0 Architecture Aspects

LECTURE 10

Asst. Prof. Rehan Masood

ASPECTS OF ACHITECTURE

Sources

-www. ARCHITECTURE & TOWN PLANNING (CE-

4702) [Instructor: Asst.Prof.Rehan Masood]

ARCHITECTURE – A POWERFUL FACTOR IN HUMAN SOCIETY

• Architecture has a very strong visual language

• What Architecture do;

– Solving housing problems.

– Raising of cultural standards

– Creating and incorporating modern services

– Safe guarding and developing the environment

– Creating modern ways of living

– Generating harmony in the man-society-nature

ARCHITECTURE & TOWN PLANNING (CE-4702) [Instructor: Asst.Prof.Rehan Masood]


• Structure Speaks itself

– Vertical Expansion

– Horizontal Expansion

– Mass Enhancement

– Planning of spaces

Think about examples



• Man-Society-Nature [Chain]

– Designer

– Builder-Technologists

– Urban Planner

– Coordinator and Planner

– Sociologists

– Interior Designer

– Material


[HANDOUT] LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT

• Landscape

– Urban, rural, regional, national

• Town scaping

– Man-made elements (purpose/function)

• Think about gardening for a house



Landscape design

– Correlation between nature and man made elements

1. Articulation of space

Use of plants for walls, floors and canopies

Partitions

Passages

Link to other spaces



Landscape design

2. Screening

Hide bad views

3. Privacy

Degree of privacy

Full(Eye-level), chest-high, Waist-high



Landscape design

4. Progressive Realisation

Create curiosity

deliberate block/partial view

5. Aesthetics

Size, shape, colour or texture

Two dimensional or Three dimensional

ARCHITECTURE & TOWN PLANNING (CE-



Landscape design

6. Textural elements

Plant as smooth, polished, rough, rippled etc.

Trunk, roots, branches, leaves for colour

Colour changing according to season

7. Attractors

Plants colour, odour, shade, beauty, texture attracts

Animal/birds Food – Fruit, nuts, berries




Landscape design

8. Unifiers

Visual Coherence

Two paths to one path

9. Evocators

Evoke memories of other times



Landscape design

10. Engineering

Control wind/water erosion

Noise pollution

Plants (Softness/hardness) can absorb, reflect, deflect and refract noises



Landscape design 11. Purification Photosynthesis Odour control 12. Climate Control Control radiation through screening Wind control through obstructing/guiding/deflecting/filtrating Precipitation control – Modify temperature-preserve moisture Control temperature – Cool shades, dead air insulation



LANDSCAPING FOR A SIGNLE HOUSE

• Grass – Level of dust • Trees – Sitting, wall of

trees, fruit, garden design • Creepers – Façade,

conserve energy • Pergola, Canopies,

gazebos


Pergola Canopy Gazebos

Creepers

• Pergola in landscape and garden design, a passage, walkway, gateway etc. with a canopy of trelliswork on which climbing plants are trained to grow.

• Canopy is any overhanging roof, shelter or ceiling providing cover or shelter/ an open ornamental shelter or covering, especially for an altar, tomb or throne; a baldachin/ hood; the upper construction in a fireplace, which directs smoke up a chimney.

• Gazebos is any building or structure of recreation from which fine views are afforded; often a glazed rooftop turret, terrace or a pavilion set in parkland



Landscaping in Public Buildings

• Semi-public (sittings)

• Pedestrian

• Car parking

• Creeper-covered facades



• Functional and Technical Correlations – Penetration of sun’s heat (planting west/south-west

– Creepers – Cooling effect

– Negative impact of trees(strong roots)

• Spatial and Aesthetics Correlations – Renaissance or Baroque style (Gardens with same

style)

– Culture with Architecture

– Level of nature

– Loving nature



[HANDOUT]

MICROCLIMATE

• Climate at Site

• Vegetation and Wind Break – Summer/Winter winds

– Square/Triangle wind breaks

– Irregular wind breaks

• Topography – Cold air pooling in depression

– A well designed sun trap

– Reverse wind vortex forms


STYLE

Renaissance

• the rebirth of classicism, a cultural movement originating in Florence, Italy in the 1400s; in architecture it is characterized by the use of classical elements for primarily secular buildings.

• Writers used Renaissance to indicate the restoration of ancient roman standard and motifs. Today the term means Art & Architecture of Italy from 1420 century to the middle 16th Century. In countries other then Italy the Renaissance motifs, but the resulting styles of French Renaissance, German and English Renaissance have little in common with the qualities of Italian Renaissance which are details of ancient, roman derivations and a sense of stability and poise.

• Styles of Renaissance included as separate entries are listed below.

– cinquecento, Italian high Renaissance.

– early Renaissance.

– high Renaissance.

– late Renaissance.

– Mannerism.

– neo-Renaissance.

– proto-Renaissance.

– quattrocento,

– Italian early Renaissance.


STYLE

Mannerism

• Mannerism; a style in Italian Renaissance art and architecture which flourished from 1520, technically proficient and breaking away from classical harmony, with the emphasis on inner mysticism and external realism.

• Style between Renaissance and Baroque period its characteristics was the use of classical motifs unnatural proportions and with full stylistic contradictions.


STYLE

Baroque

• an architectural style originating from southern Europe in the 1600s and 1700s, characterized by classical motifs used in a dramatic and theatrical manner, lavish ornamentation and integration of art and sculpture; phases of Baroque architecture.

• It is characterized by exuberant, decorations, expansive, curvature forms, a sense of mass, a delight in large scale and a preference for spatial complex composition i.e. (opposite of simplicity). They used classic motif freely.


STYLE

Carolingian • pertaining to the pre- and early Romanesque art

and Byzantine-influenced architecture in France during the dynasty of the Frankish kings (768–843) founded by Charlemagne.

• France, Germany, Netherlands, • Charlemagne himself promoted a renaissance of

Rome i.e. Constantine Christianity. This is evident in poetry, scripts, illumination and also in plans and elevations of certain churches which followed early Christian example.


STYLE

Romanesque • religious architecture in Western Europe in the early 11th

century, characterized by bulky massing, sparing use of detail and the round arch; known in England as Norman architecture.

• Style following, Carolingian and before Gothic is called Romanesque. It is characterized by massive masonry, thick proportions, the round arch and the rediscovery of vaulting, tunnel vault with pointed.

• Arch and Domes is evident in France, Spain. • Groin vault in Germany and Rib vault in Italy. The use of rib

vault and point vault was the sign approaching towards Gothic Style. ARCHITECTURE & TOWN PLANNING (CE-


STYLE

Gothic • pointed architecture; religious architecture in Europe in the Middle

Ages, originating from France in the 1200s, characterized by use of the pointed arch, verticality of decoration, rib vaults and richly carved ornament; styles of Gothic architecture included as separate entries are listed below.

• The architecture of pointed arch, rib vault and flying buttress, the wall was reduced to the minimum by spacious arcades by gallery of triforium and by spacious celestery window is called the Gothic Arch, these are not isolated motifs but they act together and represent a system of skeleton structure with active, cylinder members and membrane thin in filling and no in fillings at all. This architecture is also called Medieval Architecture from 12C and onwards.


THE SEVEN ANCIENT WONDERS

• The Colossus of Rhodes

• The Hanging Gardens of Babylon

• The Lighthouse of Alexandria

• The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

• The Pyramids of Egypt

• The Statue of Zeus

• The Temple of Artemis http://world.n7w.com/ancient-wonders/


http://world.n7w.com/ancient-wonders/











NEW 7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD

• Pyramid at Chichenitza Itza, Mexico

• Christ Redeemer, Rio de Janerio, Brazil

• The Roman Colosseum, Rome, Italy

• The Taj Mahal, Agra, India

• The Great Wall of China, China

• Petra, Jordan

• Machu Picchu, Peru http://world.n7w.com/new-7-wonders/the-official-new7wonders-of-the-world/


http://world.n7w.com/new-7-wonders/the-official-new7wonders-of-the-world/

























STONE WALLING


STONE FINISHES & RUSTICATION


COLUMN & PILLAR TYPES


ARCH


TYPES OF VAULTING


DOMES AND RIB VAULT


SYMBOL AND ORNAMENTS


Understanding Architectural Drawings

• Handout in soft copy


ASSIGNMENT NO.02

• Report on building of modern architecture


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