“ You cannot discover new oceans, unless you have the courage to leave the shore” Andre Gide

EQ: What caused European exploration? What countries were the early leaders of

exploration?

Columbus Journal, Columbus Cartoon,

Political Cartoon Activity 1

The Age of Exploration

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After the Crusades, Europeans were increasing their contact with the rest of the world, especially Asia (India, and China)

As a result of the Renaissance, Europeans were curious about the world and desired to explore

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The Crusades were Christian attempts to retake the Holy lands from Muslim control (Jerusalem) They did not succeed…

The crusades caused Europeans to come into contact with other parts of the world and they desired to set up trade with these places.

Marco Polo’s writings about his Travels in Asia also fascinated Europeans and peaked their curiosity.

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Over time trade routes were established to Asia.

Goods that Europeans desired the most were silks and spices

Soon these traders ran into difficulties as the trip was long expensive and dangerous.

Muslim raiders attacked and pillaged the European caravans.

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Because of the difficulties of the land routes to Asia, new technology and curiosity.

Europeans sought to find all-water routes to Asia.

Portugal was the early leader in Exploration mainly because of the support its monarchy gave to exploration

Prince Henry- The son of the Portuguese King who set up a school for navigation in Portugal. His Nickname was the Navigator. – Prince Henry the Navigator

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IN 1488 Bartholomeu Dias became the first European to sail around the tip of Africa.

In 1498 Vasco De Gama was the first European to sail around Africa and successfully make it to India.

**The first all water route to Asia

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The Sun bakes them, the hand breaks them, the feet step on them, and the mouth taste them? What are they?

EQ; Who were some important explorers? What was the Americas like before Europeans

arrived? Columbus day debate, p. 192 Aztec movie, Pizarro Handout

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In 1492 Christopher Columbus sails West thinking that he could find a quicker and safer water route to Asia that way rather than around Africa.

He set sail in three ships The Nina, The Pinta and

the Santa Maria Later that year he lands

in Hispaniola (Cuba) and “Discovers America”

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Columbus wrongfully assumes that he has reached the outer area of India and calls the Natives “Indians”.

In his journal he describes the natives as inferior, simple, and gullible.

His main interest on the island is Gold and later writes of his intention to colonize the people and land.

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Amerigo Vespucci – The man who America is named for.

Fernando Magellan – first man to circumnavigate the world

Francisco Pizarro - Conquistador who captured and controlled South America- The Incas

John Cabot – Italian who explored the New England Coastline after Columbus

Ponce De Leon – explored modern day Florida and claimed it for Spain

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The Spanish and Portuguese then began clash and disputed each others land claims.

Since both were Catholic countries the Pope stepped in and mediated the Treaty of Tordesillas

1494 Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the Western Hemisphere lands between them. Lands to the west of the line went to Spain, Lands to the East went to Portugal

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In the America’s there were three great native societies Aztec – Mexico, and central America Incan - South America Mayan – Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula Some of these societies were really advanced with the Aztecs

having irrigation systems roads and the largest city in the world (Tenochtitlan)

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Cortes – Spanish Conquistador who conquered the Aztecs.

Conquistadors – Spanish word literally meaning Conqueror and refers to Spanish warrior / explorers such as Cortes and Pizarro.

Montezuma- The leader of the Aztec empire during era of Conquistadors.

Europeans were far superior in weapons, but the most devastating weapon was diseases they brought with them such as measles, mumps, chicken pox and typhus

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“Even the smallest person can change the course of history” Fellowship of the Ring – J.R. Tolkein

EQ: What was the Atlantic slave trade? Why did Europeans need slaves?

Land perspectives handout, Equiano’s mid passage account, Timeline Handout

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Colony - Land taken over by another country in order to extract labor or raw materials, such as gold, cotton, sugar cane, or tea.

The Spanish colonized much of central and South America

The Portuguese also colonized South America Over time, there was Full Scale colonization

of the Americas by European countries

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The English started colonizing N.A. after its defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588

The First English Colony in American was Jamestown Virginia - 1607. The situation was difficult. Swampy, unhealthy land, Disease

from mosquitoes, attacks from Native Americans, not enough food.

Capt. John Smith kept the Settlement afloat by trading with the Natives for food. Thanksgiving

The English later turned things around and established 13 successful colonies

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The Atlantic Slave Trade refers to The buying and selling of Africans for work in the America’s

Europeans needed labor to grow crops on the bountiful land that they had obtained.

They looked to use captured African prisoners of war to fill their demand for labor

Europeans obtained slaves by trading goods to Dominant tribal leaders. Most were POWS, That

had been captured by a rival tribe

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The Triangular trade- refers to the movement of people and goods from Europe to Africa to America Europe to Africa –

manufactured goods to Africa

Africa to America – slaves (middle passage)

America to Europe – Cash crops, Sugar, Coffee, and Tobacco

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The Middle Passage refers to the very harsh journey for slaves from Africa to the America’s

The slaves were crammed into a cargo hold below the deck where it was hot.

There were no bathrooms, no showers which added to the problems of sickness, disease, and lack of food

Imagine the sights and smells.

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Plantations were large farms usually worked by numerous slaves

Usually farmed Sugar, cotton, tobacco or other cash crops

Life for slaves in the America’s was Very harsh working from sun up till sun down under extreme conditions

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The slave trade had two distinct effects on Africa Depopulation Increased wars

between tribes

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Should Columbus be honored as a hero, or seen as a villain?

EQ: What European country dominated the

Molucca’s or Spice Islands? What attracted Europeans to Southeast

Asia? Sect. 3 guided reading, Vocab review

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Forget your last for the rich man's gold, all you need is in your soul“ Lynyrd Skynyrd

Test Ch. 7 Intro

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