Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ -...

18
<http://www.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/lpg.html> <http://sydney.edu.au/law/anjel> Gunther Teubner, “Substantive and Reflexive Elements in Modern Law” (1983) 17 Law and Society Review 239 and Gunther Teubner, Recht als Autopoietisches System [Law as an Autopoietic System] (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1989)

Transcript of Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ -...

Page 1: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

�������� ����������� ���

�� � ��

� ����������� ��������������� ������

������� �������������

� ����� ��� � !�"#$ %�&'()*+, -./-."01"234&56789::234&;+<&= *>?=�@ABC

CD,56789::"DEFGHIBJK,LMNON&PQ4RST

? U"-./-."01"234&56789"DEFGHIV,U/

�WXMY,U//KZ,<D[\L0/Z] ^_`a "b\&�'

(�c?� Cd"b\)Qe,<D[\LV&fg '(hij)&Y

]&,kl mnop"qr��GstuvN0 '(wxhyz4<D

EC{+,01) |}B&+Y]&?&K~��>U< �� �� '

�������������������������������������� �������� � ���"����������� ����23q��-

.G��V��������()*+,����G��B ��G�B0v"

<D,L��h������������ ������� )� MY,//v) <http://www.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/lpg.html> )Jv¡¢£z<D,LV¤J"¥¦a §¨c /=)©�c �ªr«¬­®� /��c �����­®� )¯°G±B²³,L���´µ7 ����¶­® ���)·V,¸ ¹^º»¼�½�^¾ �¿ÀP

Á�<http://sydney.edu.au/law/anjel>uL���ÂÃ"��� �ÄÅ)D,v"<D,Lu�

� Gunther Teubner, “Substantive and Reflexive Elements in Modern Law” (1983) 17 Law and Society Review 239 and Gunther Teubner, Recht als Autopoietisches System [Law as an Autopoietic System] (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1989)�§ÆL�

Page 2: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

�� �������� �����������

(ÈÉ·ÊGËÌN0�-.V,01"56789h2=ÍÎB >Y?

)CKJfYfYh0KÏÐ�ÑÒE/§Æ<Ò,b\&^Ó��GÔ

ÕB *ÖBV,×Ø<D,LV&fg ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ)CKJ<

D,L�� �h�ßàÙÚc�)·V,»á â�ãäµ`���å��

æ�ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,ËÌ�)*KJçèB0 K=CT"éê 9

¾ �)CKJv *ÖBV,×Ø<D,~��U"b\) ��"��"

ëS� ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ)D,LBTB �hìíîïBJÒ0 Ù

Úc�">"ð"qr)CKJv::/=)ÙÚcñò)CÒ::óô

"U/Gè¤JõZ,×Ø<D,~��

� ���"ö÷S� ¸ ¹^º»¼ø>"ð"2="ßù< �c#�

ú)v��ûüá ��)v0KÏÐ&ýþ�GvC)K0Ñ0ËÌ

���<D,LUY� ¸ ¹^º»¼ß���T?"��ä�`ê_8

��_^/_� ��$ �¹� �"_¼ä�¼ 8"­®)bE

�����)ö�MY0�" <��MY0���<D,~��>BJUY�

�����������������������������������Luke Nottage, “Product Safety Regulation”, in Geraint Howells, Iain Ramsay and Thom-as Wilhelmsson (eds), Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law (Chelten-ham: Edward Elgar, 2010b), 256-94.��ãäµ`��� ÙÚc)·V,�/��)CKJ"��)�ò&îïQÅ<DE å � æ�¼5»6*b�� $��)*+,ÛÜ��� å��æ�ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,ËÌ� >"ð"ÙÚc�·�"^Ó�

�h2ÂDCTfYJK,L�ãäµ`��� `º���ê� �$ ���4���� ;+<&=����)v� Gvg TC ÙÚc�)!=� GvC fYfY"b\&c"01)"#MY0v"<DE "$/ÙÚc"%"·Ê

GËÌN0�-.V,01" 2="&&,56789G�?T)V,"G'+,

v"<D, �()��*�§Æ�L���Souichirou Kozuka and Luke Nottage, “Re-regulating Unsecured Consumer Credit in Japan: Over-indebted Borrowers, the Supreme Court, and New Legislation”, in Deborah Parry, Annette Nordhausen, Geraint Howells and Christian Twigg-Flessner (eds), Yearbook of Consumer Law 2009 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2009), 197-230; Souichirou Kozuka and Luke Nottage, “The Myth of the Careful Consumer: Law, Culture, Economics and Politics in the Rise and Fall of Unsecured Lending in Japan”, in Johanna Niemi-Kiesilainen, Iain Ramsay and William Whitford (eds), Consumer Credit, Debt and Bankruptcy: Comparative and International Perspectives (Oxford: Hart, 2009), 199-224 v§ÆL���Ian Ayres and John Braithwaite, Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ���

V¤J"ËÌ�-<D,T.ü/z<D,/HZ00ù::1 2�

^�»3º�::/ 4K�"ËÌG2="56"7¡//v)8ÍBb

\/9B0:;ßpËÌ©<c/"=_>^¦ �?q�u"@AGBZ

b\/CD,v"<D,LTY?����E)c" %"FGG[\/B

TY?"����¸ ¹^º»¼øð"ßù<��/�HI"2="q

rGû{=ÑJÒ0Lìí"J/BJ� ¸ ¹^º»¼)*+,KL4

&ÙÚc�HI)MV, >"���"NòhD,~O�

� /JvPQ)KZ] U"�+,4ËÌ�PQ/� l"b\&v"TL

>Y�Cd"b\&HZF<D,LV&fg ËÌc� "$hËÌ�Ì

GRSV,/TØTC×TB "$hËÌ�ÌGRSB&+Y] ìU"

ê3�"ÌVT? >YGWX4)¹6ê ^MYJÌVV,;+<D

,::ìvã µ<ìZ"ÌVÏKÑÒ)[\V,U/�&KLU"PQ

<� D,]"BÑ^_B` 9h=ETZMYJ*E >Y)bÑJ

ËÌc� /RS)MBJ Na)N0��bÌ4)�+,V,;+<D

,LU"PQ)� ZKû"+,Ï/[\MY,bEv bEc&KÚò

< TC bE2="d-ÞGvÑJ ÈÉefGËÌBC{+?Y,

/K\sghD,LUY� PQ/hiT?jöMY0PQ<D,L/K

\"� `ê_8��_^� v/v/kl�"­®<DÑ0h ÙÚc

)·V,�/��)v� hDÑ0"<D,Lm�TY� ��n����e1

¸ ¹^º»¼�oÙÚcyp q n "rstu) CK<vw)&E N

���������������������������������O�¸ ¹^º»¼)*+,KL4&ÙÚc�HI� ¸ ¹^º»¼�xyz{Þ

|u(�¸ ¹^º»¼"ÙÚc��éê 9¾ �"}~yz{Þ|u(îïê

� ^�����n� )bE�|MY0LAustralian Government: Productivity Commission, “Review of Australia’s Consumer Policy Framework: Productivity Commission Inquiry Report” (2008). <http://www.pc.gov.au/projects/inquiry/consumer/docs/finalreport> G�e¡¢£z<D,L����n�ê� ^"�ü� z{Þ|u( �¸ ¹^º»¼���)·�V,�x"´ä��ä�L©/BJÈÉ�ch BTB2="Ë̲*

b���²"��G}~V,¤= óô�"�"noph �u/BJ��V,~� )bE|�MY0v"<D,L�

m�<http://www.anu.edu.au/fellows/jbraithwaite/> §ÆL�q��yp �Australian Federation of Consumers Organizations� � ����� �ã¾ µ���)bE �5"�x�'h��4)��MY, >" � �E� ) ¸ ¹^º�

Page 3: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

��� �������� �����������

0 �����N< ¸ ¹^º»¼ÙÚc�(���"�¶(uGC/10LT

YhU"b\&�G�0BJK0� TY� kl�À� ÙÚc��)

*+,ìvz{4<��&ËÌ"F��U"]"���<D,U/)�

{K0LTY�_� �"¼ 8/�EDK ¼ 8hK\U/)�

�>Ye�D �=� 0�РUYh\N=K=P�G�V,U/"

<Ò, �hBT"` 9PQ���Gp�<Ò,�LU"b\)BJ

TY?�KÑB )¡K0�" < +,4ËÌhÙÚc�"b\&&&

,qr<KT)yzV,T)CKJK=CT"NÑ0=hi4&È¢h

!)ÍÎV,U/ >BJ +,4ËÌhÙÚc�"b\&&&,qr<

\N=yzV,P�GÇ�<Ò,` 9PQ�_ú"���hÍÎV,

U/ )CKJHIB0LU"£c?" >BJPQ/hi">䤽

´�äh U"���G/Jv¥�4&v")B0L�HIc)/ÑJ¦

/&,"� /RSh=ETZMYY]ÌVGWX4)¹6ê ^MY

,£zÞhD,01) 2="ê3�/2="�_ú"ËÌGvC§¨h

D, /K\sg<DÑ0LBTB NVNV2= NVNVZK ËÌ

4+,"�_úGvCU/"�_ä^� ���ìU"û"ËÌ4+,B

T©òB&K/K\ËÌ"hiGª«V,S)DE T=J ¬Kê3�

)WX4)¹6ê ^MY&+Y]&?&K/K\U/&=RSG.

üV,S)D,L�

� fYfY�Cd"S)�{K0T?U> U"���GNòV,U/)

bÑJ ¸ ¹^º»¼ÙÚc�"ìí"�HIG&B/³0"<D,L

V&fg ÙÚc­®)·V,ËÌh�0/Z]¯°c­®)·V,ËÌ

"b\&uð"ËÌqr)*KJD?Y,2="Á±G²KJK0S<D

E N0 ¸ ¹^º»¼)*+,ÙÚc�h©)³)��G*=01)

�0;Bóô"�o"´µ�D,hu2�Þ)¶Ð<K0S<D,L¸

�������������������������������������������������������������������

»¼ÙÚc�· �Australian Consumers’ Federation� /H�MY0L<http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Consumers’_Federation_of_Australia> §ÆL�n��yp� ÙÚc¸x"¹S)D,¸x<DE 0/Z]¸ ¹^º»¼ÙÚc

�( �()����§Æ� GTTZJK,L<http://www.consumersfederation.org.au/>�§ÆL�����( �Australian Consumers’ Association� � ���m�º» �ÔÕ�/BJefBJK,L<http:// www.choice.com.au/about-us/who-is-choice.aspx> §ÆL�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ���

¹^º»¼�"óô"¶q� Nò£z&ËÌ4+,"¼q&¹½�^º

9�¾�"v"uG²KJK0LU"U/� +,4ËÌPQ² ��)

ËÌV,U/hbE¿À)&,/K\sgGv0?VU/)&,L/K\

"� ËÌc� ê3�"ËÌ4+, Á G²=/VY] Âê3�"ËÌ4+,�� T? ¬ê3�"ËÌ4+, Ã�ÏKÑÒ)�ÄäúB&+Y]&?&=&,T?<D,L�

(“Figure 6” from Australian Government: Productivity Commission, “Review of Australia’s Consumer Policy Framework: Productivity Commission Inquiry Report” (2008), p 44.) ���Å���)b,Lu

���������������������������������Á�¼�éÆ3� "��� £c�����­®�N0��c����)b,ÇÈÉ<D,Lu�

0/Z]�ÊÁËÌ��Í � Î�LUYG�V)� ÏÁ²"ê3�"Ð��/¨<D,��Ñ�s�4ÒÓ�Í � Ô� 0/Z]�hx}�� �substantiation notices�� �ZÌ�D,ÕÖ+ �enforceable undertakings��L��hx}���/� �0G×?Y,sØ�/K\ÙÚsØ)Û5V,TvBY&

KÙÚc)MV,!�)MBJ ¼q&ÜÝGÞBJUYGd5}V,b\&ß�

"àáGáâc)ãVv"L�

�ZÌ�D,ÕÖ+�<� ËÌchÙ�/HZ,sØ)CKJ 5Û"$hU

YGø1,/äåV,/Ò UY)ÙÚVY] Væç�ÌVG¨Z,U/h<Ò

,L���)K\èé²"êÒ)ëV,h �e1)ËÌc)b,àèsØh&K

S<&&,L�Ã�0/Z]�ÏÁËÌ��Í � ì�LUYG�V)� ÏÁ²"ê3�"Ð�h§¨<D,��

�� ����� !����"#$%&'($%)���*�+�,-./�

Page 4: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

��� �������� �����������

>U< �¸ ¹^º»¼ÙÚc��Australian Consumer Law, ACLu�H

d)*KJ wßê3�< ²è" ê3�"ËÌ4+,h M?) �

BKû"ËÌ4+,h �����)�ov()bEÌØMY0íÕh��

�Trade Practices Act, TPAu)C+¨Z?Y,U//&Ñ0L>BJ U"

íÕh��h V¤J"³*b�îµï)bE DðT?"³N0�îµ

ï"�BKÌØ�/BJ�Nò��N0�>Ó uMY,U//&Ñ0~���

ì("�_ä^� U"+,4ËÌ���)�{=ËÌ4ZÌÓº¦�

µGyzMY,01)� ÷fMY,::N0�c&=/vñò)©fY

,::WX4)¹6ê ^V,ÌV"2�Þh§¨/&,;+<&=

¼q&ß�"óYvN0§¨/&, /K\S<D,L�?T"/RSh

sfYJK,TôTG�,§¨hDE Mv&+Y] U"������

)yzB&KL¼ 8/`ê_8��_^?bõh>"���" <ö

Þ)N0/Ò)�Þ)ZîV,º²) �� U"¼q&ß�"óY/K

\v"GZîB0KLU"÷�/Jvø¨<D,L/K\"� ÛÜ"Ý

wÞ"qr)*KJ ¸ ¹^º»¼ÙÚc�����u"¾�"HIh

�BKÌVGù¡V,//v) áâc)MBJÁúß��Þ<�GãB

0"GDY] U"¼q&ß�"óY/K\v"hø¨<D,U/hfT

,T?<D,L�����bE áâc� ËÌc)MB Ýw<&KÙÚc

ÛÜ)bÑJÁúh÷zVY] UYG�ÞB&+Y]&?&=&Ñ0~���

�"HZ<� U"�BKß��Þ<�� U"]"���Ghà)yz

������������������������������������º²"û�� ©)���n�"z{Þ|u()b,ìõ��)bÑJv0?MY0

v"<DÑ0 �E)��O�§Æ�LÌØ�*b�>"ð"°ü� <http://www. consumerlaw.gov.au/> G�eýü<¡¢£z<D,LijÒfN, N0/Ò)���"2K ¸ ¹^º»¼ÙÚc�HI"��þ)CKJ"K=CT"��)CK

J� �"`$# <http://acren.wordpress.com/> //v) Luke Nottage, “Consumer Law Reform in Australia: Contemporary and Comparative Constructive Criticism” (2009b) 9 (2) Queensland University of Technology Law and Justice Journal 111-36 §ÆL����Luke Nottage, “Proposed Australian (and Canadian) Requirements to Disclose Consum-er Product Related Accidents: Better Late than Never?” (2010c) 10/41 Sydney Law School Research Paper <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1600502>, <http://acren.wordpress.com/2010/ 09/20/acccs-draft-guide-to-consumer-product-accident-mandatory-reporting/> and <http:// ww.productsafety.gov.au/content/index.phtml/tag/mandatoryreporting> §ÆL�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ���

MY,01)/£²&v"<D,L�

� MJ ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,ËÌ56789G=fB=D,U/

)Bb\LNð �x"RST?D0 ÛÜ"ÝwÞGËÌV,01"&

&Ñ0F�GÇ�V,::2TYc&TYÙÚc)/ÑJ��"D,û

" Nò£z&�4ËÌ"U/<D,�0uLCd) fYfYh û6

"/U[ ����4ËÌuG©f&KP�GHIB >Y//v) f

YfYh ÛÜ"ÝwÞGËÌN0���V,01) ��)��B N

0���/ø&ED\56789/BJ ��N0��56789G©

\P�GvHIV,�1uLCd) K=CT"ßù"÷�G�V,×

Ø<D,h ¹^º»¼)*+,�0&HIG��"b\&ßù/

�B M?) ßàíÕÉù)*+,� G}~V,�2uLUY?V¤

J)CKJ�)�¼q&ß�hóYGZîB0= U"U/�+,4Ë

Ì���h��)yzV,01)�/£²&U/"b\)DZ,L�

0� ���345678"#$%9����

� �)� ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,�4ËÌ::�x)b,ËÌ::)CK

J l"=?KPÒMYJK,T fTET�,"< *>?= Nò£

z&+,4ËÌ"¹½�^º9/��T"Ç�T?�e1,"h��<

D[\L�

Page 5: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

��� �������� �����������

� ¹½�^º9"¾F"�)� bE��"�ÒKû"ËÌhD,LV&

fg �0/Z]��Ü"b\)u��£MY,·)"DÙÚcÛÜG

Û�B áâBJbK/V,ËÌ<D,�Í � ÔuLD,K� KÑ>\��h�ÒKû"v"/BJ� ���)MV,ËÌhD,L���

)MV,ËÌ/KÑJv �é �Û���u)MV,ËÌvDE�Í � Îu ã µ�!h�{u)MV,ËÌvD,�Í � ìuL�"�_ú"ËÌ/BJ� D,�Ø"ÛÜ)MBJ D,�Ø"ÝwÞ"� G�ØV,/

K\v"hD,�Í � !uLV&fg !h)��£GÖ+,§¨�&Kh �0/Z]ú$���� GC=,·u�Ø"¶ÜN0��Ø"w

"4&yz)CÒ �Ø"� )N·MY&+Y]&?&KLU"�Ø"

� )N·BJK,Tl\T)CKJ� �<#ÜGÛ�B >YGÙ

Úc)áâV,E) �x)bÑJÁE)â���MY,§¨�&Kh

�0/Z]ú$���� GC=,· $%)Yb �)Yb >Y/

�: ���345678"#$%9���5;<=>5(?@A5BCDE@A

5FGH�

(From Luke Nottage, “Product Safety Regulation”, in Geraint Howells, Iain Ramsay andThomas Wilhelmsson (eds), Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law (Chel-tenham: Edward Elgar, 2010b), p 258.)���Å���)b,Lu�

!

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ���

"·�<uÛÜ"ø¨¶q)*KJU"�Ø"� GRSV,U/hWX

MYJK,L>BJ vBU"�Ø"� GRSB&K/ ËÌ4ÌVG

Ö+&+Y]&?&K::s��²"ÌVGÖ+&+Y]&?ð & Ñ

/V,/Ï�²"ÌVGÖ+&+Y]&?&KTvBY&KLU"b\&

ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,�Ø"� � Û�c)/ÑJ��)��/&,L

&'&?] TY?�UY?"� G�ÑJK&+Y]&?&KB N0

UY?"� GTY?"ÛÜ)EvÑJ(DUÐ<*T&+Y]&?&

KT?<D,L��Ï"ö)E�"ìõ"û"ËÌ� ¾"Ýw*+

�general safety provision, “GSP”u)b,v"<D,�Í � !uLV&fg �)�Ýw&#Ü"DáâYb /K\*+GÌØV,v"<D,LU

"¾"Ýw*+� Ýw"g )CKJ �Ø"¨,GØ10E Ø<Ë

ØG-K0E /K\U/�B&KLU"¾"Ýw*+� >\V,�f

E) ��½º���$ 8�general clauseu"b\&v"GØ1JK,

h >Y���"¾"*+� ippan joukouu�_ú"Ýw<�<D,�0

;B UY���"¾"*+� ippan jyoukouu/�&&E ��²ãMY

,v"<DE::��²ãMY,v"<�&KuLU"¾"Ýw*+v

Ýw&#ÜGáâB&+Y] ��²"ËÌ4+,GÖ+&+Y]&?&

K /K\v"<D,Lº²"v"�V¤J �)ö)MY,E"�4

ËÌ"¢W<D,LV&fg ÛÜö)"E) º²"��£GÖ+,<

�D,K��Ø"� )N·V,<�GRSB&+Y]&?&K"<D

,L�

� M?) V<)áâMY0#Ü).Et+?Y0 >"ð"û"�4Ë

ÌGDK;Y,Láâc)/ÑJìv��"�ÒKËÌ"\g" � C� »> �<�hÍÎV,qr<D,::�x)bE#Ü"�ÝwÞh/

�MYY] áâc�»> �Gh0B&+Y]&?&K�Í � 1uL»> ��/Jv/JvÚòhTT,L���bE��"UMK�"�_ú"Ë

������������������������������������¸ ¹^º»¼<� Â�E >äú»5ä�» �"�Ë2&»> �hDÑ

0L>äú»5ä�» � �complimentary medicines� /� 34� �conventional drugs� <�&= 56Ç78N0�569Ü"b\&v"Láú»5ä^LJocelyn Kellam and Carolyn Newman, “Panic and Pandemonium and the Largest Recall in the World: The Australian Pan Pharmaceuticals Crisis” (2004) 15 (1) Australian Product Lia-�

Page 6: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

� �������� �����������

Ì/BJ� �x)bE#Ü"�ÝwÞh/�MYY] >"#Ü"Û�

/ó�G0Ð):4);TÑJ<=V,/K\v"hD,�Í � >uLÝw<&K/MY0#Ü�ß?<�N;ó�BJK&KTvBY&Kh >

Y?h!Î@¡MYJK,U/h vB=� :4@¡MY,<D[\U

/h N0� Û�MY\,U/hæ�B0�S< >"#Ü"Û�/ó

�GD?Te1<=V,LUY�»> �kl��h�ÒKv"<�&KL

&'&?] ÙÚc)V<)ABMY0T KN;�)D,ÛÜG»>

�V,ÚòN<��V,U/�&KT?<D,LCd"v"�M?)�

�"UMK<�<D,h >Y<váâc)/ÑJ�&*CÎ4)�DE

&v"<D,LV&fg Ýw<&KÛÜN0�Ýw<&K£zÞ"D,

ÛÜ)·�V,ß�"�Þ<D,�Í � FuLUY)bÑJ D&0háâc<DE TC D&0hbq"ÛÜ)·V,Áú)�{+] D&0

�UYGËÌc)�?Y&+Y]&?ð D&0hUYGB&+Y] D

&0�ËÌG�MY\,B �?T"ð"s�²"ÌVGÖ+,U/vD

,L¹½�^º9"ðF"�)� M?)��"UMK<�/BJ Û�

$c)MBJãMY,<�<�&= ó�$c)MBJãMY,<�hD

E�Í � Gu M?) ÙÚc)MBJãMY,<�hD,�Í � HuLV&fg ÙÚc� IJTôTGCB&h? TC IJGìU@)*M

Z&h? ÝwTCNK)ÛÜG©òB&+Y]&?&KL�

� º²"�4ËÌh fYfYhL�4)D,U/h<Ò, ÛÜ"Ýw

Þ"qr)*+,�4&ËÌ4+,"¾��rangeuGpüV,v"<DE

>BJ fYfY� **T0"ßùhU"b\&ËÌ"w¶N0��¶

qGù¡BJÒ0 /K\U/GDK;Y,LBTB ¾") º²"�

4ËÌ� ÛÜ"�_ú)vMÍV,L�0/Z]�Ü"b\&ubEI

J"�ÒKÛÜ)MBJ� bE��"�ÒKû"ËÌh©fY,LV&

fg �x� >"ð"û"ËÌGãV//v) ìv��"�ÒKû"

ËÌ<D,ÛÜ��£ËÌvãVLBTB **T0"ßù� �4ËÌ

"RST? ÛÜ"ÝwÞGËÌV,01) ¼q&¾��rangeu"ËÌ

G ìÂ<vCÎ4)� ©òBJÒ0B !Îv©òBJK,L�

�������������������������������������������������������������������

bility Reporter 1-7.�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ��

1� 9�&I�&JK�

�4ËÌ¢WGzD;V�N´¹�9� fYfYhÙÚcÛÜ"Ýw

Þ��)/E=tà" � C"F�<D,LV<)��B0b\) KC >BJ l"�4ËÌG©\T)CKJ� ÛÜ)sNY,»¹�"�_

ú)¶q4)MÍV,<D[\LU"U/� Í � )ÞMYJK,L��

� Í � � OP����¶Q$z< C{KJ�R¹>ä´ä��"���<GB0 á�¦=)b,QÅT?/E >YGH�B0v"<D

,~���TYh���m�"QÅ<©SB0PQ� �R¹>ä´ä�$ �¹

� �"7 ��>9T /K\ËÌPQGÇ=­®)bEHUMY0

������������������������������������Hiroshi Sarumida, “Comparative Institutional Analysis of Product Safety Systems in the United States and Japan: Alternative Approaches to Create Incentives for Product Safety” (1996) 29 Cornell International Law Journal 79-160 §ÆLTYbõ� 7V �� �G3 ¹)"$W®X/BJ"YÄ»¼GZt)K0E !Î�·[ß"\�$

�éÆ 9<]KJK,L<http://www.skadden.com/index.cfm?contentID=45&bioID =554> §ÆL

�L 345 �5M�N� O� 6785��P�QRS5TUVWX�

ÛÜ"»¹�y�

^_÷z"`aÞ�

b÷zB0^_"�ÒM�

c÷zB0^_"�ÒMd �

� e�´¹�9

���uy�

�_ú � )���4�

f�

^_÷z"�

`a�

g�

�´¹�9y

�_ú � *b��_ú � )����4�

¬bU�

�J � �u�

¬b��

�J � � u

�N´¹�9�

��4ËÌuy�

�_ú � )����4�

� ÂbU�

Âb��

�J � � � u

(From Luke Nottage, “Product Safety Regulation”, in Geraint Howells, Iain Ramsay and Thomas Wilhelmsson (eds), Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law (Chel-tenham: Edward Elgar, 2010b), p 260.)

Page 7: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

� �������� �����������

��Ìaqh�"éê 9¾ �G+òB0v"<DÑ0~���>"��/

&,HZF� ÛÜ"»¹�GÓØV,à)� ^_÷z"`aÞ/÷z

B0^_"�ÒMG¹½�^º9²<HIV,§¨hD,/V,v"<

D,L�

CK)�i)K0,b\& ��)�Ë2&^_G�5"/j<÷zM

Y,ÛÜ"· á�¦=h��_ú � �/k�/U["v"/qëMY,U/)&,LUYh 56hø�&·lGvC»¹�"ë

0mK

<DE 5

6�UYGV<)ËÌBJK,U/<D[\LB0hÑJ U"· �

N´¹�9G÷fMY,U/)&,L0/Z]�"· �x� >"Û

�"n�)o;g ��£�licenseuG¨pBJK,L�ºq"v""

· �x� �Í � "¾�"ËÌ)rÑ0ubE��"c&Kû"ËÌ<D,h &*�4&ËÌG÷fBJK,L�

� �N´¹�9&KB�4ËÌ´¹�9� ¾"4)KÑJ ^_÷z"

`aÞ�¬Kh >"^_"ýþhø�Vd,v"<�&KÁú)CKJ

v·lGvCLÍ � "J � � )D0,v"� �%>"º_� <D,L�0hst"01)º_� G©òB0· TE)�4ËÌ)bÑJº

_� "ÝwÞ)·V,� h�ØMYJK&+Y] *>?=B]B]

>Y<2uGV,TvBY&K::BTBUYhÁú�NBJø��)D

E&Áúu)C&h,U/�&K<D[\LkÐ"cB;+v2µGV,

TvBY&Kh bwGwxV,b\&U/�DE>\v&KL>Y)v

TTf?ð �4ËÌ´¹�9� >"b\&��_ú � �"»¹�vËÌV,y;hD,Lº_� �� DK�#

B[v"

<D,L/Ò/BJ �áh

zÐ;E{Ñ0EV,T?<D,L�á�º_� Gb=©\f+<�&

KT? »¹�÷z"`aÞv>\¬Kf+<�&KL+YlvKÑ0Ð

�áhº_� G×òB0· �á�bqh�GBJK,T�?&Kh

01) DE&Áú/&E\,L�á)b,º_� "×ò� ��_ú � �»¹�"J � )D0,L>BJ fYfY� �4ËÌGBJ º_� G7w)�áhK0ð?<Ò&=V,b\)�childproofu�T_äMY

,U/v<Ò,LBTB fYfY� �4ËÌh>UN<V,§¨�&

������������������������������������<http://law.wisc.edu/profiles/[email protected]> §ÆL�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ��

K|"ÓØG}BJK,L/K\"� �4ËÌh>UN<V,/VY]

�0"©òc)/ÑJ�/�<D,B N0 0/Z�á)��)DE&

~_"£zÞhD,/BJv >Y�ÂK`aÞ)/lN,T?<D,L

ÛÜ"»¹�G��V,· ��)��"�÷;+<&= DE\,�

T "U/vN0 l)�1J*T&+Y]&?&KU/G º_�

"b\&J�ÞBJK,L>BJ �N´¹�9� 2Â"��c)ýþ

"�� ÷z"`aÞ"¬K»¹�hDY] >Y);+JsfG�UV

F;)�Y,y;)D,LCNEUYh �N´¹�9hsfG�UVf

yG�Z,v"<D,L�

� e�´¹�9���u� ��_ú � �"Á���áh¢)B �á)2uGMY, º_� "b\&·u)M�V,01) �N´¹�9

��4ËÌuG%��¼�úV,b\&ËÌGàáBJK,L0/Z÷z

V,`aÞ"ÂK»¹�<DÑJv /JvDE&~_h÷zV,£zÞ

hDY] áâc� ÊÁ��²"<�)ÙÚB0/�ØMY ÛÜ��

²"�p)�V, /K\£zÞGCÎ4)vCLM?)KZ] DE&

~_h!h)÷zVY] bE!h4&�ñ/&,L&'&?] DE&

~_)���&^_��"�phCÎV, /K\U/Gg V,T?<

D,L�áhº_� "Áú<i�B0· Û�c�UYG·P4)×

�V¤Ò<DÑ0B �tB[�0"01)�ØMY0uË̲"ìÂ@

"� )bÑJ¨pMY,M�GBZJ bEÝw&M�G�e,¤Ò<

DÑ0U/GÜÝ/BJ >"�hÛ�c)MBJèéG�UV£zÞ

��5)¬KLB0hÑJ e�´¹�9���u� ^_h��&/Ò

)TdE áâchÛÜ"ÝwÞG;²MY,M�G�e,_ä¥ä�R

�G�Z,01) �N´¹�9��4ËÌu/øiB N0�UYGÇ

7V,56789/BJyzV,L�) ^_hUMK/Ò� ~_c)

/ÑJe�´¹�9���u)¼�¥¹V,"�¿À<D,B ¨_c)

MBJÛÜ"ÝwÞG;²MY,M�G�e,_ä¥ä�R�G�Z,

��v0KB0v"<�&KL�

� �_ä¥ä�R�/K\ËÌ´¹�9vN0 >"ð"´¹�9/À

�) \N=yzBJK,LBTB �_ä¥ä�R�/K\ËÌ´¹

�9vN0 >"ð"´¹�9/À�) ^_÷z"`aÞh¬K·)

;+ ì�@\N=yzV,y;hD,L/K\"� ^_"÷zV,`

Page 8: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

�� �������� �����������

aÞh¬K·)� >"ÁúG5�R¼hU�ÑJ��V,"h��<

D,T?<D,L=ETZY] ^_"÷zV,`aÞh¬K·)�

�Ë2&Áú"·<v bEUMKÁú<D,h2Â"~_chK,

·<v lg?<vbKh >"·)� Áúh÷zVY] k/Ðl

V¤J"· ��N0��ê¤<��MY,T?<D,~��^_"÷z

V,`aÞhÂKÁ,�eventsu"· 0/Z^_h��&·<DÑ

Jv �56789�DNE\N=yzB&KL/K\"� >"b\

&�æ)MV,-ýþ�Ù�BJBN\T?<D,LÁú�accidentsuN

<KT&KÁ,�incidentsu<� &*��<��MY,y;)D,U/

�D,h kÐ"Â0h��V,/ ¾""0ù��TY?�&lKÁú

)DÑ0h BTB kÐ" � Cø � C"ÁJ&";�/BT f&KLCNE `aÞ"ÂKÁ,� `aÞ"¬K�_ú"»¹�hze,"/

¤Jv 5�R¼hl\BJv¡KC{+0Kë0mK

"Á��situationu<

�&KL�

� á�¦=� 0BT) e�´¹�9���u"56789h áâc

)MBJÛÜ"ÝwÞG;²MY,M�G�e,_ä¥ä�R�G�Z

,b\) \N=yzV,U/hlYklø¨T)ëSG·fYJQeJ

K,L/=) QÅ"<0���m�/K\�� ��)*KJ ú$=�^�

º_¼¤»�R �$ �Û�#��� uh0sMY0�<D,LU"�U> ¢£)�{=��ÌaT?�²¤�)�{=¥¦��ÌaÏ/§s

MY0v"<DE N0 ��)*KJ e�´¹�9���u"567

89G áâc)MBJÛÜ"ÝwÞG;²MY,M�G�e,_ä¥ä

�R�G�Z,b\&56789)C=ETZ0v"<D,~�O�U"b\

�����������������������������������/K\"�U\<D,L^_"÷zV,`aÞh¬K·)� >"ÁúG5�

R¼hU�ÑJ��V,"h��<D,L>"Áú"��)bÑJ >"�¨0,

ÛÜ)CKJ-K�æh©¨c"%)ûüMY,L>YGáâc�ª\T?U>

�WT?b'ÛÜ"ÝwÞG;²MY,M�G�e,"G«?&K /K\f+<

D,L�

�O�Luke Nottage, Product Safety and Liability Law in Japan: From Minamata to Mad Cows (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004); Luke Nottage, “Deliktsrecht und Produkthaftung [Tort Law and Product Liability]”, in Harald Baum and Moritz Bälz (eds), Handbuch des �

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ��

&HIGhsV,U/� PQ4)� Û�cGBJ TY?"ÛÜ)b,

CÎ4&~_G�?VFGG?Yb\/CDMY,U/)C&h,::

»¹�÷z/K\û�GìU}V,F�G÷�V,U/)bE ��_ú � �ÛÜT?��_ú � �ÛÜÏ/¬­V,FGG?Yb\/CDMY,U/)C&h,L0/Z»¹�÷z"`aÞhÂ=Jv vBU"567

89h¥¦ÛÜ��"v/<bE��)yzVY] Û�c�Áú÷z"

û�GìU}Bb\/V,_ä¥ä�R�GbE2=vCU/)&,L>

BJ Û�chÁú÷z"û�GìU}Bb\/B&+Y] ÙÚc)b

ÑJèZ?Y,£zÞhbE¬=&,U/)&,L�

� =fZJ l"56789G©\T� ÛÜ"»¹��/=)^_÷z

"`aÞ/÷zB0^_"�ÒMu"�_ú)"DMÍV,v"<�&KL

0BT) UY?"56789G÷fN0�®-V,01"'(4ÈÉ4

&Úò)vMÍV,L�56789)TT,Úò� ßp)/ÑJ !

h)�¯$<D,�ìÂ<v¯$"b\)DZ,uL&'&?] áâc

� Ýw/K\�°GÛÜ)C+¨Z,U/)bÑJbq"�æGª«V

,01) b?_7´¼�R�G/?&+Y]&?&KT?<D,LfY

fY� Cd"b\&U/)CKJ bEg±V,b\)&ÑJÒ0LV

&fg ìí��/&Ñ0¼¹3¹^ÛÜ"²³øÌ´´¹�9"£µ"

b\) �h!h)yzB&K·)� �xh¶·G¸¹B V¤J

"��)M�B&+Y]&?&=&,U/G N0ìõ4)� fYfY

hº»c/BJ¼sG½ÉB&+Y]&?&=&,U/G bEg±V,

b\)&ÑJÒ0L�56789�  ÷² ßp)/ÑJ ÚòhT

T,�b\)DZ,uU/�&KLUYh &'ßphîí"¼�4<

Ò,TdE�56789G©\U/G¾t"T)CKJ"©¨&P�

<D,L�

� MÆ4) �N²"�4ËÌ"´¹�9� �?T)ÚòhTT,L/

K\"� ËÌcGBJ � "�Ø ÛÜ"¿À §¨/DY] >Y

?"»> �Á >Y?"©ò)CKJ"Ã�G&MB1&+Y]&?

&KB M?) ËÌcGBJ áâc/"g�Ä­)!=3ÁMY&+

�������������������������������������������������������������������

japanischen Handels- und Wirtschaftsrechts [Handbook of Japanese Commercial and Economic Law] (Cologne: Carl Heymann, 2011b).�

Page 9: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

�� �������� �����������

Y]&?&KLe�´¹�9� �56789/�N´¹�9" %)

D,v""b\)DZ,L/K\"� �N´¹�9kl)�ßp)/Ñ

JÚòhTT,b\)DZ&KT?<D,LBTB vg[Ð ßp�

e�´¹�9)MBJ VæÅ"âüÉG�eJ Ç'ÌG�ZJK,L

BTB ÆÇ"È�� e�´¹�9G@ZV,¢�� �Np)/ÑJ

��)¥�4)É,L/K\"� e�´¹�9@Z"×Ê�¾"×Ê)

ËEUtU/h<Ò,T?<DE �4ËÌT?��´¹�9@ZÏ/Ë

Ì"56789G´é^MY0U/)bE hà)lY;+×ÊGÌä<

Ò0TG±�B)==MY?Y,T?<D,L>Y�/vT= UY?"

Úò"�÷� Í � )v YJ*?ð N0 á�¦="QÅ<vDNEZîMYJK&KLBTB&h? UY?"Úò� &* 2�&'(4

ÈÉ4&�Í�áâc)MBJÛÜ"ÝwÞG;²MY,M�G�e,_

ä¥ä�R�G�Z,��Gstu/"%<ÎÏMY ÐÏMY,§¨h

D,L�

� �� á�¦="��4&���GM?)ÑÒ}MY,01) º}"

U/G��BJ*Ò0KLV&fg � C"©¨&56789::� e�´¹�9 �4ËÌ::"?¶)*KJv ËÌQch¾")�±B

JK,bEvðÑ/ÓÔ�ij)¡E=Ð<K,/K\U/D,L�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ��

�Y Z[�"O\]345678^_`Ea%Ob^cd%��P�QRS^e

f%gh5ijkTUVWX�

�/=)���)

bEÌäMYJK

,u��

­J� éÆ ¹^�� �R �^_N0�z

Áu­J á µ�� �R ���u

­J ZÌ�M��g�

> �ê ^�

u%a�

~òc Õ�c�*b�Ö{�Ìu &?

�)>"ð"¹� �×�= L('"

'(4���Corporate Social Responsibility, CSRu<�bEv!K�

Ø©)

���

�/=)¼�¥¹h

ÌäMYJK,u�

ìÙä� 0;BÖ{�*b�Ùä·Ê���privity doctrineu)3\§¨DE�

/�sØ� ÎÛÜ���/=)Û�c)MBJãM

Y,u�

ÔÌØ�²"<�ÙÚ�/=)Û�c)

MBJãMY,u�

¢£)�{=^_���/=)ßp)M

BJãMY,u�

Ø©)

���

ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)

·V,�4ËÌ

!KL4&v"��ÚÛ4�u N0� Û

Üb¶o)�}B0v"��Üî4�uL�Ý

sG3 ¹)B0ËÌÞß�

¾"Ï�� 1�nop"¢£)b,ài��á0)M

BJãMY,u >�"$â0��"$)

MBJãMY,uL�

Fãä�N0�

å]��

� �

(From Luke Nottage, “Product Safety Regulation”, in Geraint Howells, Iain Ramsay and Thomas Wilhelmsson (eds), Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law (Chel-tenham: Edward Elgar, 2010b), p 264.)

���������������������������������ß�ÝsG3 ¹)B0ËÌ �Performance-based regulation��/� 6»éæ�7¼��% �ê "¹�R �ä� Vu 1ä"HZF<D,LStephen D. Sugarman, "Performance-Based Regulation: Enterprise Responsibility for Reducing Death, Injury, and Disease Caused by Consumer Products" (2009) 34 (6) Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 1035-77. ¾F<ËÌc�"$)MB�Ø".ü��G�ØB �0/Z] �bfçÁúiG���<��è���u ðF<"$�.ü¢WGb�)ÔÕ<Ò,�T

C 0/Z] �Oè��<ÒY] ��èG}é,��BT<Ò&TÑ0"$/"%

< O è �ê�OèØ��è� q"�ë �entitlements� G�íÕ�<Ò,uL�

Page 10: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

�� �������� �����������

� e�´¹�9?¶<� 0/Z]ÛÜ��hD,h�Í � Îu >Y� Ýw&#Ü;+GÛ�MY,b\) áâc)MBJ_ä¥ä�R�G�

Z,�/BJÍÎBJK,LBTB K=CT"�4´¹�9)*KJ�

Ùä�h >"tìG�ÑJK,L>"4L4&J� éºä¹<D,L

>U<� ÛÜ��´¹�9� >v>vÙä�)�4V,�Í � ìuLBTB bE¾"4)� áâ�Ùäu"�íhDY]�î� D,K��"

KKFGVY] ï�*+G<=N0�Ì@V,��"ËØhDY]�ð�

Ùä�� áâ�Ùäu"�í" < áâcGBJ TY?h/h)Ý

w&#Ü;+GABV,b\)��V,��GvC<D[\L>BJ á

âchÝw<&K#ÜGABB0·)�ñò ó Ùä��G�\U/)&,LÙä��)¨ZJ ��"�_ú"/�sØ��vD,L0/Z]¸ ¹

^º»¼)*KJ� �<Ýw<&K#Ü)bE��B0~òc� Û

�c)MB ©òc)MBJãMY,Ýw&�GàáV,ÌØ����u

²"<�"ÙÚ)�{Ò ���²"u^_���ph<Ò,�Í � ÔuL��´¹�9"¶q/BJô-{+,U/h<Ò,²õºq"ÔÕöv

N0 ¼q&_ä¥ä�R���G÷öV,01"£zTCìN&F�G

�D;Vv"Tl\T /K\ÀS<vÑJ��MY,¤Ò<D,LfY

fY� º²"ÔÕöGÐÏB0\Z< D,�Ø"'(<� l"ÔÕ

öhëò£zT >BJ l"ÔÕöGZîV¤ÒTGÓØB&+Y]&

?&K�>YGÓØV,)D0ÑJ� >"ÔÕöGøòV,U/)bE

Ýw&ÛÜh'(4)Ö+KY£z&Úò<áâMY,/K\û�Gv

0?Vv"Tl\ThÓ1¢/&,uL�

�N´¹�9©ù"�4ËÌ"ùú)*KJ� ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,

���������������������������������î�mÙä?<� Zs4&Ùä�)bE A©�bq"�¢F<D,û©)MBJ

BTÝw&#ÜGáâV,<�G�f&KLA©�ð"c)MBJ�?"<�v�

f&KL�

ð�ï�*+/� A©GBJbq"�¢F<D,û©)MBJÝw<&K#ÜGá

âB0U/)b,^_����T?ïY,U/G�Vv"L�

ò�>"�¢F<D,û©)MBJ;+ �E)��î�§Æ�L�ó�ï�*+���"ËØ)bE<=N0�Ì@MYJK,"< ï�*+)ýþM

Y,U/&= �E)��ð�§Æ�L�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ��

ËÌ� �Üî4�&KBÛÜ)�}B0v"/&E\,B�0/Z]

*vg�ø%}ÛÜ)·V,��&ËÌu N0� �ÚÛ4�&KBKL

4&v"/&E\,�V¤J"�ÙÚc#Ü�)NòMY,v"u�Í � !uLUY?�B]B]üòMY,U/hD,LV&fg bE��"UMK�Ú

Û4�ËÌ)¨ZJ bE��"�ÒK�Üî4�ËÌhNòMY,U/

hD,LN0 fYfY� ��)*+,K=CT"ðqr)CKJvl

)�1J*T&+Y]&?&KL0/Z] nop"¢£)b,ài)C

KJ� ¾"Ï�²"ÌVhD[\�Í � 1uL('"'w� "$GBJÝw<&K#ÜGÛ�V,b\)joB0/K\bõ"¢£"01)

��G�K ¯ýMY,U/hD,LD,K� �þ� ��?��)b

E�cGàiMY001) ¯ýMY,U/hD,LD,K� �"$â

0�/k]Y,�]"klë�hü�BJ*E >U<� "$<MZv

Ï�²"��hD,/MY Ï�)�V,�Í � >�~�m�"$� á0h¯ýMY\,b\)� ¯ýMYZ&Kh Ï�²"MNON&ýþGÖ+

,L>Y?vN0 Ýw&ÛÜ;+GáâV,b\_ä¥ä�R�G��

V,��hD[\L�

�"� DKqr/BJ� ãä�/å]�hD,�Í � Fu::UU<"�KJ� ¼¹3¹^ÛÜ<D,L��/À� ¸ ¹^º»¼<v

À�"�W)À�"¿ÀhDÑ0h ¹^º»¼<��N4)��M

Y0êÒ)bÑJÓ�B0L¼¹3¹^)b,��"ì�"»¹�� �

?<]Ò ¼¹3¹^GstÛÜGC=,å]c)"BTTÑJK,

�Í � "J � uLTCJ¼¹3¹^�øÛÜ" )sNYJ*E >BJ>Y� ²õ"�?å]ch~�V,¼¹3¹^/�&&E T&

EÝØBJK,�Í � "J � � uL�v TCJ ¸ ¹^º»¼< ¼¹3¹^Gst"D,p)�Ð<K0L) G�+MZB&+Y] ¼

¹3¹^�>U)��)ÍÎBC{+ ÝØ4<D,Lhà)� 56Ï

"»¹�h&K"<D,L/U[hå]c)/ÑJ >"b\&ÛÜ"Û

����)IJ&U/<D,L&'&?] V¤J"�ªh� )$öM

Y,T?<D,LT=J ¼¹3¹^)·V,å]�/ãä�)CKJ�

����������������������������������m�Stephen Griffin, “Corporate Manslaughter: A Radical Reform?” (2007) 71 (2) Journal of Criminal Law 151-66.�

Page 11: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

�� �������� �����������

¼¹3¹^"w÷<=ËØGù¡V,y;hDE »¹�h¾"4)ÂK

ÙÚc#Ü)CKJ<MZv<=MY,U/)&,LKKTZY] Z�

&ãä�/å]�GvC/K\U/bxh KC l"b\)ÛÜ"Ýw

Þ)·V,Ë̹Y 9G©\T)·BJvZKýþG�Z,U/h<

Ò,"<D,L>U< Í � *b��æ)*KJ �� UY?"mqr?< l"b\&á`Ø56789hÛÜ"ÝwÞG;²MY,M�G�

e,_ä¥ä�R�G�Z,01)ëò£zTl\TG��V,¤= h

àl"=?KÀrG&[³&+Y]&?&KT)CKJ��BJK,L�

� bE¾")� KT&,e�´¹�9v�·[ß)*KJMZvu e

��justiceuÏ"¼�¥¹)·BJ2="��GTTZ,y;)D,U/

G��BJ*Ò0KLUYh 2Â"ÁJ< �?T"û"�4ËÌh%

��¼�ú/BJ§¨&P�<D,L¥¦ÛÜ��)*KJ<MZv N

0 /JvDE&ýþG~Ñ0c�ÛÜ"ÝwÞ"��T?��&^_G

~E N0�iÐ;cu<DÑJv >"c)/ÑJhà)Væç)ö;

="�&*¿À&U/<D,L¸ ¹^º»¼)� ��nO�" �� ÛÜ��� �q�G���/B0 �����"¥¦��Ìa"ù¡º4 kÐ"¼"� VæJBT&KL�

� N0¾")� �56789v b'��GV,U/�k/Ðl&KL

('��æGH�V,T?U> Ýw&ÛÜBTÛ�B&K /K\PQ

�ûp&PQ<D,LBTB hà"/U[ ('���hDÑJvöE

Ut_ä¥ä�R�G�B N0 �æ)b,��hyzV,·/�

5�R¼"��)bE��h÷�B0·;+<D,LU"b\) ß�

hb=óYJ*?ð TC >"ß�hÛÜ��´¹�9øK=CT"Ë

̹Y 9)�4V,v"<D,TdE 0/Z»¹�h¬K�_ú"Û

ÜÁú)*KJ<MZv�>"·)� �æ)b,��v¬Kh >"

·<vu �56789�DNE\N=yzB&KL�

����������������������������������q�Jocelyn Kellam and Luke Nottage, “Happy 15th Birthday, T.P.A. Part V.A.! Australia’s Product Liability Morass” (2007b) 15 (1) Competition and Consumer Law Journal 26-73. &* ��nO�"���Â� ��"�����"Û�#���"ÒÑT+/v&Ñ0L�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ���

2� lmno�

� �� UUN< ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��)·V,��Q�"K=CT

GPÒV,")§¨& N0 U"��)MV,DE\,+,"K=CT

GPÒV,")§¨& NVNVç�)&ECCD,éê 9¾ �Gç

èBJÒ0~*�U"éê 9¾ �GçèV,U/"�"ëS/BJ�

U"éê 9¾ �� �A <�ÒJK,U/)CKJ fYfYhb

Eb=�V,"G'+J=Y,/K\ShD,~�n�

p� !T Uqrl�

0/Z] !" � �-4) k/Ðl"'(��)M�V,")e�´¹�9G©ÑJ*E ÛÜ"ÝwÞ"��� >"�KJ<D,L>U

<� ÛÜ��èéh¬Kê3�<�ÒJK,S<ëh&KL&'&?

VæçÏ"¼�¥¹v��<D,B �Væç)K=��/K\�*lB�

v/JvëòBøVKT?<D,L¼5»6"Væç´¹�9/ÊÁ¢

)!�"�"� ÛÜ���ÊÁ��u´¹�9høòMY,�¨/&Ñ

JK,L�c� ��&^_��"�#GH�V,�UYGH�V,U

/)bEÝw&ÛÜGáâV,b\)fy{+?Y,u;+<&= �æ

vN0H�V,L/K\"� UY;+0=MÐ"èéhDÑJv �Ë

2&ÛÜ��èé��%"��GÕ=T?<DE N0 5�R¼�UY

?"Á�G/ED³,T?<D,L!" � ��mO�"2½�R�-ù"Ù���������������������������������*�&* ���"_ä^$=�´�ä<v*ÖBB0b\) �� �ßàÙÚc�

)·V,»á â�ãäµ`���å��æ�ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,ËÌ�< U"

ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��)CKJçèBJK, �E)����§Æ�LLuke Nottage, “Product Safety Regulation”, in Geraint Howells, Iain Ramsay and Thomas Wilhelmsson (eds), Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2010b), 256-94.�N0 �»á â�ãäµ`��� ¦/&,��S��T N0 �Ø"ÙÚc�"qr �0/Z]ÛÜ"ÝwÞ"qr� )M�V,01)l"b\&ÔÕöhÍÎV,T)CÒ·l"D,���Uc �HIc c >"ð"

c"01)"#MY0�<D,L�

�n�David Harland and Luke Nottage, “Conclusions”, in Jocelyn Kellam (ed.), Product Lia-bility in the Asia-Pacific (Sydney: Federation Press, 2009), 559-78 v§ÆL�

Page 12: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

�� �������� �����������

Úc�ë$%)3K ��q��)ÙÚcÛÜÝw��Consumer Products Safety

ActuGÌØV,U/)bÑJ s�y·�AgencyuhÙÚc"ÝwÞ)

·BbE�=TCKL4&�4ËÌGh0<Ò,b\)B0LBTB&h

? ¼5»6"&Ö4)ìø¨&56789� &*>"!�"��´¹

�9)zÒ'EC{+JK,LÛÜ���ÊÁ��uG ÛÜ"ÝwÞ"

;²);+JÛ�c)MBJ_ä¥ä�R�G�Z,01"©¨&56

789/BJ©\ß� ¼5»6ºq)�&KL¼5»60� � $�

�0 ��0 ¸ ¹^º»¼0/¤Jv�?T) /Jv(JK,

D,K� NÑ0=ÀeÛÜGÙÚV,LBTB ¼5»6� >")�

²"éê 9¾ �Gst >"!�"F*)MÍV,01) ÛÜ"Ý

wÞ"��GËÌV,01)ÛÜ���ÊÁ��u/Væç´¹�9��

�´¹�9uG©KC{+,ÔÕGB0"<D,L�

s� tuvq�

MÆ4) +³�·� b��/ËÌ,êGbElU[/BJK00

1) bEL�4&¼ú$ âGøòV,LV&fg ��On�)MT"�

, b�-��Ø�_ú"U/<D,Lvg[Ð T&E.|4&û" #���Free Trade Agreementu<D,L&'&? � #�� � �fYfYhO��("Ç)&ÑJb\ø=î¤�e10/U[" N0 �A"ð"ïú)

*+, #�� "o/N0�?¶<!Y<JK,/U["uå] °� #"b�&fÒ"b\&v"N<Àr)¡ÑJK0T?<D,LBTB +

³�·)� ßp-Ì/�4ËÌ"ZK�-GvCßhÂ2=ÍÎV,L

��m���"éºä¹ *b� m��� q���"á�âÄ ºE" !$ � T&EÑ0&ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞËÌG÷�MY0L�

� +³�·� >"1W)� ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,ËÌ)*KJ -¾

4TC¥¦&� G�ØV,01) ßp-Ì/�4ËÌ"ZK�-4¢

�GCD0LBTBVm)23)�NE �! wú"%}ÛÜÉù"ÝwÞ)·V,� G/EÓ1,")��v��vTTÑ0LBTB ��nO�

U[ ßp-Ì/�4ËÌ"ZK�-4¢�T?"´é^hDÑ0LNð

ÛÜÝw�Â"01)�+?Y0��0&F��Ï"´é^hDÑ0LU

"��0&F��� � DK��"� ^a ´�ú"ë0mK

GC=E;

B0LU"�BK¹�_�" ÛÜ)�}B0�Â� .üV¤Ò!4&

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ���

ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,� G�ØB0LBTB "g) U"�BK¹�

_�" ÛÜ)�}B0�Â� � $��wú� �Øyp 5�*b�ßp3 ¹"� ypGBJ Cd"U/)3ÁMY0LV&fg �N4

ú$¥¹)bEÛÜÝw�Â" )�ØMY0¾"ÛÜÝw� Gh!

V,")§¨& bEç�<��4&6�"�ü)·�MY0LN0 ��nO

�)� ���º²)�� *�0;BKÄ7"VZ) �! püß*b�+³|u(�ÛÜ���Â)·gB0L��Â� püß)MB ÙÚc

)_G�Z0²¤ÛÜ)·V,��²"¥¦��)�{=½ÉGù¡V

,U/G¨pV,v"<DÑ0LUYvN0 ��n���"&TÈ[)DÑ

0 ßp-Ì/�4ËÌ"ZK�-4¢�T?"8­GÞVv"<D,L

BTB&h? KNv&* ��Â)·�BJ 0=MÐ"�Nefhs

fYJ*E N0 ��Â"h!);+ +³|u(*b�mßËÌc)

bÑJ ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,2="ËÌh0MYJK,L�

� M?&,¹��ú� ����� V&fg �! hV¤J"ÙÚcÛÜ)NòMY,ÚÛ4&�ÂGù¡B0�S)94B0L>Y� � $��"

�<�Ýw&ÛÜ;+hàáMY,U/G/h)V,01) ÛÜÈ/

)ÙK"D,ËÌ&KB� "01)zeJK0:Ä�úG;1JK=

v"<DÑ0LUYvN0 � DK��"� ^a ´�úGC=E;

B0L>"�Â"?��Cd"/*E<D,L²õ"� }yp"¢ G

ÏJ ÝwÞ)·V,��4&6�hØ�MY,L>"6�)3\"<D

Y] Û�c� b'ÛÜ)����1 �G�+,U/h�1?Y,L����

1 �h�KJKY] >"ÛÜ� �! püß%<"b�&sÒ4h�1?Y,L����1 �h�KJK,/K\U/� >"ÛÜ"Û�ch

U"¾"ÛÜÝw�Â�General Product Safety Directiveu)*+,¾"Ýw

*+�General Safety Provision, GSPuGRSBJK,/K\U/G<ØV,

)Vd&KLB0hÑJ ���% º3�h�KJK,ÛÜ)b,Áú"÷zh÷�VY] ËÌc� >"ÛÜ"=AGÌ@B0E >"ÛÜh0B

T)ÝwTl\TGîïB0EV,01) <=ÂÉG;VU/h<Ò,L�

� U"¾"ÛÜÝw�Â)bÑJ �mpüßê3��/vT=vu�! ê���������������������������������5�� $��wú� �Øyp �European-wide standard-setting organization� )� {$� ;+<&= +³�·)bE°ÌáâMY0ÙÚc� v§¨V,L�

Page 13: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

��� �������� �����������

3�<� �4ËÌ"éê 9¾ ��¼q)7üB0L0;B �����

�Â)� � C"��hDÑ0L� C� ËÌc"�V,Zs4&»> ��@)·V,��<DÑ0::BTB>Y����/K\kl<v&

TÑ0Lv\ � C� �Þ<�/K\v"hNÑ0=&K/K\���<DÑ0LV&fg ÛÜ)·�V,DE&ÁúhDÑ0Tl\T�>Th

!)2uGB0 N0� ��)TTÑ0u Áú÷z"�5"»¹�h

DÑ0Tl\T�>ThI\=��B>\)&Ñ0h ?@)v!h)�

��Yð)VÐ; BTB :4��V,TvBY&Ku UY?"U/

GËÌc)�?B1,01" áâc)MBJãMY,�Þ<�/K\v

"hNÑ0=&TÑ0"<D,L�Þ<�� �����)��ÂhHAMY

0�S< øÑ/ù¡MY0������"HA������N<)ß?�}MY

,U/h×ØMYJK0uLÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,ËÌ�@�&*ß�/

È)BNMYJK,/"�±h �����"HA)MBJýþG�Z0L>

"HAºE)� ËÌc� »¹�hzeCCD,T !)ze0T /

K\U/)CKJ¼q&ß�GC?Y&TÑ001) >"ËÌ�@G�

�)s©<Ò&TÑ0"<D,LËÌc� KC� G�ØV¤ÒT)C

KJv >"� �NKTl\T)CKJv KC#Ü"»> �N0�

<=ÂGÁÂV¤ÒT)CKJv NÑ0=fT?&TÑ0B D,K�

b\ø=fTÑJv V<)*>Vd0"<D,Lw"4)� �! �KL4&ËÌ"éê 9¾ �G�ù/p�BJÒ0LBTB DCTK)

=Vd&K�not to be too unwieldyu::D,]"%ºä¹"/Y0 éê

9¾ �/V¤=CsBC{+JK,L�

w� xy�

�hDRBJ*Ò0Kïú"ì(" � C� ��/¸ ¹^º»¼<D,L���� � DKß<D,L/K\"� ÛÜ"ÝwÞ"��GËÌV

,01) ÏÁè¡GZîV,T?<D,Lnop"¢£)b,ài/K

\Ï�kl�$�²¢£EàiFu� h�<� /Jvø¨<DE �

�)*+,�G¢×èé��G¢×Á, uGDJv >YhfT,~���v������������������������������������Robert B. Leflar and Futoshi Iwata, “Medical Error as Reportable Event, as Tort, as Crime: A Transpacific Comparison” (2006) 12 Widener Law Review 195.�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ���

g[Ð ¸ ¹^º»¼)*KJv N0 ¼5»6)*KJ<MZv

/Ò)ÏÁè¡�D,L/U[h ÏÁè¡� �chH)l®V,U/

<�&KL�chH)l®V,"� /=)¼5»6<� ÊÁèé<D

E::IË��<D,LÏ�"¨�h��"ú$¥¹)(DUNYJK,

f+<D,L���Ï�"�÷GZîV,LU"U/�*>?= ��q��

)ÙÚzeòÛÜÝw�//v)ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,ËÌhù¡MY

0)vTTf?ð &'U"ËÌhÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��)MBJ�Ò

&JKG�Z&TÑ0TGÇ�V,<D[\L��"('� �L)Ýw

<&K#ÜGÛ�B0· U"��)�{KJÈ{� M�"t0)¡KéMY,bEv ('bõN0�ÈNch}IÅ)bÑJÏÁè¡MY,U

/"k\G 0�ÐðÑ/l®BJK0L/K\"� ÙÚzeòÛÜÝ

w�� (')MBJCÎ4)ÌVG�Z,)Vdð ÈNcG¯ýV,

01"M?&,�@���MYJ*?ð ��"(')/ÑJ� *>Y

,)0,v"<�&TÑ0T?<D,LBTB&h? U"ÏÁè¡/Û

Ü"ÝwÞ)·V,ËÌ"(·Y� !Kg )*KJÙÚc"ÝwÞ)

·V,�5Z�&�4ËÌhÍÎV, /K\U/Gg BJK0L�

� /U[h ��n���T? ��<� @¡ÛÜhbE2=¢)¡,b\

)&E �z &�� T?"&�GÖ+,b\)&Ñ0L&�� � ÝwÞ)·V,�4ËÌ�@G÷fV,°¦G*MZUv\/*lVv"<D

Ñ0L/K\"� ÝwÞ)·V,�4ËÌ�@"÷fhOY0û"-�

P)·�V,v"<DY] �"ßT?àèMY,T?<D,L����

�e1 ��<� �N4&¬}hDE w"4)ÛÜ"ÝwÞ)·V,

_ä¥ä�R�h��"(')­«MY,U/G/h)V,01) ����

�)Û�#���hÌØMY,)K0Ñ0L�����T?���O�)T+J"

ìõWX� /Jv� DKLU"% ��"'(<� ÙÚc"ÝwG

*�øTV ¾�"��hC{K0L��UY?G �'� ��/k�U/)B0~���¼¹3¹^���Asbestos problemsu ²¤�wÁJ�Building

���������������������������������M������) �Q{$�T?ÈÉ{$�)�Rh¬SMY0L�

���Luke Nottage, “The ABCs of Product Safety Re-regulation in Japan: Asbestos, Buildings, Consumer Electrical Goods, and Schindler’s Lifts” (2006b) 15 (2) Griffith Law Review 242-86.�

Page 14: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

��� �������� �����������

defects casesu ÙÚc%�yTÁJ�Consumer electronics cases�U g&D

) ( GV�ÁJ�Dumpling cases�W � Gê3 � �Elevators�X /C{+,U/h<Ò,~���� C"��høÑ/ÒÓMY0b\)DZ0g \l>"� 0/Z]¼¹3¹^Ç�ÌaGÏJ�Y Z#ÁJh!Y,/K\b\) CdCd/C{K0L5�R¼)b,��ø�NßÔ"NÑ

0;&T< ���m�)ÙÚzeòÛÜÝw��HdMY0L>"Hd<�

b'ÛÜ)·�V,Áúh÷zB0·�vg[Ð M?) Áú÷z"

»¹��*>Yu��hUY)50,T��Â)bÑJØ<MYJK,Lu

hze0·<MZv�[ áâc)MB ËÌc)>YG�³,�Þ<�GãVU/)B0 \ L!Î<� b'ÛÜh·ÊV,]^hDY] 0/Z��chzeJK&=Jv áâc�>YG�ÞB&+Y]&?&KL

D,K� ¾_}`�"$öhDY]�u¹�éÆä�a � &lT?

böh}�MYY]u 0/Z��chzeJK&=Jv áâc�>Y

G�ÞB&+Y]&?&KLUY� V¤J"DE&»¹�G�ÞB&+

Y]&?&K/V, �! �Âkl)� øK<�<�&KL��<� ²è"b\) �Â)bEØ<MY0Áú÷z"»¹��*>Yu;+GM

c/BJK,h /vDYËÌéê 9¾ �)MBJø¨&<�GC+

¨Z0/KZ,<D[\L�

z� ����� !�

��/À� ¸ ¹^º»¼)*KJv fYfY�CK)ß��Þ<

�GC+¨Z0::�����)ÌØMY ����� � � � �)0sMY0LK���������������������������������U�ÝwÞ/ 4Ü)·BJ2="��hD,L�

W� ßT?"@¡V�ÁJL�

X�©/BJ´äµº 'Û"ê3 � L�

���Luke Nottage and Joel Rheuben, “Chinese Dumplings and Dodgy Foods in Japan: Im-plications for the Australia-Japan Free Trade Agreement” (2008) 19 (4) Australian Product Liability Reporter 50-6.�Y�¼¹3¹^Ç�Ìa� ��hÝwÞ)·V,��)M�V,)*KJ� ß"

·�h�G÷dV,U/hDJ/Y,L�

[�ÙÚzeòÛÜÝw� � * m + ÙÚzeòÛÜÝw�0s O *L�\�ÙÚzeòÛÜÝw��O*L�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ���

KTZY] ��bEv >BJwK% ß��Þ<�G�BJK0 �! / !" /�¤,N<v&= ðÑ/eÑ=EøÑJÒ0L*N+) U"¸ ¹^º»¼"�BK<�� Cd" � C"ø¨&S< �A <ìvÌ@MY0v""\g" � C/&ÑJK,L�å � ) ¸ ¹^º»¼"ß��Þ<�� �!h)÷zB0�Áú"

·);+NòMY,S<Ì@MYJK,LN0 �Áú�"Ø<ËØ)

bY] wW����Þ4)²qMYJK,LB0hÑJ ¼¹3¹^É

"b'ÛÜ)b,wW��h�¨< >Th¡�B0/æ�BJv >Y

G�ÞV,§¨�&KLg&D) �! !"�)* D,K�6a=<ÌØ

MYCCD,��<� ²õ"ß���Þ<�"4f)¡E UYG�Þ

V,§¨hD,/MYJK,L�

� å � ) ¸ ¹^º»¼"ß��Þ<�� �ÞMY0ß�hËÌc)bÑJgh)MY,S<Ì@MYJK,L�ÞMY0ß�� ��/BJ

�[)��MY,U/v&= ð">T)¿�MY,U/v&KL�ÞM

Y0ß�� ËÌc;+hRS�ÌGWX4)¹6ê ^MY,01)

*>?=©\"<D[\h 0/Z]ÛÜ<=Â÷i"b\) >"÷i

N< ÙÚc j���h�ÒJK,TG�,U/h<Ò&KLU"U/� ��/¤Jv �Ò&ÙK<D,L��<� ���m�"Hd)bE Ù

Úck ��`á_^)s+] V¤J"ß�::Û�c"�E ÛÜ"Ç�¡ /Ò)�Ýw<&K£zÞN0�`aÞ"D,#Ü"lH::h>

U)D,~���

� ¸ ¹^º»¼)CKJ fYfY� K=CT"M?&,ßÔGPÒ

B&+Y]&?&KL�!�>BJ��u/À�) fYfYh�����)

ÛÜ����Gù¡B0/Ò fYfY� !" ¹�_�"�º¹�¼�´�ävù¡B U"ÛÜ����/�º¹�¼�´�ä"(·Y�ÙÚc

ÛÜ"ÝwÞ��GÒÓV,")¼q&v"<D,/HZ0L ¹^º

»¼"���UchUY<�/¼q<DÑ0/�{=)� M?)���v

TTÑ0LfYfY� N0 ÛÜ"ÝwÞ"�� »> � Éù"0

=MÐ"È¢GBJÒ0L>BJCK) fYfY��fYfY"©¨-

���������������������������������j�ÔÕ�"b\&ÙÚc¸x<MZv�E)����§ÆuL�

���<http://www.caa.go.jp/safety/> §ÆL�

Page 15: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

��� �������� �����������

�� ^a hvCËÌéê 9¾ �)*KJD?Y,b\&u�Þ<

�/ß�"óY)·V,ËØG�´¹�9wxGbEb=yzMY,01

)uÌØV,§¨hD,/ �mhûQ{+,)K0Ñ0LBTB&h?

ÍnT?fT,b\) fYfYh�Þ<�/ß�"óY)·V,ËØG

ÌØV,N<)� ��)wK�%TTÑ0L�

� ö÷S<D,+,4ËÌ���)vl,/ /=)¸ ¹^º»¼)/

ÑJ ß��Þ)CKJHoV,")UÐ&)�%hTTÑ0U/)CK

�{ ���345678��5|�}�

US UK EU � CPSA+,-

./012

34

56

+various4 GPSD+78

/0129

:4

CPSL+,-

;<=/0

1234

TPA+>?@

A34BC

3�DE*F

ACL+GHI

JKLM,-

.34� � CPSC

(Consumer Product Safety Commission)+,-./0

12NOP4

DTI (Department of Trade and Industry)+QRSTU4

+DE* BIS (Department for Business, Innovation and Skills)4

EC VWX YZ

METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)+[\STU4

+DE* CAA (Consumer Affairs Agency) +,-.]44

Treasury+^AU4/ACCC (Australian Competition & Consumer Commission)+GHIJKL

M_`VWX

,-.NO

P4

� ‘72 +aba’814

‘61 ‘92 ‘73 ‘74

� ‘72 ‘78 ‘92 ‘73 ‘74 � ‘72 ‘78 ‘92 c ‘74

c +’944 ‘92 c c

� ‘72 +’064 ‘92VWX’01 ‘73 ‘86 � ‘72

+VWX’904+’064 ‘01 ‘06 ‘10

PL�‘65 +aba’984

‘87 ‘85 ‘94 ‘92 +VWX’864

(From Luke Nottage, “Product Safety Regulation”, in Geraint Howells, Iain Ramsay and Thomas Wilhelmsson (eds), Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law (Chel-tenham: Edward Elgar, 2010b), p 269.)

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ���

J� 0KÏÐ/ v) fYb\L>BJ!Î<MZ ¸ ¹^º»¼

� �A<ìvÌ@MY0<�G�V,ß" � C<D,L+,4ËÌ���"ST?DY] &KbE�NB<D,LU"¸ ¹^º»¼)*+,

�Þ<�G1m,!Ó"� " � C/BJHZ?Y,"� ������º»"¸ ¹^º»¼ø�A"ð"ïú)*+,b��_�¸$: "p

�hD,LU"b��_�¸$: "p�� Cd"b\&HZFG�

«B0LV&fg k/Ðl"Á±)*KJ lÐ&û"ËÌbEv::

0/Z>Yh�"$)MBJß��Þ<�G�fY,b\&��"UM

&û"ËÌ<DÑJv �"k\h >BJ*>?=��´¹�9"k

\h \N=yzV,<D[\L¸ ¹^º»¼"HI�h �AÌ´I

y�Global Financial Crisis, GFCu"q\cBE)<0 ���n� � �"z{Þ|u(��T? kÐ"rW%� � �%u"\g)ÌØMY0U/� � DKU/<D,~���vBb��_�¸$: h �#� ("øa"(s)tBN&TÑ0/B0? ���q�)uzB0º�µ�å]vu��h

ÙÚc�HI)*KJUÐ&)vüwV,U/G >hTx<Ò0<D

[\T~���

� >Y�/vT= ���n�T? �Nú$¥¹�|D�e1 z{Þ|u

(��v��"yv(��"b\)&ÑJKÑ0LBTB ÙÚc"Ýw

Þ)·V,ËÌ�M?)�ÙÚc�)*+,>"ð"6÷)·V,ËÌu

hÌØMY,N<)� ���Ucø5�R¼"%<~QGÏ,&T<

>YT? � �º²vTTÑ0LB0hÑJ fYfY� �����)�e1������������������������������������Cd"U/v�õV¤Ò<D,LV&fg ���O�)÷zMY0z{Þ|u(�

51 ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��;+)ëSGDJJ}~BJK0L<http://www. caa.go.jp/safety/> and Luke Nottage, “Shohiseikatsuyohin no ototeki Saikisei - Osutoraria to Nihon ni okeru Hado-ro to Sofuto-ro [Responsive Re-regulation of Consumer Products: Soft and Hard Law in Australia and Japan]” (2006a) 7 Soft Law Kenkyu 111-44 §ÆLBTB ���m�"ìõ��"àU� ���q�T?�¢MY,ÙÚc��"!4&}~Ï

/C&hÑ0L�

���BTB ê�¥Øé� �"HZFh{eBCCD,K=CT"|})MV,

¸ ¹^º»¼0>�¦¹^"îí"Ã�)CKJ� V<) John Quiggin, Zombie Economics: How Dead Ideas Still Walk among Us (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010)�/K\QÅhDE >YG§Æ"U/L�

Page 16: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

�� �������� �����������

J �����)�v\+³�·�hØ1JK0/U[" /5Ùä*+)M

V,wßê3�"ËÌGÌØV,)K0Ñ0L¸ ¹^º»¼ÙÚc�

�Australian Consumer Lawu� KN"/U[ >"�¶h����� �� �Â�/5*+ËÌuG>Ó B0v"<D,LBTB fYfY� K=C

T"÷<ø�&HdGB0~�O �m�UY?"V¤J"HI� �#� "(� ðÑ/�N4)Ö+KY?YøV=&Ñ0L�h£µB0/Ò >"�

"£µGÇdV,")��´¹�9G~,U/�<Ò&K/Qe?Y

,b\)&ÑJÒ0LÁE)¼qTCNK&�4ËÌGvCU/"k\h

��´¹�9bEv bE�j4<DE NghK&=�d<D[\L�

� BTB&h? ¸ ¹^º»¼� KN<v �K4f)@ØMY0ß

��Þ<�BTv0&KL \) ¸ ¹^º»¼)*KJ� ÙÚcÛ

Ü"ÝwÞ��)MV,�4ËÌ�Ì"p�G�|V,b\&ìN"J

Kh¼q)zD;MYJK&K"TvBY&K�ÛÜ"ÝwÞG;²V,

M�);+JÛ�c)MBJ_ä¥ä�R�G�Z,¤= ¶q4)��

�·V,e�´¹�9/�56789)K0ÑJ�K\N<v&=À

�<D,uL�� !) ËÌc"%;+<¿�MY,ß�Gp�MY,

01) ��)v #�� N0�ßp%·gG fYfY�l"b\)BJëòB\,T)CKJHIBJK,L�� M?) ¸ ¹^º»¼�)

*+,�BKh BTB�K4f)@ØMY0ß��Þ<�G�EUZ,

01) �[)MV,bEbK�Þ/�l"b\&v"T)CKJHIB

JKÒ0K~�q�

����������������������������������O�Luke Nottage, “Osutoraria no Shohishaho no Fukatsu – Shohisha Keiyaku ni okeru Futo Joko [Australia’s Consumer Law Revival: Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts] “ (2010a) 83 Shohishaho Nyusu 300-9 and <http://www.consumerlaw.gov.au/content/Content.aspx? doc=the_acl/guidance.htm> G�YbL��m���ÙÚcÙä� ������� "?�/����� �� �Â"?�)�ÙKhDE >Y� ¹^º»¼ÙÚc� ������� "?�/����� �� �Â"?�/"ÙKbEv�ÒKLLuke Nottage, “Consumer Rights in Japan”, in Parissa Haghirian (ed.), Jap-anese Consumer Dynamics (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011a), 31-60.��q�Luke Nottage, “Asia-Pacific Regional Architecture and Consumer Product Safety Regu-lation for a Post-FTA Era” (2009a) 09/125 Sydney Law School Research Paper <http://ssrn. com/abstract=1509810>.�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ���

~��

� UYN<è¤JÒ0 ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞËÌ)·V,qhG©ÑJ

ÙÚc�)*+,>"ð"qr)CKJv::/=)ÙÚcñò)CÒ

::HIV¤Ò<D,Lñò�ÛÜ<�&KLñò�á ¤¹<DE !

b"�þ/Þ�GvCLBTB ÙÚc$ ä/ÙÚc��+� ìí

/=) �#� "D/ ��MYJK,b\<D,L��/��"(·Y� U"ì-"��)/E=t01)©)©fYJÒJK,B N0 �5

6789v Ýw&ñòG1OB TCàáV,::V&fg¢�)»¹

Y &ñò��+GÌ@V,::01)òK?YJÒJK,LBTB w

x"éê 9¾ �GD0/Ò K=CT":Ä�ú��+� ìY�u

hzÒ'ÑJK,U/hfT,L0/Z] fYfY� �Ø"]ë"ñ

òá ¤¹�ËÌcv��´¹�9vUY��MY&K/è¤0/U["

v"u)MV,<=Â/ÀÉ"v"GDK;VU/h<Ò,LV&fg

¸ ¹^º»¼)*KJ� �#� E)vTTf?ð K=CT"Væçh �°{�­��+%d )MB�5)¥¦&Ì@GãB�e1JK0L�©"$� /Jv�gD=&+Y]&?&KL/K\"� K=CT"Væç

h ¼?q"�ÞÉh&+Y] °{�­��+�/5Ùä<D,/æÞ

B0T?<D,~�n�Væç"æÓ)¨ZJ ËÌc�K=CT"�©"$

G�íB0E N0����£B&TÑ0EB0U/vD,L/K\"�

>"b\&�©"$� ��)�B"ZKáºÌ �_ú"�©<DÑ0T?<D,LfYfY� ²õºq)v K=CT"ìÂ� �minimum

standardsuGDK;B\,L0/Z] ¸ ¹^º»¼"�BK/5Ùä

*+ËÌø ¹^º»¼"K=CT"ïú)ÍÎV,ë�²@ËÌ<

������������������������������������°{�­��+ �asset-based lending��/� �©"��+h�©"¸¡T?_ÉMY,U/GWXMYJK,v"<�&= �©"°{G�­/BJ_ÉMY,

U/GWXMYJK,v"L�

�n�Jeannie Paterson, “Knowledge and Neglect in Asset Based Lending: When is it Uncon-scionable or Unjust to Lend to a Borrower who cannot Repay?” (2009) 20 Journal of Banking and Finance - Law and Practice 18-36.�

Page 17: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

�� �������� �����������

D,~��

� fYfYhlU)vDK;VU/h<Ò&K"� bE!4&ß��Þ

<�<DE >BJUYh �/U��¾�­®)b,îí"ú$���

^"îïMc<D,~���D,Ì´y·hhà"��+)*KJ5Û{$Û

�bE2="�Áú�N0�»¹�GTTZJK,"<DY] >"Ì´

y·GBJ ËÌc)MB��t?=� ËÌc;+<&= ¾"�[)

MBJvu >YG��MY,<�G &' fYfY� vCU/h<

Ò&TÑ0"<D[\TL0/Z] ��)*KJ D,('T?�ÌB

0�©"%<bâch�5)@¨V,· N0� �5)¬a&ê3�

<÷zV,· c&=/vËÌc)MB��t?=� ËÌc;+<&

= ¾"�[)MBJvu ß��Þ<�GãBJvbK"<�&T[\

T::>\VY] >"b\&('�*>?=K=CT"/Jv�K4&

��7��/Ùä*+GvCv"/fT,T? �[h >"b\&('

/íÕGV,à)� bE�gD=&,U/h<Òb\LËÌc� ËÌ

"WXG²³J<=ÂGãVU/v<Ò,B D,K� M?)îïB0

\Z<�Ø""$)·V,Ã�G÷V,U/v<Òb\L>BJUYh

�h ÙÚcÛÜ)·V,ËÌ"�w/BJ/E=t ÙÚcñò)

·V,ËÌ"D¨<D,LUU<vN0¦/&,"� ß�"óY"

Ho)CKJHIV,U/<D,L�

�����

Ian Ayres and John Braithwaite, Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).

Australian Government: Productivity Commission, “Review of Australia’s Consumer Poli-cy Framework: Productivity Commission Inquiry Report” (2008).

�����������������������������������¸ ¹^º»¼"U"ë�²@ËÌ� ��øK=CT"� $��"ßù)*

+,b\)� ©¨&ËÌ¢W/&ÑJ�K&KL�

���Luke Nottage and Souichirou Kozuka, “Lessons from Product Safety Regulation for Reforming Consumer Credit Markets in Japan and Beyond: Empirically-Informed Norma-tivism” (2011) 11/39 Sydney Law School Research Paper <http:ssrn.com/abstract= 1895084>.�

+,4ËÌ/ÙÚcÛÜ"ÝwÞ��������

�������� ����������� ���

Stephen Griffin, “Corporate Manslaughter: A Radical Reform?” (2007) 71 (2) Journal of Criminal Law 151-66.

David Harland and Luke Nottage, “Conclusions”, in Jocelyn Kellam (ed.), Product Liabil-ity in the Asia-Pacific (Sydney: Federation Press, 2009), 559-78.

Jocelyn Kellam and Carolyn Newman, “Panic and Pandemonium and the Largest Recall in the World: The Australian Pan Pharmaceuticals Crisis” (2004) 15 (1) Australian Product Liability Reporter 1-7.

Jocelyn Kellam and Luke Nottage, “Happy 15th Birthday, T.P.A. Part V.A.! Australia’s Product Liability Morass” (2007b) 15 (1) Competition and Consumer Law Journal 26-73.

Souichirou Kozuka and Luke Nottage, “The Myth of the Careful Consumer: Law, Culture, Economics and Politics in the Rise and Fall of Unsecured Lending in Japan”, in Jo-hanna Niemi-Kiesilainen, Iain Ramsay and William Whitford (eds), Consumer Credit, Debt and Bankruptcy: Comparative and International Perspectives (Oxford: Hart, 2009), 199-224.

Souichirou Kozuka and Luke Nottage, “Re-regulating Unsecured Consumer Credit in Ja-pan: Over-indebted Borrowers, the Supreme Court, and New Legislation”, in Deborah Parry, Annette Nordhausen, Geraint Howells and Christian Twigg-Flessner (eds), Yearbook of Consumer Law 2009 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2009), 197-230.

Robert B. Leflar and Futoshi Iwata, “Medical Error as Reportable Event, as Tort, as Crime: A Transpacific Comparison” (2006) 12 Widener Law Review 195.

Luke Nottage, Product Safety and Liability Law in Japan: From Minamata to Mad Cows (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004).

Luke Nottage, “Shohiseikatsuyohin no ototeki Saikisei - Osutoraria to Nihon ni okeru Hado-ro to Sofuto-ro [Responsive Re-regulation of Consumer Products: Soft and Hard Law in Australia and Japan]” (2006a) 7 Soft Law Kenkyu 111-44.

Luke Nottage, “The ABCs of Product Safety Re-regulation in Japan: Asbestos, Buildings, Consumer Electrical Goods, and Schindler’s Lifts” (2006b) 15 (2) Griffith Law Review 242-86.

Luke Nottage, “Asia-Pacific Regional Architecture and Consumer Product Safety Regula-tion for a Post-FTA Era” (2009a) 09/125 Sydney Law School Research Paper <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1509810>.

Luke Nottage, “Consumer Law Reform in Australia: Contemporary and Comparative Con-structive Criticism” (2009b) 9 (2) Queensland University of Technology Law and Jus-tice Journal 111-36.

Luke Nottage, “Osutoraria no Shohishaho no Fukatsu – Shohisha Keiyaku ni okeru Futo Joko [Australia’s Consumer Law Revival: Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts]

Page 18: Ö y ! ± Þ r L < · $ ¼ ñ - 北海道大学lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/journal/LPG_vol13/13_13.pdf · D,L‡˜ ‡h“ßàÙÚc)•V, ...

Q� � �

��� �������� �����������

“ (2010a) 83 Shohishaho Nyusu 300-9. Luke Nottage, “Product Safety Regulation”, in Geraint Howells, Iain Ramsay and Thomas

Wilhelmsson (eds), Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law (Chelten-ham: Edward Elgar, 2010b), 256-94.

Luke Nottage, “Proposed Australian (and Canadian) Requirements to Disclose Consumer Product Related Accidents: Better Late than Never?” (2010c) 10/41 Sydney Law School Research Paper <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1600502>.

Luke Nottage, “Consumer Rights in Japan”, in Parissa Haghirian (ed.), Japanese Consumer Dynamics (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011a), 31-60.

Luke Nottage, “Deliktsrecht und Produkthaftung [Tort Law and Product Liability]”, in Harald Baum and Moritz Bälz (eds), Handbuch des japanischen Handels- und Wirtschaftsrechts [Handbook of Japanese Commercial and Economic Law] (Cologne: Carl Heymann, 2011b).

Luke Nottage and Souichirou Kozuka, “Lessons from Product Safety Regulation for Re-forming Consumer Credit Markets in Japan and Beyond: Empirically-Informed Nor-mativism” (2011) 11/54 Sydney Law School Research Paper <http:ssrn.com/abstract= 1895084>.

Luke Nottage and Joel Rheuben, “Chinese Dumplings and Dodgy Foods in Japan: Implica-tions for the Australia-Japan Free Trade Agreement” (2008) 19 (4) Australian Product Liability Reporter 50-6.

Jeannie Paterson, “Knowledge and Neglect in Asset Based Lending: When is it Uncon-scionable or Unjust to Lend to a Borrower who cannot Repay?” (2009) 20 Journal of Banking and Finance - Law and Practice 18-36.

John Quiggin, Zombie Economics: How Dead Ideas Still Walk among Us (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010).

Hiroshi Sarumida, “Comparative Institutional Analysis of Product Safety Systems in the United States and Japan: Alternative Approaches to Create Incentives for Product Safety” (1996) 29 Cornell International Law Journal 79-160.

Stephen D. Sugarman, "Performance-Based Regulation: Enterprise Responsibility for Re-ducing Death, Injury, and Disease Caused by Consumer Products" (2009) 34 (6) Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 1035-77.

Gunther Teubner, “Substantive and Reflexive Elements in Modern Law” (1983) 17 Law and Society Review 239.

Gunther Teubner, Recht als Autopoietisches System [Law as an Autopoietic System] (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1989).