+

World History

September 11, 2012

+What we are learning about:

410 AD – 1350 AD

The Fall of Rome

The Middle Ages Feudalism/Manorialism The Crusades The Black Death

+Medieval EuropeMedieval Europe

BackgroundBackground

• The Middle Ages were a dark age for Europe. 

• Feudalism: social class system during the Middle Ages that depended on loyalty due to constant invasions and insecurity. Includes Kings/Lords/Knights/Serfs.

The Franks try to turn things aroundCharles “The Hammer” Martel

Political advisor and war leader Defeats Muslims in Spain

His son, Pippin follows in his footsteps and eventually takes the crown

768, he dies and passes his kingdom on to his son, Charlemagne

Charlemagne

“By the sword and by the cross”

Rise to Power

Every year, Charlemagne leads his army to battle. He expands his kingdom by conquering a people each year. He then forms alliances with the local leaders

Why is this a smart political move?

Einhard’s Life of Charlemagne

... He cherished the Church of St. Peter the Apostle at Rome above all other holy and sacred places, and heaped its treasury with a vast wealth of gold, silver, and precious stones. He sent great and countless gifts to the popes; and throughout his whole reign the wish that he had nearest at heart was to re-establish the ancient authority of the city of Rome under his care and by his influence, and to defend and protect the Church of St. Peter, and to beautify and enrich it out of his own store above all other churches.

How did Charlemagne feel about the Catholic Church?

How might this influence how he rules?

Papal States

Region of central Italy under the control of the pope (The yellow section)

You mess with the pope, you get You mess with the pope, you get CharlemagneCharlemagne• 774: Lombards attack the Papal States• Pope asks Charlemagne for help• Charlemagne defeats the Lombards

• 799: Angry supporters of the previous pope attack Leo and run him out of Rome• Leo calls on Charlemagne and the Franks• Charlemagne returns Pope Leo III to power

Emperor Charlemagne

Pope names Charlemagne Emperor of RomeThis implies two things:

Charlemagne had restored the glory of the Roman Empire

Charlemagne had the full backing of the church and God

Does the pope have the authority to do this?

Why does the pope have such influence?

Charlemagne

Created Holy Roman Empire.

To control his empire, Charlemagne appointed local administrators who were loyal to him. They were called counts and they were bound by oath to obey him

This system of loyalty would eventually lead to Feudalism.

More than an Emperor, a Change Maker Using your textbook, complete the following

Charlemagne’s Action

Resulting Social Change

Education

Religion

Law

Trouble, Video

1. What threatened Charlemagne’s empire?

2. What were these people after?

3. How did these people treat people they encountered?

Vikings

Vikings invaded surrounding countries in search of gold.

Vikings killed the people, burned the villages, and stole the food and valuables.

They were excellent sailors and ship builders who used navigation

Muslims and Magyars

Muslims crossed the Strait of Gibraltar in 711 and attempted to invade

They were stopped at the Battle of Tours by Charles Martel

Changed tactics and gave up invasions in favor of small raids

Magyars invaded from the east on horse back

They planed their raids carefully

In the mid 900s the Magyars were crushed by King Otto the Great of Germany

+

FeudalismFeudalism was a result of the collapse in the strong government of Ancient Rome and the invasions of vandals like the Vikings.

One’s social class in Feudalism was determined by birth.

+

ManorialismManorialismThe economic portion of feudalism was centered around the lord's estates or manor, and is called the manorialism. 

A lord's manor would include peasant villages, a church, farm land, a mill, and the lord's castle or manor house.

Manorialism – economic system used during feudalism.

+ManorialismManorialismManors were self sufficient; all economic activity occurred on the manor. Most of the peasants during the Middle Ages were serfs. Serfs were given land to farm in exchange for service to their lord. 

Service that serfs owed to the local lords included: working in the fields for food and paying taxes. 

+Manorialism

• The lords had responsibilities also under this system.  In return for the services and taxes paid by the peasants, they provided land and protection to them. 

• Lords also had to pay taxes and knights for fighting to high lords and the king. 

• Feudalism affected all levels of society

+

Feudalism in Europe

Europe

Nobility King, lord, lesser lord

Warriors Knights

Code of Conduct Chivalry

Both practices developed in response to the need for security and stability everyone had well-defined social roles

helped preserve law and order

The Feudal System

KingsGive large land grants to Upper Lords called fiefs

Give ProtectionReceives money, military service, and advice

Upper LordsGive land grants to Lesser Lords

Give ProtectionReceives money, military service

Lesser LordsGive land grants to knights

Receives money, military service

KnightsGive land to peasants/serfs

Receives crops, labor

Peasants/ SerfsReceives land to farm Pays with labor, crops

+Magna Carta

This system lasted for hundreds of years, with the kings having a large amount of power.

In 1215 in England, Nobles came together and created the Magna Carta.

The Magna Carta limited the King’s Power.

1. What document does the USA have that limits the executive’s power?

+ArtUnlike their Greek and Roman predecessors, the artists of the Middle Ages depicted a flattened, abstract style of art.

+During the middle ages two distinct During the middle ages two distinct Christian churches emergedChristian churches emerged

Roman CatholicRoman Catholic Eastern OrthodoxEastern Orthodox

+Role of the ChurchRole of the Church

Religion was a central part of life for medieval people from baptism to marriage.

The Church was the largest landholder, gained wealth through tithing and had its own laws and courts which frequently clashed with King’s authority.

The Church was a stabilizing force during a period of weak government.

Because of this, the Pope had a large amount of power– even more powerful than the kings.

+The Crusades, The Crusades, Video

• In the 1050’s the Seljuk Turks invade the Byzantine empire and conquered Palestine or the Holy land.

• The Muslims and Jews also considered this their Holy Land.

• The Pope called for a crusade to free the Holy Land

+Reasons for the CrusadesReasons for the Crusades

• The Pope wanted to increase his power

• Christians believed it was their duty to recover the Holy Land

• Nobles wanted to gain wealth.

• Adventurers sought travel and excitement

• Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression

+Impact of the CrusadesImpact of the Crusades• A major result of the Crusades, include

Cultural Diffusion and an increase in trade.  European interest in goods from the east was stimulated by returning Crusaders who brought back many things. As the Crusades ended, ships that were once used to carry soldiers to the Middle East, now carried trade goods.  Merchants from rich Italian city states, such as Venice and Florence, dominated this trade. 

+Crusades

Crusades Trade Wealth & Knowledge Cities

+The Black Death, The Black Death, Min. 6

The bubonic plague was a highly infectious disease spread by the fleas on rats. Rats were common in the cities of this time.

This particular outbreak first appeared in China.

Between 1347 and 1353, the plague killed one person out of every three in Europe over 25 million.

+The Black Death

Caused the death of tens of millions of people.

Caused the decline of cultural transmission and trade across Eurasia.

Caused the halting of growth of population, trade, and industry.