Who is came up with the Heliocentric Theory?

Who proved the Heliocentric theory to be true but later recanted his statement?

Bell Ringer

Scientific Method and Scientific Thinkers Reading: Age of Enlightenment The eight Enlightened thinkers Class Activity

Agenda

Logical procedure for gathering and testing

ideas. Begins with a problem or question arising from

an observation. Next a hypothesis is formed. Next hypothesis is tested. Analyze and interpret the data – confirms or

disproves theory.

Scientific Method:

How do we use the scientific method in our

everyday life without even realizing it?

Scientific Method

English Politician and writer. Attacked medieval scholars for relying on

Aristotle and ancient thinkers. Urged scientist to experiment and observe the

world around them and then draw conclusions. Idea known as Empiricism or Experimental

Method.

Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon

Analytical Geometry – linked algebra and

geometry. People needed to reject old ideas Everything should be doubted until proved by

reason. “I think therefore I am” General laws can be expressed

mathematically.

Rene Descartes

Rene Descartes

What law did he form? Law of Universal Gravitation: - Every object in the universe attracts every other

object. Degree of attraction depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them.

1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy – one of the most important scientific books ever written.

Invented Calculus and many of his theories are still used today.

Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton

Zacharias Janssen – (Dutch) First Microscope in

1590. - 1670 Anton Van Leeuwehoek used it to

discover bacteria.

Evangelista Torricelli- First Mercury barometer in 1643.

- Tool used for measuring atmospheric pressure and predicting weather.

Scientist develop new instruments

First Microscope

Bacteria

First Mercury barometer

Gabriel Fahrenheit- (Dutch) First thermometer

using mercury in 1714. - showed water freezing at 32 degrees.

Anders Celsius –(Swedish) Created another scale, showing freezing at 0 degrees.

Scientist develop new instruments

First thermometer using mercury

Anders Celsisus

What is the scientific method?

Bell Ringer

Middle ages: Galen dissected pigs and assumed human

bodies were much of the same.

Andreas Vesalius – dissected human corpses and published his observations.

On the Fabric of the Human Body (1543) Detailed drawings of human organs, bones,

and muscle.

Medicine and Human Body

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOhh-

8mgTFk

Andreas Vesalius

William Harvey: English Doctor On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in

Animals – 1628 Showed Heart acted as a pump to circulate

blood. Described the function of blood vessels.

Medicine and Human Body

Edward Jenner introduced a small pox vaccine

in 1700s. Used cow pox to inoculate people which was a

milder disease.

Medicine and Human Body

Robert Boyle – founder of modern chemistry. The Sceptical Chymist 1661. Challenged Aristotle’s idea that the physical

world consisted of four elements – earth, air, fire, and water.

Boyle’s law – explains how the volume, temperature, and pressure of gas affect each other.

Discoveries in Chemistry

Ch. 18 Focus Questions

Homework