Where we are coming from…. WE THOUGHT WE KNEW WHAT THEY WANTED…
?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ?? 1.) What did Africa have a lot of that Europe wanted? 1.) What did Africa...
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?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ?? ?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ?? 1.) What did Africa have a lot of 1.) What did Africa have a lot of that Europe wanted? that Europe wanted? 2.) Which European nations were 2.) Which European nations were most successful in the “Scramble most successful in the “Scramble for Africa”? for Africa”? 3.) How did Imperial Countries feel 3.) How did Imperial Countries feel about Africa? about Africa?
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Transcript of ?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ?? 1.) What did Africa have a lot of that Europe wanted? 1.) What did Africa...
?? WHAT YOU SHOULD ?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ??KNOW ??
1.) What did Africa have a lot of that 1.) What did Africa have a lot of that Europe wanted?Europe wanted?
2.) Which European nations were most 2.) Which European nations were most successful in the “Scramble for Africa”?successful in the “Scramble for Africa”?
3.) How did Imperial Countries feel about 3.) How did Imperial Countries feel about Africa?Africa?
Dividing a ContinentDividing a Continent
Today, what are Today, what are some problems some problems facing Africa?facing Africa?
Why does Africa Why does Africa face so many face so many difficulties today?difficulties today?
A continent divided….A continent divided….
Scramble for Scramble for ColoniesColonies
How do Europeans How do Europeans first become first become interested in Africa?interested in Africa?– ExplorersExplorers– MissionariesMissionaries– Develop a Develop a
‘paternalistic ‘paternalistic view’ view’ of Africans of Africans
Effect of Imperialism on AfricaEffect of Imperialism on Africa~Europeans ~Europeans felt felt
Africans Africans
were unable were unable
to rule to rule themselves.themselves.
~Exploit the ~Exploit the AfricansAfricans
*Used *Used paternalismpaternalism andandassimilationassimilation to controlto controlthem. them.
*Govern them *Govern them like parents!!!!like parents!!!!
PATERNALISTIC VIEW OF NATIVES
>> >> Central/East AfricaCentral/East Africa:: To get rich, African tribal kings sold To get rich, African tribal kings sold businessbusiness people the rights to raw materials.people the rights to raw materials.
U-tube milk tapping
Mr. Chaney
Exploitation of African Resources Exploitation of African Resources
North AfricaNorth Africa: England wanted : England wanted control of Egypt and the Suez control of Egypt and the Suez Canal so they could get through Canal so they could get through Africa. Africa.
Mediterranean sea
>> West Africa >> West Africa ~Slave trading posts changed into product ~Slave trading posts changed into product trading posts. trading posts. (oil, coal, iron ore, copper, gold, and (oil, coal, iron ore, copper, gold, and diamonds).diamonds).
Dr. David LivingstoneDr. David Livingstone Explorer-MissionaryExplorer-Missionary Traversed Africa and Traversed Africa and
wrote about the people wrote about the people of Africa.of Africa.
More sympathyMore sympathy and and less biasless bias for Africans. for Africans.
Leaders hire explorers to Leaders hire explorers to travel to Africatravel to Africa
King Leopold II of King Leopold II of BelgiumBelgium– Sends Stanley to the Sends Stanley to the
CongoCongo Starts trade with CongoStarts trade with Congo– Claims his mission is to civilize Claims his mission is to civilize
the Congo and carry the light the Congo and carry the light “that for millions of men still “that for millions of men still plunged in barbarism will be the plunged in barbarism will be the dawn of a better era”dawn of a better era”
Sparks a race to claim Sparks a race to claim different regionsdifferent regions
– Britain, France, and GermanyBritain, France, and Germany– ““SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA”SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA”
King Leopold II King Leopold II Henry Morton Henry Morton StanleyStanley
Berlin Conference -- 1884Berlin Conference -- 1884 Why?Why? When?When? Where?Where? What happens?What happens?
– European countries had to have a European countries had to have a government in a region before it could government in a region before it could claim control over it. claim control over it. >>>>>>>>THIS BEGINS THE SCRAMBLETHIS BEGINS THE SCRAMBLE <<<< <<<<
– Within 20 years, all of Africa was Within 20 years, all of Africa was partitioned up by European powers.partitioned up by European powers.
The effect of Berlin The effect of Berlin Conference was Conference was to to dividedivide, not to unify , not to unify AfricaAfrica. .
The colonial The colonial boundaries were boundaries were artificial and illogical. artificial and illogical. They ignored the They ignored the colonial cohesion of colonial cohesion of tribal Africa and tribal Africa and separated the separated the peoples of ethnic peoples of ethnic mini-national mini-national languages held languages held together for together for centuries by their centuries by their common heritage. No common heritage. No sensible grouping of sensible grouping of people remainedpeople remained
?? WHAT YOU SHOULD ?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ??KNOW ??
1.) What was the attraction of European 1.) What was the attraction of European nations to Africa?nations to Africa?
2.) Which European nations were most 2.) Which European nations were most successful in the “Scramble for Africa”?successful in the “Scramble for Africa”?
3.) How did Imperial Countries feel about 3.) How did Imperial Countries feel about Africa?Africa?
>>Southern Africa<<>>Southern Africa<<
The ApartheidThe Apartheid
*A Horrible example of Racial *A Horrible example of Racial Segregation*Segregation*
?? WHAT YOU SHOULD ?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ??KNOW ??
1.) What are White people in South Africa 1.) What are White people in South Africa called?called?
2.) What was the legal segregation called 2.) What was the legal segregation called that separated the races?that separated the races?
3.) Who is the person that is most 3.) Who is the person that is most responsible for ending racial segregation responsible for ending racial segregation in South Africa?in South Africa?
Exploitation of AfricaExploitation of AfricaSouth AfricaSouth Africa: British fought : British fought
wars to:wars to:–Win right to mine diamonds, Win right to mine diamonds,
thenthen–Made South Africa an Made South Africa an Apartheid.Apartheid.Government policy of Government policy of segregation and exploitationsegregation and exploitation
BackgroundBackground
During the Age of During the Age of Imperialism certain areas Imperialism certain areas of South Africa were of South Africa were “WHITE” or European only. “WHITE” or European only.
European racism grew European racism grew during this time.during this time.
The ApartheidThe ApartheidA government enforced A government enforced policy of separation that policy of separation that began in 1948.began in 1948.
Designed to continue Designed to continue political and economic political and economic dominance of whites in dominance of whites in South AfricaSouth Africa
Rules of ApartheidRules of ApartheidFirst laws outlawed First laws outlawed interracial marriages.interracial marriages.
Classification board Classification board created to settle created to settle disputes of race.disputes of race.
Group Areas Act of Group Areas Act of 19501950
Prohibited Non-whites Prohibited Non-whites from living or working in from living or working in white areaswhite areas
Forcibly removed Forcibly removed violatorsviolators
Separate Amenities Separate Amenities Act of 1953Act of 1953
Created separate beaches, Created separate beaches, buses, hospitals, schools buses, hospitals, schools and universitiesand universities
Facilities for different races Facilities for different races did not have to be equal did not have to be equal
Other LegislationOther Legislation– The Population Registration Act The Population Registration Act (1950) (1950)
This law required all citizens to be This law required all citizens to be registered by skin colorregistered by skin color
• The Mines and Work Act The Mines and Work Act (1956)(1956)Reserved skilled jobs for whitesReserved skilled jobs for whites
– The Extension of University Education The Extension of University Education Act Act (1959) (1959) Created separate universities for Created separate universities for each raceeach race
Day-to-Day ApartheidDay-to-Day Apartheid Non-whites could not run businesses Non-whites could not run businesses
in white areas.in white areas. Passes needed to enter white zones.Passes needed to enter white zones. Black areas rarely had electricity or Black areas rarely had electricity or
plumbing. “Ritz versus the Slums”plumbing. “Ritz versus the Slums” Hospitals and ambulances were Hospitals and ambulances were
segregated, non-white were usually segregated, non-white were usually run down and under staffed.run down and under staffed.
Day - to - DayDay - to - DayBlack education was very Black education was very
basic and geared towards basic and geared towards working for whitesworking for whites
Black police officers could Black police officers could not arrest white citizensnot arrest white citizens
Blacks were stripped of Blacks were stripped of citizenship and voting rightscitizenship and voting rights
Forced RemovalsForced Removals
In Johannesburg, 60,000 In Johannesburg, 60,000 blacks were moved to area blacks were moved to area called Soweto. called Soweto.
Area was on Southwest Area was on Southwest part of town by the mines part of town by the mines and industrial areas.and industrial areas.
ChangesChangesDuring the 1970-80’s violent During the 1970-80’s violent
protests demanded changesprotests demanded changesInternational community International community
became involved as wellbecame involved as wellCaused many deaths and Caused many deaths and
violence throughout South violence throughout South Africa.Africa.
Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela Activist who was Activist who was
jailed for 27 jailed for 27 years during the years during the apartheidapartheid
Was first elected Was first elected official after official after democratic democratic elections were elections were held on April 27, held on April 27, 19941994
Rev. Desmond Tutu
Nelson Mandela’s Nelson Mandela’s – – Inaugural AddressInaugural AddressMay 10th 1994May 10th 1994
We understand it still that there is no easy road We understand it still that there is no easy road to freedom. We know it well that none of us to freedom. We know it well that none of us acting alone can achieve success. acting alone can achieve success.
We must therefore act together as a united We must therefore act together as a united people, for national reconciliation, for nation people, for national reconciliation, for nation building, for the birth of a new world. building, for the birth of a new world.
Let there be justice for all. Let there be justice for all. Let there be peace for all. Let there be peace for all. Let there be work, bread, water and salt for all. Let there be work, bread, water and salt for all. Let each know that for each the body, the mind Let each know that for each the body, the mind
and the soul have been freed to fulfill and the soul have been freed to fulfill themselves. themselves.
SouthSouth AfricaAfrica 20102010 Wealthiest country Wealthiest country
in all of Africa.in all of Africa. Beginning to shed Beginning to shed
horrors of Apartheid.horrors of Apartheid. Human Trafficking Human Trafficking
now an issue.now an issue. Spotlight for the Spotlight for the
world to see….world to see….– Host of 2010 WORLD Host of 2010 WORLD
CUPCUP
?? WHAT YOU SHOULD ?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ??KNOW ??
1.) What are White people in South Africa 1.) What are White people in South Africa called?called?
2.) What was the legal segregation called 2.) What was the legal segregation called that separated the races?that separated the races?
3.) Who is the person that is most 3.) Who is the person that is most responsible for ending racial segregation responsible for ending racial segregation in South Africa?in South Africa?
