-What is Ichthyology? -Fishes in Geologic Time -Fish Evolution -Broad Subjects …thrabik/course...
Transcript of -What is Ichthyology? -Fishes in Geologic Time -Fish Evolution -Broad Subjects …thrabik/course...
Lecture Outline:
-What is Ichthyology?
-Fishes in Geologic Time
-Fish Evolution
-Broad Subjects of this Course
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Thomas R. Hrabik
• Office hours W 1100-1200 or by appt.
• Office SSB 11, [email protected], x7626
• Research: food web ecology/evolution, exotic species, hydroacoustics, Hg in fish, conservation of Hucho taimen in Mongolia
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General Information
• the website http://d.umn.edu/~thrabik/Ichthyology.htm
• Turn your cell phone off before
class
Ecology,
Limnology,
Oceanography
Icthyology Fisheries
Science
Icthyology -Evolution
-Physiology and Morphology
-Classification
-Reproductive Ecology
-Behavioral Ecology
-Feeding and Trophic Interactions
-Ecosystem Ecology
-Landscape Ecology
From Magnuson 1991
Urochordata:
tunicates
Marine, larvae are free swimming and
notochord, gill slits, and dorsal hollow nerve
cord; adults are sessile, saclike, and filter
feed. Cephalo-
chordata:
lancelets
(Amphioxus)
Marine, segmented, elongated body
with notochord extending the length of
the body; cilia surrounding the mouth
for obtaining food
Vertebrata:
agnathans,
chondrichtyes,
teleosts
Distinct head and trunk supported by a
series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae
in the adult; closed circulatory system
and ventral heart; well developed brain
and sensory organs
Vertebrate Evolution
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Paedomorphosis: retention of
body traits as adults that were
Juvenile structures in ancestral
species
Tunicates:
Urochordata
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Figure 34.8a
Haikouella. Discovered in 1999 in
southern China, Haikouella had eyes
and a brain but lacked a skull, a
derived trait of craniates. 520mbp Lancelets(Cephalochordata)
Craniates
Fossil jawless fishes appear in the Ordivician, ~500 million ybp
Skeletons primarily of cartilage.
fishes developed bony plates --- jaws, skeletons.
Fish make up more than half of the World’s vertebrate diversity.
Fish-like vertebrates evolved in the early Paleozoic Era
--late Cambrian Period.
-true bony fishes and cartilagenous fishes arose.
-jawless fishes declined
The Devonian Period (410-360 mybp)
Age of Fishes ---Fish proliferated throughout the world’s oceans.
Ostracoderms
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
Permian
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Tertiary
Placoderms
Chondrostei
Holosteans
Period
tetrapods
Fish Habitats
Sensory Input Sources
Chemoreception
Olfaction--Homing responses/prey
Gustatory Senses--Reject toxic prey
Acoustico-Lateralis System
Inner Ear--otoliths and swimbladder
Lateral Line--neuromasts/cupula
Electroreception
Ampullae of Lorenzini, Pit organs
Vison
Eyes
Adaptations
Sub-portions of the course:
I. Morphology and physiology
II Evolution and systematics
III. Fish Ecology
Morphology and Physiology
I. Form and Movement
II. Respiration
III. Blood and circulation
a. bouyancy and thermal
regulation
b. hydromineral balance
Evolution and Systematics
I. The origin of fishes, and evolution
II. Systematics, Genetics and Speciation
Ostracoderm
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
Permian
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Tertiary
Placoderms
Chondrostei
Holosteans
Fish Ecology
I. Feeding, growth, reproduction
II. Behavior and species interactions
III. Community and landscape ecology
A.) local and regional forces on fish
communities
B.) dispersal
IV. Fisheries Ecology
http://www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk/animalcules/
Shedd aquarium
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html
www.photokatalyse.fraunhofer.de www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk
mywebpages.comcast.net www.noc.soton.ac.uk www.cees.iupui.edu
A typical north temperate food web
Lab Section:
-Expectations in the Laboratory
-Lab structure
-Course Points
-Field Trips and presentations
-Lab groups
Lab Expectations 1. You’ll have read the material prior to lab
2. a cooperative attitude
3. Lab groups are needed (2 people)
4. The instructor will provide a brief
overview at the beginning of lab
5. Weekly quizzes on the lab material
6. Fun encouraged
Course Points
Lecture 1 120
Lecture 2 130
Lecture 3 (Final) 140
Lab 1 60
Lab 2 65
Lab 3 70
Presentation/res.proj.70
Quizzes 100
Class Participation 15
total 770
Field Trips
1. Duluth Aquarium field trip (early April)
a. free admission
b. design scientific project at
aquarium
c. Proposal
2. French River Hatchery (late April)
a. On site tour and description of
operations and management
strategies
Laboratory Section Outline:
Chapter 1 - Basic Anatomy: External (read-Thurs.)
Chapter 2 - Basic Anatomy: Internal
Chapter 3 – Osteology
Chapter 6 - Finding/measuring Characters
Chapter 7- Taxonomic identification
Chapter 12 - Age and Growth
Identification, Taxonomy of Minnesota Fishes