GIFT: Americas Region of the Open Government Partnership:

Mapping of Country Fiscal Transparency Commitments 1

15 November 2017Summary This paper:

Maps, in Table 1 (p. 5), all the fiscal transparency commitments contained in the current Action Plans of seventeen OGP member countries in the Americas region,2 against GIFT’s ten High-Level Principles of Fiscal Transparency, Participation and Accountability: http://www.fiscaltransparency.net/ft_principles/ 3, as well as against cross-cutting categories (those relating to subnational governments, anti-corruption, and ICT).

Lists, in Table 2 (from p. 14), a short summary description of each commitment, organised against the High-Level Principles as well as by three cross-cutting categories (sub-national government, anti-corruption, ICT).

Describes cross-country patterns in commitments. Draws out some notable clusters of commitments, including those relating to GIFT’s

strategy of ‘putting the citizen at the centre of fiscal openness’, particularly with respect to public engagement in public service delivery, and open fiscal data.

The source of the commitments data is the OGP Explorer, which contains all the individual commitments in each country’s Action Plan.4

The objectives of this paper are to:

Promote peer to peer discussions, cooperation, collaboration, and learning by:o Identifying and classifying all the fiscal openness commitments being

implemented in the region.o Providing a snapshot of the reforms currently underway, and identifying

promising commitments.o Supporting subsequent research on how well countries are implementing

their commitments, and on the impacts of the OGP.

1 This paper was written by Murray Petrie, GIFT Lead Technical Advisor, and Juan Pablo Guerrero, GIFT Network Director.2 These Action Plans do not include those for Brazil, Chile, and Trinidad and Tobago, which are on a different action plan cycle in the OGP.3 The OGP Americas region includes the following countries: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States of America, and Uruguay.4 https://www.opengovpartnership.org/about/independent-reporting-mechanism/ogp-explorer-and-irm-dataNote that the information in the OGP Explorer for most countries in the region is in Spanish. The text of commitments has been translated for this paper using google translate.

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Promoting more ambitious, better designed, and more effectively implemented fiscal openness commitments in the region in the next round of Action Plans.

IntroductionPrevious GIFT reports used information and data in IRM reports to assess the nature of fiscal transparency commitments in OGP Action Plans, and to analyse how well countries had implemented their ‘first generation’ fiscal transparency commitments.5

This report moves upstream to provide a more current picture of the fiscal transparency commitments being implemented in the 2016-2018 Action Plans. It does so by extracting from the OGP Explorer (the OGP’s on-line database of all Action Plans) a very short summary of each commitment that meets GIFT’s definition of fiscal transparency. Note that these Action Plans do not include those for Brazil, Chile, and Trinidad and Tobago, which are on a different action plan cycle in the OGP.

The aim is to promote more topical discussions and interactions between OGP member countries and to provide more timely input to the preparation of the next round of Action Plans.

It bears repeating that the GIFT definition of fiscal transparency – which is the basis of the commitments mapping in this paper – includes, in addition to transparency of the documents and reports associated with the annual budget cycle, transparency of related fiscal policy functions with respect to public procurement, public asset and liability management, the delivery of publicly-financed services, and public investment management. This is considerably broader than the definition the OGP Support Unit has been using for ‘budget transparency’ – although the OGP Support Unit definition is in the process of change.6

Box 1 describes how the mapping of fiscal transparency commitments in these OGP Action Plans was carried out.

This report takes into account the OGP Support Unit’s Research Agenda 2017-18, which identifies a number of priority research areas, topics and questions. These have informed the design of the approach to the mapping of commitments for this report. For instance, in addition to mapping commitments against the GIFT High-Level Principles, the following

5 See for instance ‘Fiscal Transparency in Open Government Partnership Countries, and the Implementation of OGP Commitments: An Analysis’, prepared for the Fiscal Openness Working Group (FOWG) meeting in Mexico City, on 27-29 October 2015, at http://www.fiscaltransparency.net/resources/6 A revised approach to tagging budget transparency commitments is currently being introduced by the OGP Support Unit. Previously, the OGP assigned the code for budget transparency to commitments that cover citizens’ budgets, or participatory budgeting. From October 2017, commitments are being tagged as budget transparency in the following sub-categories: disclosure of fiscal information; public participation with respect to fiscal policy; and oversight of fiscal policy (covering both legislative oversight and the activities of the Supreme Audit Institution). Public procurement, and public services will continue to be tagged separately in the OGP Explorer from the budget transparency category.

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parameters identified by the OGP Support Unit have been included either in the mapping or in the analysis of results:

• Whether each commitment involves sub-national government;

• Whether a commitment refers to anti-corruption;

• Whether a commitment formally engages the private sector, or the media;

• Whether a commitment represents an attempt to institutionalise and embed open government reforms.

These parameters are important also specifically with respect to fiscal transparency and accountability (the first two were included in previous GIFT mappings).

Box 1: The mapping of fiscal transparency commitments

All the commitments in the 2016-2018 Action Plans of seventeen countries in the OGP Americas region have been assessed for relevance to fiscal transparency as defined by GIFT. As noted, this includes, in addition to the annual budget cycle, transparency, public participation and accountability with respect to tax and expenditure policies that transcend the annual budget cycle, as well as public service delivery and public investment management (including procurement).

All the fiscal transparency commitments identified have then been mapped against GIFT’s ten High-Level Principles of Fiscal Transparency, Participation and Accountability.

They have also been mapped against three cross-cutting categories (sub-national government, anti-corruption, and ICT). Note that many commitments have been mapped to more than one High-Level Principle and/or cross-cutting category. This is to make it easier for readers to find commitments in their specific fields of interest.

For instance, all commitments that refer to sub-national government have been mapped both to that category, and to the specific topic category(s) to which they also relate. For example, a commitment to support wider public participation in budgeting at subnational level has been coded both to public participation (HLP 10) and to sub-national government. Many commitments have similarly been categorised both to transparency of outputs (HLP 4) and to public participation (HLP 10). In some cases, a commitment has been mapped to three or four categories, but only where there are specific references to each category in the text of the commitment.

There are a few composite commitments that contain a number of quite distinct sub-components. A summary description of such commitments has been included in one category in full, while some of the sub-components have been included also in other relevant categories. The commitment numbers in Table 2 are just the first level numbers, and do not include the sub-commitment numbers.

The multiple coding of commitments has not been attempted in an exhaustive or comprehensive manner; not all relevant cross-codings are picked up. In view of diminishing returns, it is hoped that something approaching an ’80:20’ result has been attained, so that the bulk of commitments have been coded to all categories that are referred to or inherent in the commitment.

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Table 1 shows which countries in the Americas region have made a commitment against each of the ten GIFT High-Level Principles (HLPs). Note that, because of the scope of two of the Principles (HLPs 3 and 4) and the large number of commitments, they have been disaggregated to give a more fine-grained indication of what the commitments cover.

It is important to note again that many commitments have been mapped to more than one category to aid identification of relevant activities by readers who may be interested in only one or a few specific topics. This means that while there are 115 commitments in table 1, there are only 98 discrete (separate) fiscal transparency commitments.

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Table 1: Pattern of OGP Americas Country Commitments Against GIFT High-Level Principles

GIFT High-Level Principle Page reference

Countries making related OGP commitments Number of commitments

HLP 1 Right to Fiscal Information 14 Costa Rica, Dominican Republic 4HLP 2 Aggregate fiscal policy 14 0HLP 3: Past/present/forecast fiscal information.Of which:

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3a) Budget transparency general 14 Canada, Colombia, Honduras, Guatemala, Panama, Uruguay 103b) Fiscal Reporting 15 Argentina, Panama, Peru 63c) Revenues general 16 Canada, Guatemala, Uruguay 33d) Natural resource revenues 16 Canada, Colombia, Peru, USA 53e) External financing 16 Canada, USA 23f) Public investment mgmt. 17 Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay, USA 93g) Open fiscal data 17 Colombia, Guatemala, Uruguay, USA 53h) SDGs 18 USA 1HLP 4: Outputs and outcomes.Of which:

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4a) Performance information 18 Canada, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Uruguay, USA 84b) Social monitoring 19 Colombia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, USA 17HLP 5: Legal Framework 20 Honduras, Panama 7HLP 6: Govt./private sector 21 Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Peru, Uruguay 10HLP 7: Clarity of roles 22 El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, USA 5HLP 8: Legislative oversight 22 Panama 1HLP 9: Independent audit 23 Costa Rica 1HLP 10: Public participation 23 Colombia, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, USA 21

Total 115Total discrete FTPA commitments7 98

7 This adjusts the total of fiscal transparency commitments to reflect that many commitments are relevant to and have been coded to more than one High-Level Principle.

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GIFT High-Level Principle Page reference

Countries making related OGP commitments Number of commitments

Cross-cutting commitmentsA Subnational government 24 Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Uruguay, USA 8B Anti-corruption 25 Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, USA 14C ICT 26 El Salvador, Honduras 3

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Graphs 1 and 2 illustrate the patterns of commitments against the HLPs.

Graph 1: Commitments by GIFT High-Level Principle

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Graph 2: Commitments within High-Level Principle 3:past, present, forecast fiscal information

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The graphs highlight some patterns:

Most of the commitments are related to HLP 3 (disclosure of past, present and forecast fiscal information), HLP 4 (transparency of outputs, mainly of public services), and HLP 10 (direct public participation in fiscal policy design and implementation). The last two areas reflect two of GIFT’s current priority areas of focus.

Within HLP 3, most commitments are on general budget transparency, followed by public investment, fiscal reporting, and revenue transparency.

The areas with minimal or no commitments are transparency of macro-fiscal policy (HLP 3), legislative oversight (HLP 8), and independent audit (HLP 9). These are some of the key areas of fiscal transparency and accountability. The reasons are likely due to legislatures and SAIs not generally being directly engaged in the OGP process within member countries.

In terms of the proportions of these countries’ action plans that are made up of fiscal transparency commitments, graph 3 displays the percentages for each country, and for the total.8

Graph 3 shows that fiscal transparency, participation and accountability commitments comprise 32% of total commitments in these action plans (98 out of 309). This ranges from 20% for Argentina and Uruguay, to 60% for Paraguay.

A previous GIFT analysis assessed the first fifty-one OGP Action Plans, based on the first IRM report for each of the 51 countries, making it a completely different set of Action Plans than those analysed in this paper. That paper identified a total of 378 commitments relating to fiscal transparency, which was 33% of all commitments in that set of Plans. Forty eight of the fifty-one countries had fiscal transparency commitments, ranging from 0% (Chile and Panama) to 100% (Guatemala).9

8 It is recognized however that the definition of commitments varies widely within and across Action Plans, reducing the comparability of data on commitments. For instance, one may country may have a larger number of relatively narrowly-specified commitments, while another may have a smaller number of broader and more significant commitments. No attempt has been made here to assess the relative ‘weight’ of fiscal transparency commitments across countries in the region; the assessment is limited to comparing the number of FTPA commitments as defined in country Action Plans.9 ‘Fiscal Transparency in Open Government Partnership Countries, and the Implementation of OGP Commitments: An Analysis’, prepared for the Fiscal Openness Working Group (FOWG) meeting in Mexico City, on 27-29 October 2015, at http://www.fiscaltransparency.net/resources/

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Uruguay

USA

Colombia

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Total number of commitments Number of FTPA Commitments

Graph 3: Fiscal transparency commitments as share of total commitments

The average share of FTPA commitments in total commitments in country action plans remains very similar at just under the one third level. However, the range of country share of FT commitments in total commitments is much narrower in this data set (20-60%, versus 0% to 100% in the earlier data set).

It is important to recall that experience in the OGP is that the degree of actual implementation of commitments in Action Plans is highly variable across countries, and is disappointingly low.

Figure 1 presents data on rates of completion of fiscal transparency commitments from the first 51 IRM reports. It shows that 52% of commitments were rated by the independent reviewers as either completed only to a limited extent, not started, or unclear or withdrawn.

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8723%

9425%127

34%

4311%

267%

Figure 1: Total Fiscal Transparency Com-mitments by Level of Completion

in first 51 IRM reports

Completed

Substantially Comleted

Limited Completion

Not Started

Unclear and Withdrawn

Improving implementation rates of fiscal transparency commitments and their impacts remains a crucial objective for the OGP.

A future GIFT report will assess how well the fiscal transparency commitments in these current Action Plans have been implemented, using information and data in the yet-to-be published IRM reports for these countries.

Table 2 starting on page 14 displays the commitment number in the original country action plan (for ease of reference), together with a short description of each activity (an often heavily summarised version of the commitment as it appears in the OGP Explorer), grouped first under the relevant GIFT High-Level Principle. Table 2 also indicates whether each Action Plan is that country’s first, second, third, or fourth plan (the number in brackets under the country name).

Table 2 also contains, in addition to mapping by the ten HLPs, three additional cross-cutting categories: A) Sub-national government: 8 commitmentsB) Anti-corruption: 14 commitments

10 Based on data in the first 51 IRM reports, see ‘Fiscal Transparency in Open Government Partnership Countries, and the Implementation of OGP Commitments: An Analysis’, prepared for the Fiscal Openness Working Group (FOWG) meeting in Mexico City, on 27-29 October 2015, at http://www.fiscaltransparency.net/resources/

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C) Commitments involving use of information and communication technologies (ICT): 3 commitments.

There are at least fifteen commitments that involve engagement of the private sector. These are the five EITI-related commitments, and the ten procurement-related commitments.

Approaches that attempt to institutionalise reforms include the seven commitments under HLP 5 (legal framework for public financial management), three or four commitments across a number of principles that involve creating or strengthening governance bodies or introducing new elements in standard operating procedures, and some commitments that refer to adhering to international fiscal transparency standards (e.g. EITI, Open Contracting).

In addition, it is interesting to note that there are some references to improving country performance on international standards, norms, or assessment instruments e.g. the Open Budget Index, the IMF’s Fiscal Transparency Code, and the OECD Global Tax Transparency Forum Standard, and GIFT’s Principles of Public Participation in Fiscal Policy.11

There are no commitments related to freedom of the media.

GIFT’s strategy of ‘putting the citizen at the centre of fiscal openness’

It is interesting to note that there are numerous commitments that involve either improving public services, or increasing citizen engagement in fiscal policy, or both (see commitments under HLP 4 and HLP 10 in Table 2).

Some of these relate to transparency and accountability at the level of the individual service delivery unit e.g. school or health centre – the point of direct contact between citizens and state.

For example:

Uruguay: commitment 6: school maintenance plans will be carried out with the participation of the school community (teachers, students, parents and neighbours).

El Salvador: commitment 15, promote social control and access to public information concerning the budget and its implementation in the field of education at the national level, allocations made by department and municipalities to the Schools. All this will make accountability exercises much more participatory and not subject to the discretion of the Directors or members of the CDE. An element in the fight against corruption.

Honduras: commitment 7, ensure access to systematized information by each service provider unit (educational centres) containing relevant data for the processes

11 Commitments in Guatemala’s Action Plan refer to all of these: achieving progress in application of budget methodology and guidelines in the IMF FTC as assessed in the Fiscal Transparency Evaluation; promoting citizen participation in key stages of the budget through mechanisms that reflect the GIFT Participation Principles; increase score on the OBI; and efforts to comply with OECD Global Tax Transparency Forum Standard.

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of planning and social monitoring to the plans. The commitment includes the systematization of the information per service provider unit and make available at the local level to support planning and monitoring processes, monitoring or social auditing.

Honduras: commitment 8, implement initiatives of transparency and citizen participation aimed at verifying the delivery and distribution of medicines and supplies, allowing the monitoring of the levels of supply in the main hospitals of the country.

Other relevant commitments in this regard include:

Canada: commitment 7, Embed Transparency Requirements in the Federal Service Strategy. Why do this: Excellence in service delivery is at the core of citizens’ expectations for their governments. For a government to truly be open and accountable, it must deliver responsive services and be transparent on results. How will it be done: The Government is developing a Service Strategy that will transform service design and delivery across the public service, putting clients at the centre.

USA: commitment 7, Open311 is a shared open platform that will help reduce the burden for citizens navigating between local and federal government services and report problems.

Issues for discussion on public service delivery:

1. What lessons are being learned about how to create greater transparency of public services at the individual service unit level e.g. the budget and service quality of a school, hospital?

2. What is the scope for promoting more direct engagement between the local

community and the local public service provider e.g. school, health facility? What mechanisms of citizen participation appear to be most promising?

Two other areas of importance to ‘putting the citizen at the centre of fiscal openness’ are:

Open fiscal data: there are five commitments in this area, relating to open contracting data, or, in the case of the USA, making all federal spending available in open data formats.

Tax transparency and accountability: there are five commitments relating to EITI, and three others relating to general revenue transparency. One of these, commitment 20 in Guatemala’s Action Plan, is a multi-dimensional commitment in response to major loss of integrity in the Tax Administration Authority: “Promote tax transparency by establishing mechanisms that facilitate access to tax information in open data formats, modernizing the taxpayer registry, publishing the SAT's institutional results against the goals set out in its work plan 2016-2020, publication of studies on tax evasion, provide tax collection information by region and

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department, and continuing efforts to comply with the OECD’s Global Tax Transparency Forum Standard. Citizen tax morale improves.’

Other notable commitments:

Panama: commitment 4, publish in detail the use of funds from public funding allocated to political parties and independent candidates within 6 months of election.

USA: commitment 34, To advance participatory budgeting in the United States, the White House will work with communities, non-profits, civic technologists, and foundation partners to develop new commitments that will expand the use of participatory budgeting.

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Table 2: GIFT: Mapping of OGP Americas Country Budget Transparency Commitment Summaries

against the GIFT High-Level Principles

High-Level Principle

#

Country (Action Plan #) Commitment Number and Summary of Activity

HLP 1: Right to fiscal information

Costa Rica (2)

1) Establish the general standards and the adaptation of the technological platforms of the institutions, to open the information of: public budgets, public purchases, impact indicators and information requested with frequency by the Civil Society.

Costa Rica (2)

4) An interactive platform containing the organizational, budgetary and administrative information of public institutions will be implemented.

Costa Rica(2)

12) Institutions developing infrastructure projects will publish accessible information on: stage 1: project identification, stage 2: project preparation; stage 3: Contracting; stage 4, stage 5: completion of project. Institutions must provide additional information in response to citizen requests.

Dominican Republic

(3)

2) General Law 200-04 on Free Access to Public Information states that all entities receiving public funds must have administrative information freely accessible on websites. Objective: To strengthen municipal management through the availability of public information; municipalities have had a low average in the implementation of the regulations, which translates into barriers to the exercise of the right to information.

HLP 2: Aggregate fiscal policy

None

HLP 3: Past, present and forecast fiscal informationa) Budget transparency general

Canada(3)

10) Increase transparency of Budget and other Department of Finance information. Reduce the time lags in releasing the datasets used in the budget and broaden public access to DOF briefing notes for Ministers.

Canada(3)

11) Increase transparency of Grants and Contributions Funding by publishing all payments (not just above a minimum amount), and improve data consistency to allow for increased searchability.

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Colombia(2)

14) Strengthen accountability and transparency in the processes and operations of distribution of resources of the Environmental Compensation Fund (ECA) to the Regional Autonomous Corporations and Sustainable Development Corporations.

Guatemala(3)

15) To disclose the transparent management of the expenses and resources used in disaster risk management and reduction. The opening of spaces for social audit, valuing the participation of civil society and encouraging citizen participation.

Guatemala(3)

16) To promote channels of citizen participation in key stages of the budget process, through open budget forums (the public presentation of the investment proposal, and the audit report). It is sought that CSOs and citizens know and make recommendations on relevant aspects during the budget process, through mechanisms that reflect GIFT’s principles of public participation in fiscal policy.

Guatemala(3)

17) Achieve progress in the application of budget methodology and guidelines in accordance with the IMF Fiscal Transparency Code (as assessed in the Fiscal Transparency Evaluation 2016).

Guatemala(3)

18) To improve the quality, content and timely publication of the 8 documents or budget reports, restructure the fiscal transparency portal and improve the subsystems of the Integrated Administration System Financial (SIAF). Increase score on the Open Budget Index.

Honduras(3)

5) Facilitate access to budgetary information and spaces for dialogue that allows monitoring from civil society to the General Budget of the Republic. Mechanisms for dialogue and interaction between authorities and CSOs that allow access to information and citizen participation during the formulation and execution of the national budget e.g. public hearing or discussion tables that meet periodically.

Panama (2)

2) To make known to the public the management of each public institution, including its Work Plan and budget execution of programs and investment projects. Minimum six-monthly publication of a report of accountability.

Uruguay (3)

8) Web site with information on planning, budget and results, which is built in conjunction with users.

HLP 3: b. Fiscal reporting12

Argentina (2)

8) Regular publication of reliable consolidated statistical series on social security.

Argentina(2)

12) Publication of web platform with mapping of productive development policies and their beneficiaries, using data of the Ministry of Production.

Argentina(2)

15) Publish information on public funds of the Ministry of Culture.

Panama(2)

2) Minimum six-monthly publication of accountability report, detailing the degree of progress with regard to the plan of work and use of resources.

Panama(2)

4) Publish in detail the use of funds from public funding allocated to political parties and independent candidates within 6 months of election.

Peru(2)

13) To have an instrument that allows the identification of public expenditure for children (directly or indirectly), which has an interinstitutional consensus and provides up-to-date information for follow-up and decision-making.

HLP 3:

12 Reporting of natural resource revenues is in category HLP3d below.

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c. Revenues general

Canada (3)

22) Undertake public consultations and engagement to support improved access to high-value, statistical tax data and publications, increased fairness of the rules governing charities’ political activities, and better understanding of factors affecting the low rates of benefit uptake.

Guatemala(3)

20) Promote tax transparency by establishing mechanisms that facilitate access to tax information in open data formats, modernizing the taxpayer registry, publishing the SAT's institutional results against the goals set out in its work plan 2016-2020, publication of studies on tax evasion, provide tax collection information by region and department, and continuing efforts to comply with the OECD’s Global Tax Transparency Forum Standard. Citizen tax morale improves.

Uruguay(3)

8) To publish statistics and reports of the foreign trade customs operations on the DNA website.

HLP 3:d. Natural resource revenues

Canada(3)

17) Implement the Extractive Sector Transparency Measures Act (ESTMA) that requires the reporting of certain payments made to governments related to the commercial development of oil, gas, and minerals

Colombia(2)

8) Promote the effective use of EITI information, training, awareness-raising and capacity-building in the citizenship, local authorities and social organizations - national, territorial and local. Promote mechanisms for public accountability around the value chain.

Colombia(2)

11) Increase transparency of royalties’ resources. Universalize the access, visualization and georeferenced consultation of the information regarding the assignments, status of execution, progress of the works associated with execution of resources of all sources of public investment (PGN, SGP and SGR). Develop a model of participation in the cycle of investment projects financed with royalties’ resources, training of citizens to promote the social control of royalties resources and the realization of visible audits and of citizen audits.

Peru(2) 6) To inform the population about the destination of the resources for the exploitation of natural resources that is realized in their region.

USA(3) 31) Publish the first United States EITI report in 2015, and achieve EITI compliance no later than 2017.

HLP 3: e. External financing

Canada(3)

18) Work with international partners to increase the transparency of international development funding, and to share skills and knowledge with developing countries to ensure that everyone can reap the benefits of open government.

USA(3)

33) Improve the quality and enhance the use of U.S. foreign assistance information on ForeignAssistance.gov

HLP 3:

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f. Public Investment Management

Colombia(2)

11) Universalize the access, visualization and georeferenced consultation of the information regarding the assignments, status of execution, progress of the works and other relevant information associated to the execution of resources of all sources of public investment (PGN, SGP and SGR).

Colombia(2)

13) Social Map will be strengthened, a virtual platform providing georeferenced information on supply and demand of social projects in the country: mapping of private sector projects, public sector projects, Public Private Partnerships, social needs, and good practices of social investment.

Costa Rica(2)

12) Institutions developing infrastructure projects will publish accessible information on: stage 1: project identification, stage 2: project preparation; stage 3: Contracting; stage 4, stage 5: completion of project. Institutions must provide additional information in response to citizen requests.

Mexico(3)

7) Publish accessible information to reduce the vulnerability and risks associated with the effects of climate change (atlas of risk SEGOB, atlases of vulnerability of the INECC, projects registered in the National Infrastructure Program, environmental change assessments, land use change permits, etc.), through the Inter-sectoral Commission on Climate Change.

Paraguay (3)

3) Create new systems of social monitoring of public works, complaints about services and complaints.

Uruguay(3)

5) Publish open data of the DNI showing the execution of the investment projects promoted under Law 16,906. Publish the subsidies that are granted, and the projects evaluated from the DNI.

Uruguay(3)

6) Unifying in a single tool and repository the information of the different pillar areas of PAEPU, in construction of new schools and maintenance, equipment and teacher training, in the form of a scoreboard. Have a visualization tool with easy access to the citizens of the process of construction, management and results of the works designed and built by PAEPU. Maintenance Plans will be carried out with the participation of the educational community: teachers, students, parents and neighbours.

Uruguay(3)

12) Develop portal that allows monitoring of strategic projects carried out by the Departmental Government of Montevideo.

USA(3)

11) In September 2015, the Office of Management and Budget and Council on Environmental Quality issued guidance directing the 11 Federal agencies that play a significant role in permitting, review, funding and development of large-scale infrastructure projects to begin developing coordinated project review schedules and posting them publicly on the Federal Infrastructure Permitting Dashboard by 2016. Expanding use of the Dashboard to infrastructure projects involving complex permitting processes and significant environmental effects will improve communication with project applicants and sponsors, increase interagency coordination, and increase the transparency and accountability of the Federal permitting and environmental review process.

HLP 3:g. Open fiscal data

Colombia(2)

2) The strengthening of the electronic procurement system (SECOP I and II) will continue through online procurement. Implementation of the open recruitment data standard;

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Guatemala(3)

19) To implement the provisions and procedures that update the Guatecompras modules, in accordance with the reforms of the State Procurement Law, and to evaluate the appropriateness of adopting the Open Data Standard for Open Contracts.

Uruguay(3)

8) To implement the National Open Data Plan of Government 2016-2020, including a regulatory framework and a process of implementation of art. 82 of the law 19355 (Law of National Budget - https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/19355-2015/82).

Uruguay(3)

11) Adaptation of the format of the currently published open data to the Open Contracting standard for the Call and Award phases.

USA(3)

32) In 2015, the Budget was made available in an open-source format for the first time. In addition, the Administration finalized data standards as required by the Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2014 (DATA Act). The Administration continues to look for new ways to increase transparency in Federal spending, by improving the quality and consistency of spending data.

HLP 3:j. SDG reporting

USA(3)

41) Continue to work alongside partner governments, private foundations, CSOs, private sector, and multilateral partners on next steps for the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data. Convene interagency stakeholders and consult with civil society to take stock of existing U.S. government data that relates to each of the 17 SDGs, propose strategy for tracking progress toward achieving the SDGs in the United States.

HLP 4: Outputs and outcomesa) Performance orientation13

Canada(3)

7) Embed Transparency Requirements in the Federal Service Strategy Why do this: Excellence in service delivery is at the core of citizens’ expectations for their governments. For a government to truly be open and accountable, it must deliver responsive services and be transparent on results. How will it be done: The Government is developing a Service Strategy that will transform service design and delivery across the public service, putting clients at the centre.

Canada(3)

9) Enhance Openness of Information on Government Spending and Procurement. As part of the Government’s new Policy on Results, mandatory departmental reporting will be re-focused on each department’s long-term mandates as well as their immediate priorities. Related data from planned and actual activities will be searchable online.

Canada(3)

13) Make more high-quality, authoritative, and useable geospatial data available in open formats to support better services to Canadians.

Costa Rica(2)

14) Strengthen the public service culture starting with the elaboration of a handbook on citizens' care and a process of training to implement the principles of Open Government in the dynamic Institutions.

Guatemala(3)

21) To strengthen primary health care following the prohibition of public sector entities from contracting with public resources through NGOs, a modality that allowed manipulation of resources in environment of impunity, opacity and corruption. To know the process of planning and

13 Including service planning, and publication of service delivery information and standards.

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implementation of primary health care emphasizing territorial ordering, resource gaps, financing and budget reorganization and human resource. Honduras

(3)9) To improve the service of drinking water by improving the management of watersheds and expanding the model of supervision and social control at the local level that allows access to information and timely decisions on the provision of water and sanitation services, including a baseline of objectively measured indicators.

Panama(2)

13) Strengthen the participation of citizens in the citizen security programs of the National Police. Create an advisory council composed of the National Police, citizen security programs and representatives of civil society, where new citizen security programs are strengthened and created.

Uruguay(3)

7) Development of a set of indicators, processes and results for monitoring implementation of National Health Objectives.

HLP 4: b) Public services – recipient monitoring and feedback

Colombia(2)

18) A participatory evaluation of the Public Policy on Gender Equality (Conpes 161/13) will be designed, its actions, goals and Budgets, and will be harmonized according to the National Development Plan 2014-2018.

Dominican Republic

(3)

9) Facilitate citizens through a mobile application, report pipe failures and waste water in their sector or locality in the city of Santo Domingo.

El Salvador(4)

7) Public servants will respond to complaints, recommendations or requests concerning public services, within specific deadline and will have to justify their actions, especially when they deviate from current regulations. Use of ICT: The system will be multichannel.

El Salvador(4)

15) Transparency of basic education services through mechanisms for participation and monitoring of the actions of the Education Plan, which allow citizens to generate proposals for solutions to the needs of educational centers, especially those in rural areas. To create a mechanism of social participation and control at the local and / or departmental level, which encourages the monitoring of education policies to improve the quality of public education services and develop proposals for solutions. Promote social control and access to public information concerning the budget and its implementation in the field of education at the national level, allocations made by department and municipalities to the Schools. All this will make accountability exercises much more participatory and not subject to the discretion of the Directors or members of the CDE.

Guatemala(3)

22) Promote citizen participation through the involvement of the educational community in follow-up to the reduction of school failure and the delivery of support programs, strengthening accountability and transparency.

Honduras(3)

7) Ensure access to systematized information by each service provider unit (educational centers) containing relevant data for the processes of planning and social monitoring to the plans. The commitment includes the systematization of the information per service provider unit and make available at the local level to support planning and monitoring processes, or social auditing.

Honduras(3)

8) Implement initiatives of transparency and citizen participation through ICT aimed at verifying the delivery and distribution of medicines and supplies, allowing the monitoring of the levels of supply in the main hospitals of the country.

Honduras(3)

9) To improve the service of drinking water by creating and strengthening Local Supervision and Control Units (USCL), which are integrated by community members at the municipal level, so that within the framework of the citizen participation mechanism approved by the regulator

19

(ERSAPS), they exercise Supervision and control of the provision of water and sanitation services at the local level.Panama

(2)14) Implement law 44 of August 5, 2002 that creates the Committees of Watersheds. Name twenty-five (25) Watershed Committees.

Panama(2)

16) Expand the mechanisms of monitoring and follow-up of the cases reported to the Citizen Care Center (311) through technological tools and management processes.

Paraguay(3)

3) Creation of new systems of social monitoring of public services, complaints about services.

Paraguay (3)

7) To improve the quality of health services (MSPBS and IPS) through the involvement of citizens in the control of services and resources. Implement quality policy for health services, and open data and public information available for users and professionals.

Paraguay(3)

8) Contribute to the participation and control of citizenship in school food services, the MEC, use of FONACIDE funds and on the offer of student scholarships, with monitoring tools and actions of diffusion and citizen empowerment.

Paraguay(3)

9) To develop citizen participation and control actions for a more transparent and socially auditable implementation for the following social programs: National Social Housing Fund - FONAVIS, Tekoporã, Sustainable Rural Development Project - PRODERS; and to strengthen instances of mixed participation (National Country Strategy Team -ENEP, Private Public Council for Poverty Reduction).

Peru(2)

4) To improve the transparency of users of Social Programs by the State, which is constantly updated and allows to know precisely where the population is served, as well as to promote citizen oversight in the provision of services provided by these programs.

Uruguay(3)

6) Unifying in a single tool and repository the information of the different pillar areas of PAEPU, in construction of new schools and maintenance, equipment and teacher training, in the form of a scoreboard. Have a visualization tool with easy access to the citizens of the process of construction, management and results of the works designed and built by PAEPU. Maintenance Plans will be carried out with the participation of the educational community: teachers, students, parents and neighbors. Systematizing and making accessible to the public the statistical information about the training plan for teachers of full-time schools, their progress and compliance. Publicising opportunities for education of persons with disabilities (national survey on the different educational proposals (formal and non-formal) and human, material and accessibility resources, based on a system of indicators created in a participatory manner with all the actors involved.

USA(3)

7) Open311 is a shared open platform that allows citizens to find government services and report problems. To reduce the burden of navigating the separation between local and Federal government, the USA.gov Contact Center at the General Services Administration will use Open311 to expand avenues for public participation and provide more transparency in government service delivery across both local and Federal governments. More than a dozen cities have already adopted Open311 and additional cities are committing to implement it including San Diego, Philadelphia, and New York City.

HLP 5: Legal framework

Colombia(2)

12) This commitment is part of the Institutional Strengthening Project, led by the DNP, instruments for good governance will be provided, to promote the implementation of Law 1712 of 2014, as a preventive element of acts Of corruption; And to disseminate the Single Manual of Accountability. Additionally, a baseline of accounting, financial, budgetary and contractual information systems will be created in the territorial entities, open to the public, as an action to strengthen the Economic Transparency Portal.

Guatemala(3)

19) To implement the provisions and procedures that update the Guatecompras modules, in accordance with the reforms of the State Procurement Law.

20

Honduras(3)

6) Develop new module for the dissemination of the Honducompras platform in order to facilitate the access and search of information, on the part of the citizens, in the portal regarding public purchases. It includes legal reforms to ensure that procurement processes include citizen participation (eg opening tenders in public, commenting on bidding documents, etc.).

Panama(2)

5) Detect the legal gaps that allow unlicensed public servants to handle state funds. Create mechanisms that do not allow the allocation and use of state funds by public servants and generate the respective controls.

Panama(2)

7) Consider expanding the channels of participation within the Budget Committee of the National Assembly. Revision of article 81 of the internal regulations of the National Assembly.

Uruguay(3)

5) Publish open data of the DNI showing the execution of the investment projects promoted under Law 16,906. Publish the subsidies that are granted and the projects evaluated from the DNI.

Uruguay(3)

8) To implement the National Open Data Plan of Government 2016-2020, including a regulatory framework and a process of implementation of art. 82 of the law 19355 (Law of National Budget - https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/19355-2015/82).

HLP 6: Govt/ private sector- procurement

Canada(3)

9) Enhance Openness of Information on Government Spending and Procurement. As part of the Government’s new Policy on Results, mandatory departmental reporting will be re-focused on each department’s long-term mandates as well as their immediate priorities. Related data from planned and actual activities will be available on a searchable online database that will provide quick and easy access to detailed information on government spending and people management.

Colombia(2)

2) The strengthening of the electronic procurement system (SECOP I and II) will continue through online procurement; The development of the intelligent Virtual Agent system for the FAQ (S2); The implementation of the open recruitment data standard; And the establishment of the profile of the public purchaser and the training and certification program for the latter. Through the use of innovative technologies, it is sought to increase the amount of information published by contracting entities, to increase the number of entities that are currently publishing their public procurement processes, including non-obligatory subjects that voluntarily decide to do so, and to improve accessibility.

Costa Rica(2)

12) Institutions that develop infrastructure projects will provide in a freely accessible way, the information of the process in stages: stage 1: identification of the project, stage 2: preparation of the project, stage 3: Contracting; stage 4, stage 5: completion of the project.

Dominican Republic

(3)

3) Expand the Transactional Portal of Public Procurement so as to automate everything related to the purchasing process, requirements, offers, specifications, etc. of the municipal councils.

Guatemala(3)

19) To implement the provisions and procedures that update the Guatecompras modules, in accordance with the reforms of the State Procurement Law, and to evaluate the appropriateness of adopting the Open Data Standard for Open Contracts, guaranteeing transparency and surrender of counts. To standardize the formats for the different modalities of acquisitions of the State, and implement the electronic reverse auction and the General Register of State Acquisitions.

Honduras(3)

6) Develop new module for the dissemination of the Honducompras platform in order to facilitate the access and search of information, on the part of the citizens, in the portal regarding public purchases. It includes legal reforms to ensure that procurement processes in their different stages will include citizen participation (eg opening tenders in public, commenting on bidding documents, etc.).

Panama 6) Identification by the executive of the mechanisms that allow corruption within the rules of public procurement.

21

(2)Peru(2)

5) Improve SEACE for its efficient use, with friendly information of similar processes, simplifying the search of processes of contracting of the public entities and making available information of potential suppliers at national level.

Peru(2)

9) Contribute to the improvement of the management and accountability of the PNAE "Qali Warma" Food Procurement and Distribution Program.

Uruguay(3)

11) Adaptation of the format of the currently published open data to the Open Contracting standard for the Call and Award phases. Determination of the set of agencies of the State that, through activity 1 and ensuring the publication of the necessary information, reach the level of maturity 4 of the standard for the phases Call and Adjudication. Dissemination activities. Support to user workshops.

HLP 7: Clarity of roles

El Salvador(4)

15) Transparency of basic education services through mechanisms for participation and monitoring of the actions of the Education Plan. Promote social control and access to public information concerning the budget and its implementation in the field of education at the national level, allocations made by department and municipalities to the Schools. All this will make accountability exercises much more participatory and not subject to the discretion of the Directors or members of the CDE.

Guatemala(3)

21) To strengthen primary health care following the prohibition of public sector entities from contracting with public resources through NGOs, a modality that allowed manipulation of resources in environment of impunity, opacity and corruption. To know the process of planning and implementation of primary health care emphasizing territorial ordering, resource gaps, financing and budget reorganization and human resource.

Honduras(3)

7) Ensure access to systematized information by each service provider unit (educational centers) containing relevant data for the processes of planning and social monitoring to the plans. The commitment includes the systematization of the information per service provider unit and make available at the local level to support planning and monitoring processes, or social auditing.

Panama(2)

2) To make known to the public the management of each public institution, including its Work Plan and budget execution of programs and investment projects. Minimum six-monthly publication of a report of accountability.

USA(3)

7) Open311 is a shared open platform that allows citizens to find government services and report problems. To reduce the burden of navigating the separation between local and Federal government, the USA.gov Contact Center at the General Services Administration will use Open311 to expand avenues for public participation and provide more transparency in government service delivery across both local and Federal governments. More than a dozen cities have already adopted Open311 and additional cities are committing to implement it including San Diego, Philadelphia, and New York City.

HLP 8: Legislative Oversight

Panama(2)

7) Consider expanding the channels of participation within the Budget Committee of the National Assembly. Revision of article 81 of the internal regulations of the National Assembly.

HLP 9: Independent Audit

Costa 9) Publish the reports on the recommendations of the Internal Audits and the compliance of the Active Administration of the State, as well as the

22

Rica14

(2)supporting data of the audit evaluations. The CGR’s Institutional Management Indexes and Municipal Management Index will be requested that this action be considered as part of the elements to be evaluated.

HLP 10:Public participation

Colombia(2)

11) A model of citizen participation in the cycle of investment projects financed from royalties will be designed and implemented, including training of citizens to promote the social control of royalties’ resources and the realization of visible audits and of citizen audits.

Colombia(2)

18) A participatory evaluation of the Public Policy on Gender Equality (Conpes 161/13) will be designed, its actions, goals and Budgets, and will be harmonized according to the National Development Plan 2014-2018.

Dominican Republic

(3)

5) To have a space for citizen-government interaction, where citizens can make proposals to the national budget before being presented to the executive branch. This portal will have as its purpose that citizens through it interact with the competent authorities and who can make proposals to the public budget, audit budget execution, evaluate efficiency of spending, etc.

Guatemala(3)

15) To disclose the transparent management of the expenses and resources used in disaster risk management and reduction. The opening of spaces for social audit, valuing the participation of civil society and encouraging citizen participation.

Guatemala(3)

16) To promote channels of citizen participation in key stages of the budget process, through open budget forums (the public presentation of the investment proposal, and the audit report). It is sought that civil society organizations and citizens in general know and make recommendations on relevant aspects during the budget process, through mechanisms that reflect GIFT’s principles of public participation in fiscal policy.

Guatemala(3)

22) To provide students with the necessary inputs in the teaching-learning process (food and school supplies), as well as to reduce school failure, by promoting citizen participation through the involvement of the educational community in follow-up to the reduction of school failure and the delivery of support programs.

Honduras(3)

6) Develop new module for the dissemination of the Honducompras platform in order to facilitate the access and search of information, on the part of the citizens, in the portal regarding public purchases. It includes legal reforms to ensure that procurement processes include citizen participation (eg opening tenders in public, commenting on bidding documents, etc.).

Honduras(3)

7) Ensure access to systematized information by each service provider unit (educational centers) containing relevant data for the processes of planning and social monitoring to the plans.

Honduras(3)

8) Implement initiatives of transparency and citizen participation through use of aimed at verifying the delivery and distribution of medicines and supplies, allowing the monitoring of the levels of supply in the main hospitals of the country.

Honduras(3)

9) To improve the service of drinking water by improving the management of watersheds and expanding the model of supervision and social control at the local level that allows access to information and timely decisions on the provision of water and sanitation services.

Mexico(3)

3) Building the Integral Social Information System with the participation of a committee of independent experts as a single, objective and accessible repository of socioeconomic information of the potential population and served by social development programs.

14 While this appears to relate only to internal audit rather than external/independent audit by the SAI, it is included because of its potential to contribute to the effectiveness of independent audit.

23

Panama(2)

7) Consider expanding the channels of participation within the Budget Committee of the National Assembly.

Panama(2)

13) Strengthen the participation of citizens in the citizen security programs of the National Police. Create an advisory council composed of the National Police, citizen security programs and representatives of civil society, where new citizen security programs are strengthened and created.

Panama(2)

14) Implement law 44 of August 5, 2002 that creates the Committees of Watersheds. Name twenty-five (25) Watershed Committees.

Paraguay(3)

4) Problem: The limited institutional mechanisms of accountability, timely reports and data on public expenditure and the difficulty of accessing electronic goods and services offered by the state constitute obstacles to citizen participation in public management. Objective: Increased accountability and improved results management system through citizen participation. Brief description: Making available, improving information and mechanisms for accountability for citizenship

Paraguay(3)

7) To improve the quality of health services (MSPBS and IPS) through the involvement of citizens in the control of services and resources. Description: Implementation of quality policy for health services, and open data and public information available for users and professionals.

Paraguay(3)

8) Information on FONACIDE (National Fund for Public Investment and Development), with monitoring tools and citizen empowerment.

Paraguay(3)

9) To develop citizen participation and control actions for a more transparent and socially auditable implementation for the following social programs: National Social Housing Fund Sustainable Rural Development Project and to strengthen instances of mixed participation.

Peru(2)

11) To allow easy access and understanding of the information provided by the holders of public entities on the management of resources, as well as on the decisions taken, responding to the citizens for the management and results, being able to be subject of social control.

Uruguay(3)

6) School maintenance plans will be carried out with the participation of the educational community: teachers, students, parents and neighbors.

USA(3)

34) To advance participatory budgeting in the United States, the White House will work with communities, non-profits, civic technologists, and foundation partners to develop new commitments that will expand the use of participatory budgeting. As a first step, the White House will convene an action-oriented Participatory Budgeting Workshop in 2015 to garner commitments that support community decision-making for certain projects using public funds.

Cross-cutting:A. Sub-national government

Colombia(2)

14) Strengthen accountability and transparency in the processes and operations of distribution of resources of the Environmental Compensation Fund (ECA) to the Regional Autonomous Corporations and Sustainable Development Corporations.

El Salvador(4)

1) To increase the levels of transparency in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the different social programs that are executed as part of the Law of Development and Social Protection, to help reduce clientelism or the discretion that in some municipalities may be given at the time of the selection of beneficiaries or the support of the same within the program.

Guatemala(3)

To implement standardized tools and procedures to improve the accountability of local governments, to promote transparency in the management of public resources. Agreements between the CGC and the Municipalities for the design and operation of standardized and easily understood tools and procedures: information on the use of public funds, results achieved and unmet goals of their work plans. This information

24

must be presented both to the Comptroller General of Accounts and to the public to promote citizen monitoring. Honduras

(3)4) Design in a participatory manner the Municipal Transparency Index, which will be generated by an Independent Observatory and will take into account compliance with at least the SJDHGD standardized protocol of accountability. It also includes the creation and implementation of a dialogue table in which information on the municipal budget execution is provided to the Citizen Commissions of Transparency and other CSOs.

Uruguay(3)

12) Facilitate access to the information of the Budget of the Intendance of Montevideo with graphical tools that promote citizen understanding of the final accounts.

Uruguay(3)

12) Monitor and report the fulfilment of the objectives and the obligations for the development of the public works that are developed in the Intendance of Montevideo financed through the Capital Fund (specific contracting and the plan of works).

Uruguay(3)

12) The Intendencia de Maldonado and DATA Uruguay will put in place an alliance in order to install a monitoring platform for public services for the city of Maldonado. The parties will determine the public services to be initially included in the platform and will be gradually increased during the project. Train citizens in the use of the platform and involve citizens in evaluation.

USA(3)

7) Open311 is a shared open platform that can be integrated either online through a city’s website or via a smartphone application. It allows citizens to find government services and report problems in the open. To reduce the burden of navigating the separation between local and Federal government, the USA.gov Contact Center will use Open311 to expand avenues for public participation and provide more transparency in government service delivery across both local and Federal governments.

USA(3)

34) To advance participatory budgeting the White House will work with communities, non-profits, civic technologists, and foundation partners to develop new commitments. As a first step, the White House will convene an action-oriented Participatory Budgeting Workshop in 2015 to garner commitments that support participatory budgeting.

Cross-cutting: B. Anti-corruption15

Colombia(2)

12) This commitment is part of the Institutional Strengthening Project, led by the DNP, to promote the implementation of Law 1712 of 2014, as a preventive element of acts of corruption; And to disseminate the Single Manual of Accountability. Additionally, a baseline of accounting, financial, budgetary and contractual information systems will be created in the territorial entities, open to the public, as an action to strengthen the Economic Transparency Portal.

El Salvador(4)

7) Citizens, through complaints, recommendations or various requests will contribute to the improvement of public services and reduction in corruption. Public servants will respond to complaints and will have to justify their actions, especially when they deviate from current regulations. There will be a specific deadline to answer the citizens. Use of ICT: The system will be multichannel.

El Salvador(4)

15) Transparency of basic education services through mechanisms for participation and monitoring of the actions of the Education Plan, as an element in the fight against corruption.

Guatemala(3)

21) To strengthen primary health care following the prohibition of public sector entities from contracting with public resources through NGOs, a modality that allowed manipulation of resources in environment of impunity, opacity and corruption. To know the process of planning and implementation of primary health care emphasizing territorial ordering, resource gaps, financing and budget reorganization and human resource.

Panama 6) Identification by the executive of the mechanisms that allow corruption within the rules of public procurement.

15 Commitments are included here only if the text of the commitment explicitly refers to corruption or illegality.

25

(2)Panama

(2)5) Detect the legal gaps that allow unlicensed public servants to handle state funds. Create mechanisms that do not allow the allocation and use of state funds by public servants and generate the respective controls.

Paraguay(3)

3) Insufficient information on the management of complaints about corruption in public administration hinders citizen control. Create new systems of social monitoring of public works, complaints about services.

Paraguay(3)

8) Management and corruption problems are reported in the use of resources from FONACIDE (National Fund for Public Investment and Development). Extension of information related to the use of FONACIDE, with monitoring tools and citizen empowerment.

Cross-cutting:C. ICT

Canada(3)

13) Make more high-quality, authoritative, and useable geospatial data available in open formats to support better services to Canadians.

El Salvador(4)

7) Citizens, through complaints, recommendations or various requests will contribute to the improvement of public services and reduction in corruption. Public servants will respond to complaints and will have to justify their actions, especially when they deviate from current regulations. There will be a specific deadline to answer the citizens. Use of ICT: The system will be multichannel, which will allow citizens to have many means to present them.

Honduras(3)

8) Implement initiatives of transparency and citizen participation through ICT aimed at verifying the delivery and distribution of medicines and supplies, allowing the monitoring of the levels of supply in the main hospitals of the country.

26