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James Rice
Mr. Bailie
English 1001
October 25, 2017
10/04
●
● Always begin your research with things related to the subject by
observing.
○ Meaning go observe, record, take notes, and possibly take
photographs of what your observing. (PG96)
● Observations aren’t always accountable when it comes to using
personal experiences as evidence.
● Questionnaires and surveys are somewhat successful if they are done
right.
○ Ask the right questions
○ Consider what is reasonable
● They are very accessible through electronic devices/ web based.
(PG96/97)
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● The greatest information comes from the source or person itself.
(PG97)
● Interviews are conducted to see exactly what you’re trying to figure
out.
● Big organizations are good for interviewing because you would be able
to talk to multiple staff members for more information,
● Best way to set up an interview is Via email or a telephone call.
● Always be respectful and professional.
● Let the interviewee know that times is very valuable and cannot be
wasted if it doesn’t concern the interview.
● Always electronically record the interviews and have a back up just in-
case one malfunctions.
● Library and internet searching are both good methods to use when
looking up research but always use the best source possible. (PG98)
● Always ask a librarian for help because odds are they know everything
in the library database and in print also.
● Monographs- are sustained arguments on a single subject.
○ Have to know a complete argument to use a monograph.
○ Reading the entire argument or just read introduction in hopes
that it expalins enough for you to understand.
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○ Sometimes there will be a magazine article or journal
summarizing the whole argument.
● Anthologies- A collection of articles and essays by many different
writers selected by an editor to write an introductory essay.
○ Good sources for short papers
○ Offers multiple voices
○ An argument can be read in one sitting
○
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Rollins, Judy A. “Heroin addiction: not a laughing matter.” Pediatric Nursing, May-June
2016, p. 109+. Expanded Academic ASAP, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?
p=EAIM&sw=w&u=ucinc_main&v=2.1&id=GALE
%7CA458187360&it=r&asid=a71f8bc8e6a6e5e47b00b7358d6c4668. Accessed 25 Oct.
2017.
This article talks about how serious heroin addiction is and how it shouldn’t be
made into a joke. In 2016 SNL made a skit about heroin making it a joke. The skit
was about a new product call “heroin AM” which was considered a non drowsy
version of the substance. I’m guessing the tv network didn’t take into
consideration that this kind of subject would offend certain people because of
their experiences with the drug. These experiences include family members
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addicted to the drug, death because of the drug, and being an ex-addict which is
the reason they should have second guessed what they were doing.
In 2007, the number of people using heroin was roughly 380,000 compared to
the huge jump in user in the year of 2014 which spike to a little over 900,000.
This jump in numbers was mainly because of the youths usage with non-medical
prescription which include marijuana, cocaine, Oxycontin, percocet, adderall,
Xanax, etc. Within the past decade,
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deaths have reach epidemic levels if not higher now. This is saying nearly 40-50
people die daily from using prescription drugs. Opioid drug overdoses have
tripled in at least 35 states and the ages range from 12-25.
Recent studies have shown that the usage of non-medical prescriptions are
basically the gateway leading right to heroin alley for youth and young adults.
The ages of 17-18 are the general ages where heroin is tried if the individual was
already introduced to some form of non-medical drugs earlier. Most young adults
switch to the heroin drug because it;s way cheaper than prescription drugs, it’s
almost always available, and it’s stronger than most other drugs. Overdose is
one of the leading causes of death in the US in young adults. Within the past 5
years non-medical prescription overdoses have decreased while the heroin
overdoses have increased by double.
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Effects of snorting heroin/ Effects of using the needle with heroin
Harell, P T, and B E Mancha. “Latent Classes of Heroin and Cocaine Users Predict
Unique HIV/HCV Risk Factors.” Science Direct, Elsevier, 1 May 2012.
Kuramoto, s j, and C A Latkin. “Understanding Subtypes of Inner-City Drug Users with a
Latent Class Approach.” Science Direct, Elsevier, 1 Nov. 2011
Heroin and cocaine are the two drugs cost our country billions because the crime
rate goes up, healthcare, and the loss of productivity. In this study it is said that
a lot of people that
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use heroin also use cocaine although there is no specific reason why. Either
substance can be turned into a liquid and used to inject which also could lead to
serious harm in the future. Using a needle to inject these substances can lead to
the diseases AIDS or Hep C which are life threatening and could lead to an early
death.
The pattern of drug use is very different among different societies. The United
States is one of the only places that mixes heroin and cocaine together forming
what is called “a Speed ball” which is potentially dangerous because it’s
something that can make your heart explode. Crack in the United States is
mainly smoke and rarely injected where as in the United Kingdom, crack is
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mostly injected. Smoking crack vs nasal use is more addictive and it increases
the risk for drug dependence/drug overdose.
According to this article polydrug use is common among inner city societies and
people that abuse drugs. Polydrug use can lead to some serious medical issues
such as psychopathology, HIV/AIDS, Hep C, and in worst cases even overdoses.
It’s said that the HIV risk is higher for people to smoke, snort, and inject crack vs
just injecting it. Using drugs such as these are known as social behaviors
because most of the time they are done together with multiple people.
Prevalence and Correlates of Opiate Overdose among Young Injection Drug Users in a
Large U.S. City.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Elsevier, 11 May 2007,
.Between October 1999 and August 2002 a group of young drug users were
recruited for a
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study. Factors studied were injection and non-injection drug use. Infectious
diseases among the young drug users was also examined. Users needed to be
between the ages 15-30 when enrolling and have use of heroin, crack or cocaine
within the past five years to qualify for the study. Injection use was verified by
injection sites and a series of injection drug related questions. Questionnaires
were also given along with a blood draw at the 6 month and 12 month follow up.
Recruitment was done by ethnographic observation and previous research with
the target population.
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Experienced workers attended community meetings, posted study flyers, and
even approached people on the street to get recruiters for the study. Eligible
participants were only allowed to join if they gave a written informed consent.
They did a base-line survey given by an interviewer, provided information for
follow up visits, had blood drawn, and were given pre-test HIV and Hepatitis C
counseling. Participants were compensated $20 for each assessment completed.
Two weeks after the base-line visit they returned for results and post-test
counseling.
The study was approved by The Committee on Human Research at the John
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and a Federal certificate of
confidentiality was in place to protect the collected data. The base-line and follow
up questionnaires had information on a variety of characteristics, drug use
patterns, and sexual behavior. The study uses data from the base-line survey
and from follow ups. Demographic and drug utilization information was collected
from the latest visits of overdose victims that were reported.
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9/27
Reducing Heroin Use
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Borden, David. “Heroin Maintenance Programs Can Reduce Harm to Addicts and
Society.” Heroin, edited by Stuart A. Kallen, Greenhaven Press, 2006. At Issue.
Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010185220/OVIC?
u=ucinc_main&xid=87f75a15. Accessed 5 Oct. 2017.
This article is about reducing harm when it comes to addicts and using needles.
Drug addicts that use needles often share their needles with one another
because they have no way of getting new clean ones. Put in mind the way
addicts think, they aren’t thinking about getting a serious disease because they
are so worried about getting that high. Sharing needles can lead to some of the
deadliest diseases such as HIV/AIDS and Hep C. Canada is one place that is
moving toward certain treatment plans such as providing addicts with small
doses of heroin and needles to hopefully steer them toward a treatment plan
eventually. This method could be somewhat effective but the USA would
probably have a
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different opinion about it.
Using the treatment program (providing addicts with heroin) in Great Britain,
Switzerland, and the Netherlands have shown some very good results. This kind
of treatment program is very risky because in all reality, it’s still being able to
have the access to use the drug but if you look at the facts, other countries have
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had success with this treatment program. Downtown Vancouver is where a lot of
the major drug users hang and being around that kind of environment will
automatically put you in a dangerous spot. The risk of HIV/AIDS, Hep C,
prostitution for drugs, robbery, and survival all play a part in the destruction the
drug causes.
I think using this treatment plan could possibly work for the United States
because different countries have used it and have been very pleased with the
decrease in illegal heroin use. It seems a little unethical that the programs plan is
to provide addicts with heroin and needles, but this kind of step helps reduce the
risk of certain diseases being spread through shared needles. With the rate that
the United States is going, this program could possibly do our country some
justice and get our economy back on track. This program has the potential to end
the epidemic that our country is facing at this exact moment.
Teen Heroin use
Moon, Eileen. “Teen Heroin Abuse Is a Serious Problem.” Heroin, edited by Stuart A.
Kallen, Greenhaven Press, 2001. At Issue. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,
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link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010185203/OVIC?u=ucinc_main&xid=49e90b84.
Accessed 5 Oct. 2017.
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This article talks about teens and how the use of heroin has skyrocketed
(quadrupled) since the early 1980’s. Heroin was a drug that only poor people
used but now it’s not just in the poor communities. More middle class teeneagers
and kids from wealthier families have started using the drug because of how it’s
portrayed today. A lot of teenagers use because they know someone that does it
or see it as something interesting because of tv. More and more teens are getting
caught in the crossfire with this drug and some may have already gotten the bad
end of the deal. (HIV/AIDS, Hep C, Overdose, or Death)
Realizing that teen heroin abuse is a real problem is the first step in trying to
prevent any future harm it may cause. Since the year of 1998 there have been
multiple teen overdoses across the United states and within some of those
deaths, some drug dealers were indicted in connection. Texas is a place where a
person cannot get charged with murder for someone overdosing which I think is
logical because it’s not the dealers fault the addict did more than necessary.(Not
saying they should have been doing the drug anyway) The dealer would most
likely get charges related to the distribution of drugs and smuggling across the
border. Teenagers between the ages of 17-20 are mainly the ones that fall victim
of heroin overdose and these teens are normally from good hardworking families.
The young adult population is the number one group leading the current heroin
epidemic. Knowing that heroin is around where my kids are growing up sends
chills down my spine. Reading this article made me realize an addict has to fully
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commit to recovery if they want to see a difference. There has been many
different medical drugs created to try and get
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addicts back on the right track. (Suboxone, Methadone, etc) Most users don’t
take into consideration the long term effects of what using heroin does. These
long term effects include broken/collapsed veins, blood infections, heart
problems, constant pain throughout the body, etc.
9/29
When Rehab Might Help An Addict ? But Insurance Won’t Cover It.” Weekend Edition
Sunday, 16 Aug. 2015. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A425971382/OVIC?u=ucinc_main&xid=a705d477.
Accessed 5 Oct. 2017.
This audio file talks insurance companies and how they could do more to help
addicts with treatment. Heroin addiction is among every group which include
whites, blacks, poor areas, suburbs, and most urban areas. Ben Allen from
station WITF talked about how overdoses are at an all time high and insurance
companies are basically coming up short on their end when it comes to drug
treatment. He talks about a man named Anthony Fiore and how his insurance
wouldn’t cover a longer stay leading to him overdosing and dying not to long
after. He mentions that Anthony was addicted to Oxycotin before he was acepted
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into Penn State and shortly moved to the power drug called heroin shortly after .
He also interviews Valerie Fiore (Anthony’s mother), Clare Krusing
(Representative with health insurance), Deb Beck (Representative of a treatment
advocacy group), and Sam Ball (Representative of CasaColumbia) to get their
outlook on the situation about Anthony Fiore.
Interviewing all the different people and getting their point of view on the situation
was a
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great idea because its gives you somewhat of an understanding to why they
could or couldn’t do what was being asked. It was obvious that Anthony needed
additional treatment because he went to two different rehabs within a year and
had not shown any signs of recovery. He went to a 21 day treatment program
that his mother wanted to prolong but the workers told her that the insurance
wouldn’t cover a penny more. Within the next year was in another one but he
only lasted 11 days and shortly after that he ended up overdosing and dying. His
mother argued that her son was worthy of the additional treatment because he
was so bad off and addiction has to be treated like any other medical illness
right?
Valerie Fiore is left dealing with the fact that her son didn’t receive the treatment
he needed and was basically left to fend for himself. No one knows a mother’s
pain after losing a child and knowing that if he would have gotten approved for
additional help that he would still possibly be here. It seems that the care is
limited until someone actually overdoses which is backwards because overdose
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related deaths are what we are trying to prevent. Insurance companies need to
do more background checking on the insuree to assure they are confident with
the decision they made because they wrong decision can have some major
effects.
“Life After a Heroin Overdose.” NYTimes.com Video Collection, 10 Aug. 2014.
Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CT379370288/OVIC?
u=ucinc_main&xid=3ae4ac23. Accessed 5 Oct. 2017.
This video is about A 17 year old named Alex that shockingly overdosed on
heroin at
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home in 2001. He was found by his mother and was immediately rushed to the
hospital where he was in a coma for six weeks. His mother has become his
caretaker through this hard time. She’s been taking care of her son for about 13
years.The overdose caused him to be blind, he lost use of his legs, use of his
arms, and couldn’t speak because he lost so much oxygen to his brain that he
had some kind of brain damage. Before the overdose Alex was a normal kid that
had friends, played sports, arts, and he was into things such as the debate team.
This video shows that the effects of heroin are tremendous. Overdosing is
something can can have a dramatic effect of yourself and the people around you.
Although this video didn’t give much insight on why he did it, or how he was
introduced to it, it still showed that effects can be life changing. For a teen to be a
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functional person in society completely mess their lives up because they wanted
to get high should be the biggest eye opener for anyone. Heroin isn’t something
to play with because in the end you’re not the only person getting hurt.
Watching this video gave me chills because knowing how this event messed up
this teenagers life makes me hurt for his family. His mother has to deal with her
sons disabilities 24/7 now and I know it hurts her deep down because this is
something no parent wants to go through. She keeps her son occupied by taking
him to museums, helping him exercise, practice walking, and he even speaks
more than he did after his overdose. Alex wants to get better so he doesn’t have
to depend on his mom for everything because he knows it hard on her. Recovery
is a big step but within the past 13 years of his mother caring for him he has
made some good progress with her care and help.
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“Opioids and the overdose epidemic.” Choices/Current Health, May 2017, p. 22+.
Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A492465997/OVIC?
u=ucinc_main&xid=8c1fa748. Accessed 5 Oct. 2017.
This magazine article is about the use of opioids and how the overdoses are
causing an epidemic around us. It also mentions the medication Naloxone which
is something that reverses an overdose if used in time. 2015 holds the highest
number of overdose related deaths on record which is not good at all. This article
talks about what opioids are, what specific ones are used for medically, and the
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outcomes if they are used incorrectly. It also mentions how the number of
medical prescriptions have quadrupled since 1999- 2013. Which gives gateway
to the rise in heroin and fentanyl overdoses.
Since the number of prescription drugs have quadrupled that’s a leading door for
the abuser to move straight towards things like heroin because of how cheap it
is. Studies have shown that heroin today is way more powerful and pure than it
was about 30 years ago which is one of the reasons for the increase in overdose
related deaths. Fentanyl is one of the drugs that plays a big part in this epidemic
because majority of the time it’s mixed with heroin which is a very bad
combination.
This epidemic is one of the worst things out country has to deal with. If you think
about it, more people die from overdoses than anything thing else. Even gun
violence, car crashes, and plane crashes couldn’t compare to the amount of
deaths overdoses cause. If for any reason you get prescribed anything with
opioids in it, make sure it’s used as directed and not abuse the substance for
personal gain.
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Fernandez, Sandy M. “‘Heroin took over our town’: what’s it like living in the middle of a
drug epidemic? These teens wish they didn’t know, but they do.” Choices/Current
Health, Nov.-Dec. 2016, p. 6+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A492539113/OVIC?u=ucinc_main&xid=e295f89e.
Accessed 5 Oct. 2017.
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This talks about how over 200 people gathered in New London, Connecticut to
call attention to a certain situation. It explains that within that week at least 20
people had overdosed on heroin which is an outrage if you ask me. Not all of the
overdoses were fatal but that’s not the main point. It explains that heroin isn’t
only affecting the user, it affects everyone and everything around you. It also
explains that our nation’s epidemic crisis started around 2008 because of doctors
giving certain prescriptions out for simple pains such as headaches, sports
injuries,etc.
Doctors handing prescriptions out like it’s candy is just asking for some kind of
major crisis in the long run. Understanding that addiction starts off as using
prescription drugs is the one of the reasons why doctors should reconsider giving
pain meds to everyone claiming to be in pain. Some people got addicted while
being in the hospital on the medications and some people just use them
recreationally because they’re there.
Seeing that doctors could potentially be the cause of the epidemic we are going
through is a thought I can’t really process. Maybe if doctors knew what the
outcome was going to be, they might have taken a different approach with the
medicines they were prescribing. It was a good thing Lisa Cote John founded the
organization “Community Speaks Out” that help families of addicts because not
many people are willing to understand. Lisa founded this organization because
she had lost a son to overdose but when he lost his life, no one
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spoke about it or offered a helping hand.
Monroe, Judy. “A deadly narcotic: heroin.” Current Health 2, a Weekly Reader
publication, Oct. 1996, p. 13+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A18766632/OVIC?u=ucinc_main&xid=6a822dce.
Accessed 5 Oct. 2017.
This article talks about someone named Jeanne that was 17 years old, and had
her life pretty much set out for her. She had a boyfriend named Del and they
loved each other very much but Del had a love for the drug known as heroin.
Jeanne was hooked instantly and become a common addict. She was stealing
from her parents to get high and didn’t really show any remorse for what she was
doing. Del eventually went overboard and overdosed which caused Jeanne to go
to a treatment program.
Heroin use is among one of the biggest tragedies we face as a country. This drug
is something that’s extremely addictive and overdose normally happens because
the individual doesn’t know how pure the drug is or what mixed with it before use.
This drug was considered a 1970’s drug but somehow it’s making a huge
comeback. Heroin use slowed down towards the 1980’s because of the HIV/AID
outbreak but then people started snorting it.
The age of addicts are normally tennager to young adults. The age 17 is the
typical age for a person to experience with heroin if they were previously
introduced to any kind of other drug. Jeanne made the right choice seeking
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treatment after her boyfriend died of an overdose because if she didn’t seek help
he could have been the next overdose victim. There are certain signs to look for
when expecting someone of using heroin: slurred
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speech, nodding out, glossy eyes, and dry lips.