World Health Organization

First Chair: Michael DuganSecond Chair: Christian Rodriguez

Vice Chair: Suzan Kim

WHO

JAMUN IJunior Academy Model UN

Table of Contents

World Health Organization

First Chair: Michael DuganSecond Chair: Christian Rodriguez

Vice Chair: Suzan Kim

Letters from the Chairs …………………………….3History of the Committee …………………………4Topic Introduction: Natural Disasters ……..…….6

Current Situation……………………….…………...11 Regional Bloc Positions ……………………………12 Questions to Consider……………………………..13 Committee Notes and Suggestions…………….14References…………………………………………..15

Contact Your Chairs:

Michael Duganmicdug@bergen.org

Christian Rodriguezchrrod@bergen.org

Suzan Kimsuzkim@bergen.org

Enoch Jiangenojia@bergen.org

Esteemed Delegates,           

I hereby welcome you to the World Health Organization at the first annual Junior Academy Model United Nations Conference! My name is Michael Dugan, and I am a chair of the World Health Organization. I am a Sophomore in the Academy for the Advancement of Science and Technology and I have been doing MUN since the winter of 2014-2015. In that time, I have gone to Model UN conferences in places such as Washington D.C., New York City, New Haven, Connecticut, and Princeton, NJ, as well as some towns within the county Bergen. At these conferences, I have won awards, yes, but the part that I most enjoy about MUN is the debating aspect of MUN and the creation of novel solutions. I hope that the topic chosen for discussion allows for engaging debate in which unique solutions are brought forward which tackle the issues regarding the control of disease after a natural disaster. I encourage delegates to think outside the box and I am excited to see so many middleschoolers come and try MUN. If you wish to ask me any questions regarding the topic, please e -mail me at micdug@bergen.org. I look forward to getting to see you all at JAMUN.

Best Regards,Michael Dugan

First Chair, WHO

Delegates,It is with great enthusiasm that I welcome you to our committee, the World Health

Organization, at the first annual session of the Junior Academy Model United Nations Conference. I want to first thank you all for your hard work and diligence in preparing for the conference in such a short time. As you will come to learn, MUN has quickly become the highlight of my high school experience thus far. Since September, I have participated in six conferences and after winning a gavel at my second conference have received recognition at every conference since. Other than MUN, I am heavily involved in BCA’s policy debate team and the visual arts as a student in The Academy for Visual and Performing Arts, Visual Arts Concentration. The topic we’ve chosen is a personal interest of mine and one I hope will be as intriguing to you all. Do not hesitate to email me at chrrod@bergen.org with any questions or concerns you may have in the coming weeks. I look forward to meeting you all shortly.

Sincerely, Christian Rodriguez

Second Chair, WHO

Dear Delegates,Welcome to the first Junior Academy Model United Nations Conference! I’m Suzan Kim

and will be Vice Chairing our committee, the World Health Organization. Currently, I am a sophomore in the Academy of Business and Finance and am very passionate about all forms of debate. I have participated in several Model UN conferences throughout the course of 2 years, including Academy Model UN, Washington Model UN, and Heschel Model UN. Awards are

Letters from the Chairs

gratifying, but I believe the experience Model UN gives students is exceptionally unique; stimulating real UN committees induces valuable discourse, encourages effective cooperation, and supports education. I enjoy it when delegates are able to come to creative solutions while displaying their ability to communicate and work together with others. I hope the topic we have chosen will be conducive to a fun and productive discussion on a currently very relevant, critical issue—I am very excited! Feel free contact me with questions and/or concerns at suzkim@bergen.org. I look to meeting you all at JAMUN!

Sincerely, Suzan Kim

Vice Chair, WHO

Delegates,

Hello and welcome to the inaugural session of the Junior Academy Model United Nations Conference! My name is Enoch Jiang, and I will be handling all operations in our committee, the World Health Organization. I am currently a sophomore in the Academy for Business and Finance, and was first introduced to Model UN in my freshman year. MUN has never failed to be an exciting and engaging activity for me, and as part of the dais my goal is to bring the best experience possible to all of you. The topic we will debate is that of public health following natural disasters, which is a current and significant issue in today’s world. I look forward to facilitating deep and thoughtful discussion between you delegates in the coming conference. Please, feel free to reach out to me at enojia@bergen.org with any questions, concerns or points of parliamentary procedure at all. I hope to see you all soon, prepared and ready to debate!

Best wishes,Enoch Jiang

Head of Operations, WHO

The World Health Organization was founded in 1946 as the specialized United Nations Agency to combat public health problems across the globe. This international body has many branches dealing with research as well as imposing worldwide health standards. In addition, the World Health Organization sends technical support to countries and oftentimes oversees large public health programs.

Especially in modern times, there is a shared responsibility among every nation in the world to ensure the health of every individual as an inalienable human right. With this in mind, many health issues, such as the Rotavirus and HIV/AIDS, know no borders and are of international concern. The WHO seeks to continuously morph in order to adapt to constantly changing threats faced by the planet. Many problems in the past still linger into modern times, and new threats always are popping up. Therefore, the environment in which the WHO must operate is in a state of fluctuation, which necessitates the continuous reform thereof.

Ever since the inception of the WHO, widespread decimation and eventual eradication of diseases has been a daunting task. A total of two diseases have been eradicated thus far. The first disease eradicated, smallpox, had a devastating effect on humanity since it first came into contact with humans. Smallpox was declared to be eradicated in 1980 by the WHO and marked the end of a seemingly eternal struggle. The second disease eradicated, Rinderpest, was a disease which targeted various forms of wildlife and had the potential to wipe out entire herds of cattle within the span of a fortnight. Despite these two successes, there are many tasks on hand for the WHO.

Throughout the existence of the WHO, diseases have been contained and treated with mixed results. For example, many sexually transmitted diseases are on the rise and are becoming increasingly difficult to treat while HIV/AIDS outbreaks have become more under control. Malaria treatment is still difficult for some species of Plasmodium, yet preventative measures have been put in place to contain its spread. Tuberculosis, the disease which was able to consume millions of lives throughout human history, is increasingly uncommon in wealthy nations and a vaccine for the disease exists. Alas, TB is like most bacterial infections in that it has become increasingly difficult to treat. The WHO also deals with issues such as malnutrition, hunger, reproductive safety, drug abuse, healthy eating, water security, appropriate living conditions, and occupational health.

Finally, the WHO publishes the World Health Report, which is an influential report on public health. This report is the United Nations official Health Report and shows the current state of the world’s health.

History of the Committee

IntroductionThe World Health Organization (WHO) strives to keep global health at continuously

raising standards. Many areas of the world do far exceed the health standards that are put forward, but many lack the capacity to achieve the standards. Therefore, the WHO has, in conjunction with NGOs, sent aid to many countries in order to make the world a more healthy place - by improving public health. Public health encompasses efforts to protect and improve the health of communities as a whole, including the promotion of healthy lifestyles, research into the prevention of injury and disease, and education. Natural disasters disrupt public health systems, often times in violent and lasting ways. While natural disasters destroy medical infrastructure put in place by localities and the WHO alike in conjunction with the UNited Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the stronger a society is and the more resources it has before disaster strikes, the greater resilience that community will show afterwards.

OverviewIn the past, sudden-impact disasters were believed to cause not only widespread death,

but also massive social disruption and outbreaks of epidemic disease and famine, leaving survivors entirely dependent on outside relief. Analysis of the effects of natural disasters on human health has led to different conclusions, both about the effects of disaster on health and about the most effective ways of providing humanitarian assistance.

The term “disaster” usually refers to the natural event (e.g., a hurricane or earthquake) in combination with its damaging effects (e.g., the loss of life or destruction of buildings). “Hazard” refers to the natural event, and “vulnerability” to the susceptibility of a population or system (e.g., a hospital, water supply and sewage system) to the effects of the hazard. The probability that a particular system or population will be affected by hazards is known as the “risk.”As per the Pan American Health Organization Guidelines on Protecting Public Health during Natural Disasters, "risk is a function of the vulnerability and the hazard, and is expressed as follows: Risk = Vulnerability × Hazard."

Though all disasters are unique in that they affect areas with different levels of vulnerability and with distinct social, health, and economic conditions, there are still similarities between disasters. If recognized, these common factors can be used to optimize the management of health humanitarian assistance and use of resources.

Indian Ocean Earthquake-TsunamiGiant forces that had been building up deep in the Earth for hundreds of years were

released suddenly on December 26, shaking the ground violently and unleashing a series of killer waves that sped across the Indian Ocean at the speed of a jet airliner. 150,000 were missing or

Topic Introduction: Natural Disasters

dead in one day and millions were left homeless in 11 countries. The Indian Ocean Tsunami is widely regarded as the most destructive tsunami in modern human history.

The tsunami began as a 9.0 magnitude Earthquake occurring under the Indian ocean off the coast of the Indonesian Island of Sumatra. Along the Burma and Indian tectonic plate line, pressure mounted over hundred of years finally gave in sending shock waves in every direction. The United States Geological Service estimates that the resulting rupture was more than 600 miles long. Along the line of the rupture, ocean water was displaced resulting in a series of killer waves - a tsunami - radiating from the epicenter slamming into coastlines from Africa to Thailand.

Tsunamis may begin as a mere disturbance less than a foot tall in the open ocean, but the energy behind it travels hundred of miles per hour creating incredible momentum and rise in sea level. Eye-witnesses describe 60-foot waves as well as a sudden surge and retreat of water several yards high and hundred of yards inland. Such force decimates everything in its path and then sweeps it away. When the water recedes temporarily, the sea floor is exposed standing wildlife and boats. In Thailand, this phenomenon enticed tourists to explore the scene. Those who knew what was imminent escaped to high ground as fast as possible - Geologists approximate there is only about a five minute window between surges. In India a man told the Associated Press how he saved his village of some 1,500 people because he recalled watching a National Geographic television documentary about tsunamis , and remembered that when the ocean receded it was a sign of danger. He sounded the alarm and led the people to high ground, saving almost the entire village.

Others were not as fortunate; WHO estimates that of the total 280,000 fatalities ⅓ were children not even strong to resist the force of the water. And those who were, were crushed wither by debris or when the sea hurled them against structures. As the day of horror drew to a close and the sea calmed, millions who at the start of their day were going about their daily lives were now struggling with missing or dead relatives, destroyed homes, and shattered lives. The thousands of dead corpses, many hanging in trees or on beaches, began to rot in the tropical heat. With no food or clean water and open wounds, the risk of famine and epidemic diseases was high.

With many hospitals and and health centers destroyed or damaged and medical personnel among the victims, the conditions for a public health crisis were set. With supplies of clean water disrupted or contaminated and sanitation and sewage facilities unoperational, communicable and largely waterborne diseases such as typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, measles, viral fever as well as vector-borne illnesses such as dengue and malaria were quickly identified. Lack of sanitation in overcrowded camps for survivors proved to hotbeds for disease transmission, making them, ironically, high mortality zones. Further, injury-related tetanus from crush injuries became a serious threat later on.

Local and international NGOs and UN agencies were quick to react. Following the disaster, action was directed towards the health risk of disease to survivors; WHO activated the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, resulting in the placement of new and strengthening of existing disease surveillance systems. Coordinating with Ministry of Health

officials and other partners within the United Nations Country Team, WHO carried out health assessments to determine the correct prioritization of action.

Hurricane KatrinaHurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest hurricanes ever to hit the United States. An

estimated 1,836 people died in the hurricane and the flooding that followed in late August 2005, and millions of others were left homeless along the Gulf Coast and in New Orleans, which experienced the highest death toll.

Katrina initially formed over the Bahamas on Aug. 23, 2005, as a tropical depression. By the time it made its way to southern Florida on Aug. 25, Katrina was a moderate Category 1 hurricane. While it caused some flooding and casualties — two people were killed — during its first landfall, it appeared to be just another hurricane in an active hurricane season. Katrina weakened after passing over Florida and was reclassified as a tropical storm. But, once over water again, re-intensified into a hurricane on Aug. 26, and became a Category Five storm on Aug. 28, with winds blowing at about 175 mph.

Katrina slammed into Mississippi and Louisiana causing major devastation. Several levees in New Orleans collapsed and the city began to flood. Thousands sought refuge in the New Orleans Convention Center and the Superdome, which were overwhelmed. The National Guard was called in to help with evacuations. Katrina weakened to a Category 1 hurricane after moving inland over southern and central Mississippi, but not before causing a tremendous loss of life and property damage across a wide area, extending into the Florida panhandle, Georgia, and Alabama.

Critics blamed an aging and neglected levee system and a slow response following the disaster for the high loss of life and damage. Many residents did not heed initial warnings to evacuate, putting a severe strain on rescue operations. Ultimately 80 percent of New Orleans, became flooded and the floodwaters did not recede for weeks. Coastal areas, such as all Mississippi beachfront towns, sustained some of the worst devastation. Total property damage from Katrina was estimated at $81 billion.

The rescue and recovery efforts following Katrina became highly politicized, with federal, state and local officials pointing fingers at one another. After initially receiving praise from then-president George W. Bush, the director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Michael D. Brown, was forced to resign, as was New Orleans Police Department Superintendent Eddie Compass.The region is still recovering, and government officials have sought to learn from the tragedy and implement better communications and evacuation policies.

Haiti EarthquakeOn January 12, 2012, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck the island-nation of Haiti killing

220,000, injuring 300,000, and turning Haitian society to rubble. Most notable in this natural disaster, was the flood of humanitarian aid - $13.5 billion exactly. Still, many of the pains from the earthquake are still felt today. In Port-au-Prince, most people still live in temporary housing

and side in tents on the side of the road while throughout the county cholera remains an epidemic.

Each public health concern derived from the earthquake stemmed from the fact that everything was destroyed. Unlike in other cases, immediately following the event the public was not at risk of contracting viral infections as the victims of the catastrophe perished from trauma related injuries. Further, the most pressing concern was food and water security coupled with sanitation plights leading to widespread food shortages and the ongoing cholera outbreak. Cholera had been eradicated for more than a century prior to the 2010 resurgence. Since, 720,000 Haitians’ have suffered from Cholera and 9,000 have died.

Also significant were the damages in health infrastructure, services and supply lines, which added further difficulties during the cholera epidemic that soon followed the earthquake. There was an unprecedented amount of response to the pleads for aid and donation in the form of fund raising efforts, raw materials, and even search and rescue teams, totalling approximately $13.5 billion dollars (--). However, efforts were rendered “due to poor coordination and information sharing and widespread disregard among international groups for the authority of the Haitian government” (--). This, combined with political turmoil and the continuing cholera epidemic has left Haiti with a long way to recovery. While life in Haiti, an impoverished Less-Developed-Country (LDC), has for most survivors returned to what it was, many analysts agree that given the vast resources thrown at the situation many more improvements could, and should, have been made.

Japan EarthquakeOn March 11, 2011 a 9.0 magnitude earthquake ruptured along a 310 mile long fault line

off the coast of northeastern Japan. Japan’s largest and most populated Island of Honshu shook violently for an entire 6 minutes offsetting its coastline by four yards. The 435 mile per hour tsunami waves that ensued, measuring up to 125 feet tall, pounded Honshu’s western coast engulfing entire villages and toppling tsunami seawalls. Flooding as far inland as 6 miles was particularly treacherous. Tsunami waves also swept across the Pacific, causing damage or disruptions in Hawaii, California, Alaska, British Columbia, Australia, Chile, and Antarctica. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association estimates that 5 million tons of debris were carried out to sea.

The unexpected disaster not as large or deadly as the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, but the familiar one-two punch proved especially devastating because few scientists had predicted the country would experience such a large earthquake and tsunami. Japan is used to dealing with seismic hazards as country lying on the Pacific Rim of Fire and on the fastest moving tectonic plate in the world (the Pacific Plate).Further, two days prior, a magnitude-7.2 earthquake with three aftershocks greater than magnitude 6.0 hit offshore eastern Honshu. These quakes caused little damage and even also produced a 2-foot-high tsunami fooling everyone. Given the earthquake’s large magnitude and the smaller aftershocks that occurred as expected over the next day, no one thought that these could be foreshocks of an even larger event.

The total number of casualties approaches 30,000 with confirmed deaths standing at 15,891 according to Japan’s National Police Agency. As of April 2015, between 2,500 and 3,000 people are still missing. More than 125,000 buildings have been washed away or seriously damaged; property damage is estimated to be more than $310 billion.

In the interest of public health, most deaths occurred suddenly as drowning victims, yet a much more unsettling threat to public health emerged following the failure of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The tsunami caused a cooling system failure at the Power Plant, which resulted in a level-7 nuclear meltdown and release of radioactive materials. The electrical power and backup generators were overwhelmed by the tsunami, and the plant lost its cooling capabilities. In July 2013, TEPCO, the Tokyo Electric Power Company, admitted that about 300 tons of radioactive water continues to leak from the plant every day into the Pacific Ocean. Trace amounts of radioactive material from Fukushima have been identified in seawater off the American Pacific coast in 2014 and 2015. Transmission of Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS), or radiation poisoning, remains a concern in Japan today. The onset of ARS is marked by symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, fever - symptoms that would be otherwise benign in a state of instant medical infrastructure - to a drop in white blood cell count, anemia, and uncontrollable bleeding due to lack of platelets in levels of high exposure. In addition, exposure to ARS often leads to genetic mutation almost always resulting in cancer. Researchers in Japan estimate that the fallout of this event will be approximately 2,400 deaths from cancer over the next three decades.

After the recent earthquakes in Nepal, lack of access to hospitals was widespread and many have thus lost access to modern healthcare. In other interruptions of modern medical technologies, those who live afflicted by hypertension and diabetes, for example, face more immediate threats, including the threat of premature death due to lack of access to modern medicine. However, the largest public health threat remains with communicable diseases. As treatment facilities are at reduced capacity and are running with diminished supplies, many diseases that fail to pose an immediate threat were not treated. Consequently, many who were on antibiotic regimens for diseases such as tuberculosis had treatment interrupted. Although this is not immediately lethal, this provides for an increased development of new, drug-resistant forms of Tb. This poses a long term risk to the inhabitants of Nepal, as treatment will become more and more difficult as time passes on. This is only one of the major public health risks that Nepal faces.

In Nepal, the potential for a massive outbreak of waterborne disease is increasing by the day and is already taking hold. Clean water is becoming increasingly scarce in Nepal, as many sanitation systems were critically damaged by the recent earthquakes. Many residents of Nepal suffer from dehydration-related sickness, yet some drink whatever water they can find. This water is oftentimes contaminated with bacteria that have the potential to cause damage to the human body. According to the BBC, Cholera is native to Nepal and in the year 2014, over 600 people were sickened by the disease. In 2009, the BBC reported that over 300,000 people were affected by a cholera epidemic. In addition to the past unluck of the area when it comes to cholera, public sanitation systems have been lost and open defecation is becoming a common practice due to the absence of functioning sewers. This alone has the potential to cause massive damage throughout the country through massive outbreaks of dysentery and cholera. This issue, if left unattended, has the potential to cause even more destruction to the already ravaged country.

The threat of disease outbreak alone is a pressing issue, and time is working against the aid workers who attempt to restore normalcy to the region. The rainy season in Nepal begins in late June and ends in late September. This alone renders exceptional difficulty in transporting supplies in and out of the region. When the monsoon is coupled with a massive lack of infrastructure due to the devastating earthquakes, it becomes nearly impossible to transport basic medicines throughout nepal. Even if it were possible to distribute these medicines, many areas are not equipped to distribute them. When intravenous medicines need to be distributed and a lack of new, sterile needles presents itself, bloodborne pathogens begin to arise. Many of these pathogens, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus, require complex treatment and prevention plans to be put in place. around 50,000 Nepali persons had an HIV infection in the year 2011 and is concentrated in very specific populations. However, as many lack access to proper medical treatment and sterile medical practices, there is potential for this number to grow

11 JAMUN 2015 WHO Topic Guide

Current Situation

rapidly. In addition, needle exchange programs have come to a screeching halt in the area after the crisis, leaving users of injectable drugs and diabetics particularly vulnerable to an outbreak.

Africa:The member states of the African region generally have an ambivalent stance in terms of

the humanitarian response following the earthquake in Nepal. WHO’s immediate funding response to the earthquake received support from five total UN member states, as well as the UN Central Emergency Response Fund. None of the states belonged to this region. That is not to say that all member states have been totally apathetic– several countries have unilaterally contributed aid, such as Algeria and South Africa. Egypt and Tunisia have also expressed condolences for the plight that the Nepalese citizens are experiencing.

Asia-Pacific:As Nepal itself is a part of the Asia-Pacific region, numerous member states have been

deeply involved in the effort to combat the effects of the earthquake from the outset. Countless states from this geographic region have each pledged tons of supplies and millions of dollars in relief funding, most notably Bangladesh, China, and India. Each of these three states has also sent in several aircraft to directly assist and evacuate families affected by the earthquake.

Eastern Europe:For the immediate response by WHO, Estonia and Russia were two of the five total

contributors to the relief effort. Several other states have also unilaterally supported the global aid response to Nepal, including Azerbaijan, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovenia. Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and Serbia have expressed condolences to Nepal’s government and people for the disaster.

Latin America and Caribbean:Latin America and the Caribbean certainly have an outlet for empathy in the form of the

cholera outbreak in Haiti. Mexico has contributed funds to Nepal among other member states of this group. It should be noted that the ongoing cholera outbreak has been sapping funds from numerous member states, and for this reason it would be a strain on them to also provide donations to Nepal. Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and more states have all firmly pledged to stand by Nepal in this time of need, and sympathize with their predicament.

Western Europe and Others:The Western European (and other) states have been the quickest, albeit not highest,

contributors to the Nepal earthquake response. Australia, Finland and Norway make up 3 out of the 5 member states that immediately sent aid to Nepal under the WHO’s response. A stunning 79% of all nations in this group have pledged aid in total, most notably Israel and the United Kingdom along with the aforementioned nations. While the Western European states certainly have not matched the total donations provided by the Asia-Pacific states, they have matched the others in terms of participation rate.

12 JAMUN 2015 WHO Topic Guide

Regional Bloc Positions

13 JAMUN 2015 WHO Topic Guide

1) What containment methods were used in response to communicable diseases in the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and what revisions can be made to the survivor camps system?

2) When disaster strikes, what procedures does WHO responds with? What legislation affirms these actions and who implements them?

3) In Hurricane Katrina and the 2011 Japan Earthquake, scientists had underestimated the severity of the disasters. What types of early detection systems exist and what are they functions? Do early detection systems differ between More-Developed-Countries (MDCs) and Less-Developed-Countries (LDCs) and in what ways?

4) Dilapidated support systems undermine disaster response efforts. What efforts can be made to improve and maintain these systems so that they serve their intended purpose?

5) Given the depth of the monetary support for relief efforts in Haiti following the 2010 Earthquake, what happened that prevented these funds from bringing about a true recovery?

6) Later this year, Japan plans to restart the first two nuclear power plants since the Fukushima incident. What additional safety precautions have been taken to prevent another such incident? Is there still a significant enough risk to public health to move against the reopening of the plants?

7) What public health risks do the Nepalese face and to what severity? What course of action should be taken to not only address the most pressing public health concerns, but also the effort to clear destruction and embark on the path to reconstruction?

8) The rainy season is approaching Nepal, beginning at the end of June. What are some steps that the WHO can take in order to get aid to Nepal before and during the rainy season?

14 JAMUN 2015 WHO Topic Guide

Questions to Consider

During committee, we will be monitoring your performance (and behavior- please follow the code of conduct at all times. We do not want to have to as anyone to leave). Afterwards, we will decide on awards. Here are a few things that you may want to keep in mind:

• Speak! Always try to speak during committee. Introduce your new ideas or get up to critique others. It will be impossible for you to win an award if you do not speak at all. If you are shy and do not really like public speaking, please feel free to remain at your seat or stay seated. There is no need to memorize speeches, either. Try not to stress- public speaking can be fun. If you speak a lot, maybe let someone else have a chance. If the room becomes controlled by only a few strong speakers, we will call on those who have not spoken yet.

• Compromise! It is very important to stick with your country’s position. However, it is also necessary to compromise at times. Having an appropriate amount of flexibility is a quality of a good delegate.

• Pay attention! Try to pay attention. Committee sessions will get boring very fast if you have no idea what is going on. Turn off your phone, please, and try to listen. International affairs are fascinating and a MUN conference is a perfect place to learn and explore.

• Ask us questions! Please feel free to ask us any questions you may have. You can send a note to the dias (that’s us- sitting in the front of the room) at any time or come talk to us during breaks. We can help you with parliamentary procedure. We can review your working papers before submission. We are also here to answer any questions you may have about high school (and BCA applications). Please do not hesitate to ask us anything.

15 JAMUN 2015 WHO Topic Guide

Committee Notes and Suggestions

References:"Nepal Earthquake: UK Agencies

Warn of Serious Disease after Disaster - BBC News." BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2015.

Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, n.d. Web. 25 May 2015.

"Continuing Care for Tuberculosis, Diabetes and Heart Patients in Earthquake Hit Nepal." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2015.

Organization, World Health. "Situation Report #18." World Health Organization. United Nations, n.d. Web.

Governance Handbook. N.p.: United Nations, 2009. Web.

"News." HIV/AIDS in Nepal. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2015.

"BD Air Force Aircraft Reaches Nepal with Relief Materials." UNB. N.p., n.d. Web.

"Chinese Team Sent to Kathmandu for Rescue Operations after Quake."CCTV America. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2015.

"It Took Modi Minutes to Help Neighbouring Nepal after Earthquake." Business Day Live. Times Media, 25 Apr. 2015. Web. 29 May 2015. .

"Algeria Sends Rescuers, Drugs to Quake-hit Nepal." GlobalPost. Xinhua News Agency, 26 Apr. 2015. Web. 23 May 2015. .

Balachandran, Manu. "Indian Helicopters, Israeli Hospitals and Malaysian Medics: How the World Is Coming to Nepal’s Aid." Indian Helicopters, Israeli Hospitals and Malaysian Medics: How the World Is Coming to Nepal’s Aid. Quartz India, 27 Apr. 2015. Web. 22 May 2015. .

"Relações Exteriores." Ministério Das Relaçoes Exteriores. Brazilian Ministry of External Relacions, 25 Apr. 2015. Web. 29 May 2015. .

Harper, Stephen. "Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada on the Nepal

Earthquake." Prime Minister of Canada. 25 Apr. 2015. Web. 22 May 2015.

"The Finnish Red Cross Kicks off Campaigns for Earthquake Victims in Nepal." Yle Uutiset. Yle Uutiset, 26 Apr. 2015. Web. 21 May 2015.

"Germany, France Sending Rescue Teams, Emergency Relief to Quake-hit Nepal - 680 NEWS." 680 NEWS Germany France Sending Rescue Teams Emergency Relief to Quakehit Nepal Comments. Rogers Media, 26 Apr. 2015. Web. 20 May 2015.

Somberg, Dana, and Maariv Hashavua. "Netanyahu: Israel Will Provide All Possible Help to Nepal." The Jerusalem Post. JPost Incorporated, 25 Apr. 2015. Web. 24 May 2015.

Chi-Dong, Lee. "(3rd LD) S. Korea to Send 40-member Relief Team to Quake-hit Nepal." Yonhap News Agency. 27 Apr. 2015. Web. 20 May 2015.

Haider, Ifran. "Pakistan Sends Relief Goods for Quake Victims in Nepal." Dawn. Dawn.com, 26 Apr. 2015. Web. 23 May 2015.

"Russia's Emergencies Ministry Offers Aid to Nepal in Eliminating Aftermaths of Earthquake." TASS. Russian News Agency, 25 Apr. 2015. Web. 23 May 2015.

"Turkeys AFAD and International Aid Organizations Rush to Nepal after Devastating Earthquake." DailySabah. Tüm Hakları Saklıdır, 25 Apr. 2015. Web. 23 May 2015.

"South Africa: President Zuma Sends Condolences to Nepal." AllAfrica.com. AllAfrica, 26 Apr. 2015. Web. 20 May 2015.

"Devastating 7.9-magnitude Quake Strikes Nepal, India." RT Live. TV-Novosti, 27 Apr. 2015. Web. 20 May 2015.

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"Nepal Earthquake: UK Aid Donations Reach £15m." BBC News. BBC, 29 Apr. 2015. Web. 22 May 2015.

Perry, Nick, Katy Daigle, and Binaj Gurubacharya. "The Latest on Nepal Quake: Death Toll 4,438 in 3 Countries." Asia Pacific. The New York Times, 28 Apr. 2015. Web. 24 May 2015.

Xuequan, Mu. "Venezuela Conveys Sorrow for Quake Victims in Nepal." Xinhua English News. Xinhua, 26 Apr. 2014. Web. 26 May 2015.

"Three Months After the Indian Ocean Earthquake-Tsunami Report." Humanitarian Health Action. World Health Organization, 2015. Web. 26 May 2015.

Knox, Richard. "5 Years After Haiti's Earthquake, Where Did The $13.5 Billion Go?" NPR. NPR, 12 Jan. 2015. Web. 29 May 2015.

"Health Response to the Earthquake in Haiti - January 2010." ReliefWeb. ReliefWeb, 13 Jan. 2012. Web. 29 May 2015.

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