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Project Objectives

• Model Fate and Transport of Microcontaminants in AWT Effluent

• Evaluate Advanced Wastewater Treatment through Pilot Testing

• Determine AWT Effluent ToxicityChronicAcute

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DEETTriclosanEthynyl estradiol

Bisphenol-a surfactants

Reuse Also Means Environmental StewardshipProject Addresses Microcontaminant Concerns Related to Human Health and Environmental Impact

“They're in the Water... They Make Fish Change Sex...Endocrine Disruptors-What are they doing to you?”

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Fate and Transport of Microcontaminants is Being Modeled

Simulated Injection of Microconstituents

Biodegradation of Organics

Photolysis of Organics

Sorptionof Organics

Trace Organic Concentrations Estimated at Extraction Wells

AWT Facility

Aquatic Organism Impacts

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MBReffluent

RO brine

RO effluent

Primary Clarification

MBR

Aeration BasinSecond

Clarification

RO UV

Microcontaminants are Being Tracked Through Two AWT Configurations

Sampling locations of MBR train:

UFeffluent

RO brine

RO effluent

Primary Clarification

UF

Aeration BasinSecond

Clarification

RO UV

Sampling locations of UF train:

TertiaryClarification

Denitrification Filter

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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2,6-

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4-M

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4-N

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Phe

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Ace

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Mic

roco

ntam

inan

ts (n

g/L)

RO effluentRO brine

Preliminary Results for AWT Removal of Microcontaminants Show Promise

Microcontaminants in RO effluent are below detection limits!

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Microcontaminant Concentrations and Effluent Toxicity are Being Correlated to Aquatic Organism Impact

• Hormonal Response Through Tissue Bioassays

• Acute Fish Toxicity

• Acute Water Flea Toxicity

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Results of Hormonal Response Through Tissue Bioassays (E-Screen)

RO effluent didn’t produce a significant response in MCF-7 cells, a breast cancer cell line that proliferates in response to estrogenic activity.

0

0.1

0.2

Est

radi

ol

Equ

ival

ents

(ng/

l)

MBR effluent RO effluent blank

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Results of Pilot AWT EffluentToxicity Tests - test organisms

EPA 821-R-02-013 Test Method 1002.0

fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas

waterflea, Ceriodaphnia dubia

EPA 821-R-02-013 Test Method 1000.0

http://www.state.sd.us/DENR/DES/Surfacewater/cerdaph.gif

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0

20

40

60

80

100

100% 75% 25% 12.5% 6.25% 0% (control)

MBR effluent concentrations relative to organism media

Surv

ival

(%)

P. promelas on 10/29/07P. promelas on 11/26/07 (dechlorinated)P. promelas on 1/14/08 (no chloramine added)C. dubia on 10/29/07C. dubia on 11/26/07 (dechlorinated)C. dubia on 1/14/08 (no chloramine added)

MBR effluent shows minimal acute toxicity

No significant survival differences were observed on all test days, except for C. Dubia in 100% MBR effluent without de-chlorination on 10/29/07.

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0

20

40

60

80

100

100% 75% 25% 12.5% 6.25% 0% (control)

RO effluent concentrations

Surv

ival

(%)

P. promelas on 10/29/07P. promelas on 11/26/07 (dechlorinated)P. promelas on 1/14/08 (no chloramine added)C. dubia on 10/29/07C. dubia on 11/26/07 (dechlorinated)C. Dubia on 1/14/08 (no chloramine added)

RO effluent increases organism sensitivity to chlorine

De-chlorination on 11/27/07 significantly increased the survival of P. Promelas and C. Dubia. No significant survival differences were observed in P. Promelas or C. Dubia after complete removal of chloramine on 1/14/08.

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Summary

• The developed fate and transport model may be a valuable tool to track microcontaminants in wastewater effluents

• Reverse osmosis treatment shows promise for microcontaminant removal

• Chlorine residual plays significant role in AWT effluent acute toxicity to indicator organisms.

• Non-chlorinated AWT effluents show no signs of acute toxicity.

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Project Team

Microcontaminant Research and Project Management -South Florida Water Management District and Carollo Engineers

Pilot Plant Design, Operation, and Sampling -City of Plantation and Hazen and Sawyer

Laboratory Work -Univ. of Florida at Gainesville (hormonal bioassays and toxicity), University of Wisconsin (hormonal bioassays), Montgomery-Watson Harza (trace organics), Golder (toxicity), Carollo (particle analysis)

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Project TeamMicrocontaminant Fate and Transport Modeling -

DHI Water and Environment

Expert Advisory Panel -Dr. Jorg Drewes, Membrane Treatment ProcessesDr. Shane Snyder, Water Quality and ToxicologyDr. Erin Snyder, Toxicology

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End of Presentation