Tribal Life › Nomadic: move from place to place › Trade with other tribes › War with other...

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Western Migration & Immigration Culture Clash on the prairie & in the city

Transcript of Tribal Life › Nomadic: move from place to place › Trade with other tribes › War with other...

Page 1: Tribal Life › Nomadic: move from place to place › Trade with other tribes › War with other tribes over hunting grounds  Horse & Buffalo Culture › Horse.

Western Migration & Immigration

Culture Clash on the prairie & in the city

Page 2: Tribal Life › Nomadic: move from place to place › Trade with other tribes › War with other tribes over hunting grounds  Horse & Buffalo Culture › Horse.

Native Americans Great Plains: west-central portion of U.S

Tribal Life› Nomadic: move from

place to place› Trade with other tribes› War with other tribes

over hunting grounds Horse & Buffalo

Culture› Horse = mobility› Buffalo = food,

clothing, tools, shelter

Family Life› Traditional male & female roles› Believe in spirits› Communal land & lifestyle› Leaders rule by counsel, not

force

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Settlers

Who were they?› Immigrants: Irish, German, Polish, Chinese› African Americans (freed slaves)› Civil War Veterans› Cattle barons

Why did they move?› Manifest Destiny/Railroads› Gold› Cheap Land/Escape from Civil War

Believed in land ownership

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Fight for the Plains

Massacre at Sand Creek (1864)› U.S. Army Commander order attack on

Cheyenne & Arapaho: over 150 killed Bozeman Trail Violence (1866 - 1868)

› Treaty of Fort Laramie: force Sioux onto reservation

Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)› Sioux destroy Colonel Custer & 7th Cavalry› Sioux eventually defeated & surrender

Assimilation: Native Americans give up culture, live as white settlers

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Battle of Western Settlement Ends Dawes Act 1887

› Divide reservation land› sell remainder: whites take 2/3 of land› No money given to Native Americans

Buffalo› Fur traders› 1800 = 65 million buffalo› 1890 = 1000 buffalo

Battle of Wounded Knee (1890)› 7th Cavalry slaughters 300

unarmed Sioux› End of westward expansion

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The Populist Movement Farmers Problems

› Railroads: high shipping & storage prices

› Low crop prices› Huge bank loans

Populism› Farmers unite to address common problems› Ideas become platform of Democratic Party

Legacy› Common people can unite & effect change› Many reforms enacted in 20th Century

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Immigration in late 19th & early 20th Centuries

Why did people immigrate to the U.S.?

› Famine› Land & job shortages› Religious/political

persecution› Strike it Rich!› The “American Dream”

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Where were they from?

Europe› 1870-1920: 20 million › Prior to 1890: western & northern Europe› After 1890: southern & eastern Europe

Asia› 1850-1883: 300,000 Chinese› 1884-1920: 200,000 Japanese

Mexico & West Indies› 1880-1920: 260,000 from West Indies› 1900-1930: 700,000 from Mexico

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The Immigrant Experience

Voyage› 1-3 weeks on ship in steerage› Disease spreads quickly, death

Arrival› Ellis Island (New York Harbor)

Physical exam Document inspection & interview Requirements: not convicted of felony, able to work, at least $25

› Angel Island (San Francisco Harbor) Life

› Language barrier› Finding work/housing› Ethnic Communities = support system (Chinatown, Little Italy)

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The Rise of Nativism

Nativism› Favoritism of native born Americans› Lead to anti-immigrant groups &

restrictions Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

› Prohibited most Chinese immigration› Not repealed until 1943

Why resistance to immigration?› Religious intolerance› Racism› Job competition (immigrants =

cheap labor)