: Tidal Flyer Junior Investigation of the a Novel Tidal ...

Infrastructure Access Report

Infrastructure: Ifremer - Boulogne-sur-Mer

User-Project: Tidal Flyer Junior

Investigation of the a Novel Tidal Energy Device

(Tidal Flyer Junior) at Circa 1:16 Scale and to

specifically optimise the design variables for system

configuration and to assess the performance of the

device to evaluate for future development (Phase I)

Marine Renewables Infrastructure Network

Status: Issue

Version: 01

Date: 30th April 2013

EC FP7 “Capacities” Specific Programme

Research Infrastructure Action

Infrastructure Access Report: [Insert the User-Project acronym]

Rev. [Version Number, e.g. 01], [Pick the version date]

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ABOUT MARINET MARINET (Marine Renewables Infrastructure Network for emerging Energy Technologies) is an EC-funded network

of research centres and organisations that are working together to accelerate the development of marine renewable

energy - wave, tidal & offshore-wind. The initiative is funded through the EC's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)

and runs for four years until 2015. The network of 29 partners with 42 specialist marine research facilities is spread

across 11 EU countries and 1 International Cooperation Partner Country (Brazil).

MARINET offers periods of free-of-charge access to test facilities at a range of world-class research centres.

Companies and research groups can avail of this Transnational Access (TA) to test devices at any scale in areas such

as wave energy, tidal energy, offshore-wind energy and environmental data or to conduct tests on cross-cutting

areas such as power take-off systems, grid integration, materials or moorings. In total, over 700 weeks of access is

available to an estimated 300 projects and 800 external users, with at least four calls for access applications over the

4-year initiative.

MARINET partners are also working to implement common standards for testing in order to streamline the

development process, conducting research to improve testing capabilities across the network, providing training at

various facilities in the network in order to enhance personnel expertise and organising industry networking events

in order to facilitate partnerships and knowledge exchange.

The aim of the initiative is to streamline the capabilities of test infrastructures in order to enhance their impact and

accelerate the commercialisation of marine renewable energy. See www.fp7-marinet.eu for more details.

Partners

Ireland

University College Cork, HMRC (UCC_HMRC)

Coordinator

Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI_OEDU)

Denmark

Aalborg Universitet (AAU)

Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (RISOE)

France

Ecole Centrale de Nantes (ECN)

Institut Français de Recherche Pour l'Exploitation de

la Mer (IFREMER)

United Kingdom

National Renewable Energy Centre Ltd. (NAREC)

The University of Exeter (UNEXE)

European Marine Energy Centre Ltd. (EMEC)

University of Strathclyde (UNI_STRATH)

The University of Edinburgh (UEDIN)

Queen’s University Belfast (QUB)

Plymouth University(PU)

Spain

Ente Vasco de la Energía (EVE)

Tecnalia Research & Innovation Foundation

(TECNALIA)

Belgium

1-Tech (1_TECH)

Netherlands

Stichting Tidal Testing Centre (TTC)

Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland

(ECNeth)

Germany

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der

Angewandten Forschung E.V (Fh_IWES)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover (LUH)

Universitaet Stuttgart (USTUTT)

Portugal

Wave Energy Centre – Centro de Energia das Ondas

(WavEC)

Italy

Università degli Studi di Firenze (UNIFI-CRIACIV)

Università degli Studi di Firenze (UNIFI-PIN)

Università degli Studi della Tuscia (UNI_TUS)

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INSEAN)

Brazil

Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São

Paulo S.A. (IPT)

Norway

Sintef Energi AS (SINTEF)

Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet

(NTNU)

Infrastructure Access Report: Tidal Flyer Junior

Rev. [Revision Number, e.g. 01], [Pick the revision date]

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DOCUMENT INFORMATION Title Investigation of the a Novel Tidal Energy Device (Tidal Flyer Junior) at Circa 1:16 Scale

and to specifically optimise the design variables for system configuration and to assess

the performance of the device to evaluate for future development.

Distribution Public

Document Reference MARINET-TA1-Tidal Flyer Junior

User-Group Leader, Lead

Author

Theo Devaney Open Ocean Energy Ltd.

Rowestown, Barntown, Co. Wexford, Ireland

User-Group Members,

Contributing Authors

Brian Holmes HMRC, UCC, Ireland

Infrastructure Accessed: Ifremer - Boulogne-sur-Mer

Infrastructure Manager

(or Main Contact)

Gregory Germain

REVISION HISTORY Rev. Date Description Prepared by

(Name)

Approved By

Infrastructure

Manager

Status

(Draft/Final)

01 30/04/13 Tidal Flyer Junior report Theo Devaney Gregory Germain Issue



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ABOUT THIS REPORT One of the requirements of the EC in enabling a user group to benefit from free-of-charge access to an infrastructure

is that the user group must be entitled to disseminate the foreground (information and results) that they have

generated under the project in order to progress the state-of-the-art of the sector. Notwithstanding this, the EC also

state that dissemination activities shall be compatible with the protection of intellectual property rights,

confidentiality obligations and the legitimate interests of the owner(s) of the foreground.

The aim of this report is therefore to meet the first requirement of publicly disseminating the knowledge generated

through this MARINET infrastructure access project in an accessible format in order to:

• progress the state-of-the-art

• publicise resulting progress made for the technology/industry

• provide evidence of progress made along the Structured Development Plan

• provide due diligence material for potential future investment and financing

• share lessons learned

• avoid potential future replication by others

• provide opportunities for future collaboration

• etc.

In some cases, the user group may wish to protect some of this information which they deem commercially

sensitive, and so may choose to present results in a normalised (non-dimensional) format or withhold certain design

data – this is acceptable and allowed for in the second requirement outlined above.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work described in this publication has received support from MARINET, a European Community - Research

Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Specific Programme.

LEGAL DISCLAIMER The views expressed, and responsibility for the content of this publication, lie solely with the authors. The European

Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. This work may rely on

data from sources external to the MARINET project Consortium. Members of the Consortium do not accept liability

for loss or damage suffered by any third party as a result of errors or inaccuracies in such data. The information in

this document is provided “as is” and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular

purpose. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and neither the European Commission nor any

member of the MARINET Consortium is liable for any use that may be made of the information.



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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Open Ocean Energy Ltd. (OOE) were granted MaRINET funding to undertake optimisation tests of their device, the

Tidal Flyer. The Tidal flyer prototype (not tested under MaRINET) is made up of 10 arrays which travel between 2

cables around pulleys to generate power. The tests under MaRINET specifically investigated the forces acting on 1

array with 6 degree-of-freedom sensors to obtain lift and drag forces for the lifting foils.

In addition, these tests were designed so that the exact centre of pressure of the main foils could be obtained for

various self-trimming tail locations. The exact position of the centre of pressure is necessary for the self-trimming

tail to control the angle of attack of the main foils effectively. The tests were a success with all of the above data

being recorded which will allow OOE to develop the Tidal Flyer system for the next stage of development. The

results have also indicated areas of the design which can be improved before the next stage.



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CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................. 7

1.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................7

1.2 DEVELOPMENT SO FAR..........................................................................................................................................7

1.2.1 Stage Gate Progress ....................................................................................................................................7

1.2.2 Plan For This Access..................................................................................................................................... 8

2 OUTLINE OF WORK CARRIED OUT.................................................................................................................. 9

2.1 SETUP.................................................................................................................................................................9

2.2 TESTS ..................................................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

2.2.1 Test Plan ........................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3 RESULTS...............................................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

2.4 ANALYSIS & CONCLUSIONS...................................................................................................................................22

3 MAIN LEARNING OUTCOMES .......................................................................................................................24

3.1 PROGRESS MADE ...............................................................................................................................................24

3.1.1 Progress Made: For This User-Group or Technology.................................................................................24

3.1.2 Progress Made: For Marine Renewable Energy Industry ..........................................................................24

3.2 KEY LESSONS LEARNED ........................................................................................................................................25

4 FURTHER INFORMATION..............................................................................................................................25

4.1 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS ....................................................................................................................................25

4.2 WEBSITE & SOCIAL MEDIA...................................................................................................................................25

5 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................25

6 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................25

6.1 STAGE DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY TABLE ................................................................................................................25

6.2 ANY OTHER APPENDICES .....................................................................................................................................27



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1 INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND

1.1 INTRODUCTION Sample text…

1.2 DEVELOPMENT SO FAR

1.2.1 Stage Gate Progress

Previously completed: �

Planned for this project: �

STAGE GATE CRITERIA Status

Stage 1 – Concept Validation

• Linear monochromatic waves to validate or calibrate numerical models of the system (25 – 100 waves) NA

• Finite monochromatic waves to include higher order effects (25 –100 waves) NA

• Hull(s) sea worthiness in real seas (scaled duration at 3 hours) NA

• Restricted degrees of freedom (DofF) if required by the early mathematical models

• Provide the empirical hydrodynamic co-efficient associated with the device (for mathematical modelling

tuning)

• Investigate physical process governing device response. May not be well defined theoretically or

numerically solvable

• Real seaway productivity (scaled duration at 20-30 minutes)

• Initially 2-D (flume) test programme

• Short crested seas need only be run at this early stage if the devices anticipated performance would be

significantly affected by them

• Evidence of the device seaworthiness

• Initial indication of the full system load regimes

Stage 2 – Design Validation

• Accurately simulated PTO characteristics

• Performance in real seaways (long and short crested)

• Survival loading and extreme motion behaviour.

• Active damping control (may be deferred to Stage 3)

• Device design changes and modifications �

• Mooring arrangements and effects on motion

• Data for proposed PTO design and bench testing (Stage 3)

• Engineering Design (Prototype), feasibility and costing

• Site Review for Stage 3 and Stage 4 deployments

• Over topping rates

Stage 3 – Sub-Systems Validation

• To investigate physical properties not well scaled & validate performance figures

• To employ a realistic/actual PTO and generating system & develop control strategies

• To qualify environmental factors (i.e. the device on the environment and vice versa) e.g. marine growth,

corrosion, windage and current drag

• To validate electrical supply quality and power electronic requirements.

• To quantify survival conditions, mooring behaviour and hull seaworthiness



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STAGE GATE CRITERIA Status

• Manufacturing, deployment, recovery and O&M (component reliability)

• Project planning and management, including licensing, certification, insurance etc.

Stage 4 – Solo Device Validation

• Hull seaworthiness and survival strategies

• Mooring and cable connection issues, including failure modes

• PTO performance and reliability

• Component and assembly longevity

• Electricity supply quality (absorbed/pneumatic power-converted/electrical power)

• Application in local wave climate conditions

• Project management, manufacturing, deployment, recovery, etc

• Service, maintenance and operational experience [O&M]

• Accepted EIA

Stage 5 – Multi-Device Demonstration

• Economic Feasibility/Profitability

• Multiple units performance

• Device array interactions

• Power supply interaction & quality

• Environmental impact issues

• Full technical and economic due diligence

• Compliance of all operations with existing legal requirements

1.2.2 Plan For This Access

The objective of the tests conducted in September 2012 (not under MaRINET) was to obtain the power curve for the

system; the proposed tests under MaRINET had a greater emphases on research of various aspects of the device.

The proposed tests, under MaRINET, focused on research into the component parts to improve the efficiency of the

device by optimising the different components. All of this knowledge will go towards improving the system to

ensure its viability.

We will test, in water, for lift and drag forces on a single array in a frame using a '6-degree of freedom' sensor to

better understand the relationship and differences between the air and water fluid mediums. This will allow us to

transfer all of the tests conducted in the Wind Tunnel into useful data for the actual system to be developed for an

ocean environment. The vast majority of existing data for aero- and hydrofoils is either for significantly different

Reynolds Numbers (aero-foils) or for very different planforms (rudders and keels). It is therefore necessary to obtain

the data relative to our hydrofoils in the kind of velocities we will operate in.

We will investigate the size, profile and number of tails to be used in each array. The theory suggests that a tail,

which has an area of 10% of the foils, should be sufficient to control the foils if located at the centre of pressure

which is also designed as the centre of mass for each array. Initial tests in this area has suggested that a tail of 20% of

the foil area is more appropriate (or 2 tails of 10% each) but greater understanding of the centre of pressure and its

precise location now suggests that the original theory needs to be investigate again for our system.

In addition, we will also conduct further tests on the exact centre of pressure for the various different cambered foils

as presented above along with the effects of, mass balancing or having an mass imbalance for each array.



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2 OUTLINE OF WORK CARRIED OUT

2.1 SETUP

2.1.1 The '6-Degree of Freedom' load cells

As this tests were essentially optimisation tests, very similar tests were conducted throughout the week with slight

changes to the equipment for every test. In order to achieve this, it was only possible to test one flyer (i.e. a pair of

foils with either one or two tails in a frame). This meant that the tests were going to be static tests which are

different to dynamic tests of the full system but for optimisation, static tests are essential to understanding.

Discussions with the staff at Ifremer were held at an early stage to ensure that a single flyer could be fixed within 2

No. '6-degree of freedom' load cells; one at the top and one at the bottom. Figure 1 shows to top load cell with the

top of the flyer and the angle reader. The top load cell and coupling is shown in detail in Figure 2 below.

Fig 1 - Flyer attached to top load cell Fig. 2 Top load cell and coupling

The Ifremer staff devised a way to insert and remove a flyer without having a diver in the water which saved time

and allowed the tests to continue smoothly. The essential design criteria was that the system had to be free to

rotate and that the forces produced, would be measured in 6 directions. Special couplings were incorporated

between the top load cell and the flyer and between the bottom load cell and the flyer that allowed this design

feature.



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The top load cell was securely fitted to the underside of an 'H' Beam, which itself was clamped between 2 No. 'H'

beams spanning the tank. The bottom load cell was securely fixed to a 'U' Channel which spanned the bottom of the

tank and was securely fixed to each side of the tank.

Fig. 3 - I & H Beam set-up Fig. 4 - Flyer connected to bottom load cell

It was then simply a case of slotting the flyer into the couplings and tightening the equipment before the tests could

begin.



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2.1.2 The Flyers

As indicated in Figure 4 above, each flyer is comprised of a pair of foils located between 2 flat plates. The distance

between the foils is equivalent to 3 chord lengths. Above and below the foils are self-trimming tails positioned

centrally and behind the foils at varying distances (as part of these tests).

The two main elements of the tests were to determine the exact centre of pressure and to determine the best

position of the tail (behind the foils). From previous observations and tests in the Ifremer tank, the approximate

position of the centre of pressure was known but without conclusive data, the exact position was not known. It was

decided to investigate 3 different centre of pressure positions in combination with 3 different tail positions.

This led to 3 separate flyers being assembled, each one with a different configuration as shown in Table 1 below.

The first 3 flyers were assembled for Tests 1 to 3 inclusive. The intention being that once Tests 1 and 2 were

completed and while Test 3 was underway, the configuration for Test 4 could be assembled and made ready. each

test continued in this fashion. Each piece of equipment which corresponded to either a Tail Position or a Centre of

Pressure position was colour coded to avoid any confusion in changing parts over between flyers.

Due to time constraints, it was not possible to test different cambers for the main foils and this will have to form

separate tests in the future.

2.2 TESTS

2.2.1 Test Plan

As discussed in Section 1.2.2 above the aims of these tests were to collect Lift and Drag forces, in addition to the

various moments acting on a flyer and to look at these forces for the various configurations described in Section

2.1.2 above. The set up by Ifremer staff ensured that all tests would generate the force and moment data required.

The preparation of the different flyers assemblies would ensure that the various configurations would provided

enough information to determine the best location for the tail, whether one or two tails was required and to

determine the exact centre of pressure for this flyer configuration (camber, planform, etc.). The following matrix of

tests was developed, as presented in Table 1 below.

Test No. Tail Position Centre of Pressure

Test 1 1 1

Test 2 2 2

Test 3 3 3

Test 4 1 2

Test 5 2 3

Test 6 3 1

Test 7 1 3

Test 8 2 1

Test 9 3 2

Table 1 - Matrix 1

This series of tests was conducted with 2 tails (as shown in Figure 4 above). The matrix was repeated for the 2nd

serves of tests with just 1 tail (the top tail) which were Tests 10 to 18 inclusive.



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The Tail and Centre of Pressure positions were:

Item Measurement

Tail Position 1 1.2x Chord

Tail Position 2 1.3 x Chord

Tail Position 3 1.4 x Chord

Centre of Pressure 1 45%



Table 2 - Positional detail

For example: Tail position 1 had the pivot of the tail 1.2 x Chord length behind the main pivot of the foils and Centre

of Pressure 1 was where the main pivot was located 45% back from the nose of the foils.

The tests outlined above (Tests 1 to 18 inclusive) were the main body of tests. However, to understand the results

fully, other, associated tests were required and these were conducted on the last day of testing. These were:

1. Tail position in regard to top or bottom being a better position (Test 19);

2. Non-Mass Balanced test (Tests 1 to 18 were conducted with the flyers mass balanced)(Test 20);

3. Drag Test - Flyer without main foils (Test 21);

4. Lift Tests - Flyer with foils but without tails (where the foil angle was manually varied)(Tests 22, 23 & 24);

5. Drag Test - with tail set at various angles (Tests 25 & 26).

In all tests (unless otherwise specified), the tail angle was set to 15 degrees.



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2.3 RESULTS Bottom loadcell 150DaN Top loadcell 100DaN

Water Vel. Fx2 Fy2 Fz2 Mx2 My2 Mz2 Fx Fy Fz Mx My Mz Drag Lift Comments run number [m/s] [N] [N] [N] [N.m] [N.m] [N.m] [N] [N] [N] [N.m] [N.m] [N.m] [N] [N] [-]

run001 0 0.90 0.30 2.52 0.09 0.00 0.10 -0.63 -0.05 0.31 0.10 0.08 -0.42 0.27 -0.35

run002 0.2 2.14 -2.20 2.36 0.57 -0.10 0.04 0.37 2.08 -0.21 -0.11 0.20 -0.46 2.51 4.29

run003 0.3 3.77 -6.93 2.27 1.25 -0.22 0.05 1.78 6.02 -0.41 -0.52 0.36 -0.46 5.55 12.95

run004 0.4 6.62 -13.96 1.74 2.09 -0.42 0.08 3.77 11.90 -0.65 -1.13 0.58 -0.43 10.39 25.86

run005 0.5 10.19 -22.75 1.59 3.00 -0.67 0.12 6.24 19.17 -1.05 -1.88 0.86 -0.41 16.43 41.92

run006 0.6 14.37 -33.24 0.92 3.97 -1.00 0.13 9.28 28.17 -1.47 -2.81 1.19 -0.41 23.65 61.40

run007 0.7 19.92 -45.54 -1.27 5.02 -1.36 0.22 12.96 38.28 -2.04 -3.87 1.59 -0.36 32.87 83.82

run008 0.8 25.88 -58.50 -4.64 6.44 -1.81 0.27 17.22 49.20 -2.76 -5.01 2.05 -0.32 43.10 107.70

run009 0.9 32.75 -74.88 -8.33 8.72 -2.30 0.34 21.92 62.38 -3.86 -6.34 2.57 -0.31 54.67 137.27

run010 1 40.35 -91.70 -12.73 11.25 -2.86 0.41 27.51 76.07 -5.05 -7.77 3.15 -0.29 67.86 167.77

run011 0.9 32.55 -74.18 -4.97 8.47 -2.30 0.34 22.10 62.04 0.07 -6.30 2.57 -0.39 54.65 136.23

run012 0.8 26.39 -59.02 -1.31 6.33 -1.85 0.30 17.57 49.75 0.35 -5.03 2.09 -0.49 43.96 108.77

run013 0.7 20.26 -45.35 1.14 4.91 -1.40 0.26 12.92 38.10 -0.06 -3.82 1.60 -0.55 33.18 83.45

run014 0.6 14.87 -33.47 2.85 3.94 -1.01 0.23 9.13 27.94 0.00 -2.77 1.20 -0.62 23.99 61.41

run015 0.5 10.71 -23.84 3.28 3.09 -0.71 0.21 5.97 19.72 0.11 -1.91 0.87 -0.64 16.68 43.56

run016 0.4 7.15 -15.49 3.12 2.27 -0.46 0.20 3.54 12.72 0.18 -1.19 0.61 -0.72 10.69 28.21

run017 0.3 4.07 -7.02 2.89 1.28 -0.27 0.14 1.52 6.04 0.32 -0.50 0.37 -0.74 5.59 13.05

run018 0.2 2.33 -2.46 2.37 0.62 -0.14 0.14 0.04 2.36 0.06 -0.11 0.23 -0.76 2.36 4.82

Test 1

Tail position 1 and centre of pressure 1 - 2 No. tails

run019 0 -1.24 -0.60 -0.43 -0.35 -0.07 0.18 -0.35 -0.45 -0.44 0.23 0.00 -0.23 -1.59 0.15

run020 0.2 0.23 -3.65 -0.31 0.09 -0.08 0.14 0.76 2.10 -0.59 -0.03 0.10 -0.25 0.99 5.74

run021 0.3 2.35 -8.94 -0.95 0.49 -0.20 0.16 2.20 6.57 -1.39 -0.47 0.25 -0.21 4.55 15.51

run022 0.4 4.97 -14.94 -0.32 0.89 -0.36 0.16 4.30 11.94 -0.94 -1.02 0.47 -0.17 9.27 26.88

run023 0.5 8.59 -23.64 -0.26 1.51 -0.57 0.19 6.88 19.56 -1.11 -1.79 0.75 -0.13 15.47 43.20

run024 0.6 13.12 -33.77 -1.10 2.25 -0.84 0.23 10.41 28.54 -1.24 -2.70 1.12 -0.07 23.54 62.31

run025 0.7 18.49 -44.97 -2.80 3.18 -1.13 0.25 14.22 38.21 -1.43 -3.69 1.52 -0.06 32.71 83.18

run026 0.8 24.37 -57.03 -6.11 4.13 -1.46 0.28 18.66 49.36 -1.21 -4.83 1.99 0.01 43.03 106.39

run027 0.9 31.41 -71.67 -11.43 5.54 -1.83 0.32 23.60 62.33 -2.74 -6.14 2.50 0.10 55.02 133.99

run028 1 39.10 -86.40 -15.78 6.95 -2.21 0.38 28.74 74.64 -4.77 -7.39 3.05 0.13 67.84 161.04

run029 0.9 31.19 -69.08 -9.18 5.03 -1.83 0.32 23.56 60.07 -0.98 -5.90 2.50 0.03 54.75 129.15

run030 0.8 24.32 -54.82 -5.24 3.62 -1.46 0.27 18.62 47.78 0.17 -4.66 2.00 -0.05 42.94 102.60

run031 0.7 17.83 -41.13 -2.60 2.55 -1.10 0.25 14.02 35.67 -0.29 -3.43 1.51 -0.15 31.85 76.79

run032 0.6 13.02 -31.82 -0.55 1.82 -0.83 0.22 10.26 27.17 -0.13 -2.57 1.12 -0.19 23.28 58.99

run033 0.5 8.68 -22.72 -0.03 1.13 -0.59 0.19 6.99 19.17 -0.28 -1.75 0.78 -0.23 15.66 41.89

run034 0.4 5.23 -15.31 -0.03 0.68 -0.39 0.18 4.34 12.57 -0.11 -1.07 0.49 -0.26 9.56 27.88

run035 0.3 2.19 -8.50 -0.50 0.23 -0.21 0.17 2.07 6.42 -0.35 -0.45 0.26 -0.30 4.26 14.92

run036 0.2 0.38 -4.51 -0.86 0.02 -0.10 0.16 0.68 2.79 -0.44 -0.09 0.12 -0.29 1.06 7.31

Test 2

Tail position 2 and centre of pressure 2- 2 No. tails



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Bottom loadcell 150DaN Top loadcell 100DaN


run037 0 -0.32 0.34 0.10 0.12 -0.01 0.02 -0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.01 -0.21 -0.36 -0.28

run038 0.2 1.87 -2.99 0.56 -0.39 -0.11 0.04 1.18 3.34 0.04 -0.29 0.16 -0.21 3.05 6.32

run039 0.3 2.94 -7.65 0.54 0.32 -0.14 0.03 2.54 7.66 -0.24 -0.71 0.28 -0.17 5.48 15.32

run040 0.4 5.71 -14.10 0.74 0.96 -0.31 0.05 4.43 13.04 -0.21 -1.27 0.47 -0.15 10.14 27.14

run041 0.5 9.18 -21.87 0.92 1.79 -0.49 0.09 6.95 19.42 -0.53 -1.92 0.74 -0.13 16.13 41.30

run042 0.6 13.43 -31.43 0.46 2.77 -0.70 0.10 10.03 27.51 -0.69 -2.74 1.08 -0.08 23.46 58.93

run043 0.7 18.94 -44.00 -1.27 4.04 -0.96 0.15 13.86 38.28 -0.70 -3.85 1.47 0.01 32.80 82.27

run044 0.8 24.91 -57.31 -3.91 5.37 -1.24 0.20 18.05 49.68 -0.83 -5.01 1.91 0.13 42.96 106.99

run045 0.9 31.95 -73.25 -7.94 7.15 -1.59 0.24 22.91 62.94 -1.70 -6.36 2.43 0.20 54.86 136.18

run046 1 40.32 -91.58 -12.52 9.22 -1.99 0.31 28.58 78.32 -3.02 -7.91 3.03 0.27 68.90 169.89

run047 1.1 49.73 -110.33 -12.20 11.59 -2.44 0.38 35.32 93.57 -2.23 -9.44 3.72 0.34 85.05 203.90

run048 1.2 60.61 -131.84 -15.16 14.70 -2.93 0.46 42.75 109.92 -3.83 -11.07 4.47 0.44 103.36 241.75

Test 3


run049 0 -0.23 0.35 -0.13 0.01 -0.04 -0.09 0.18 0.23 0.09 -0.01 0.05 0.15 -0.05 -0.12

run050 0.2 2.23 -2.11 -1.13 0.18 -0.22 -0.03 1.68 2.07 -1.10 -0.18 0.23 0.15 3.91 4.18

run051 0.3 3.08 -7.82 -0.31 1.27 -0.22 -0.05 2.54 6.91 -0.64 -0.65 0.30 0.19 5.62 14.73

run052 0.4 5.80 -14.37 -0.07 2.23 -0.36 -0.02 4.39 12.01 -0.76 -1.15 0.49 0.22 10.19 26.37

run053 0.5 9.29 -22.84 -0.29 2.89 -0.53 0.00 6.92 19.36 -0.97 -1.88 0.75 0.26 16.21 42.20

run054 0.6 13.62 -34.23 -0.80 3.69 -0.78 0.02 10.02 29.18 -1.22 -2.85 1.06 0.34 23.64 63.40

run055 0.7 18.78 -46.79 -2.04 4.64 -1.07 0.05 13.66 39.82 -1.36 -3.89 1.43 0.44 32.44 86.61

run056 0.8 24.96 -62.16 -5.23 5.97 -1.43 0.10 18.22 53.26 -1.49 -5.21 1.89 0.53 43.18 115.42

run057 0.9 31.92 -79.24 -8.97 8.04 -1.80 0.16 23.12 67.31 -1.92 -6.59 2.39 0.62 55.04 146.55

run058 1 39.84 -97.29 -12.04 10.52 -2.21 0.22 28.66 82.07 -2.87 -8.03 2.94 0.73 68.50 179.36

run059 1.1 49.03 -118.19 -13.43 13.49 -2.60 0.30 35.01 98.66 -2.80 -9.63 3.58 0.83 84.03 216.84

run060 1.2 59.20 -140.92 -13.93 16.84 -3.02 0.41 41.69 116.59 -3.51 -11.36 4.23 0.92 100.89 257.52

Test 4


run061 0 0.13 -0.34 -0.03 0.12 0.15 0.01 0.06 -0.24 -0.19 0.07 -0.01 0.17 0.19 0.11

run062 0.3 3.68 -9.79 -0.46 1.12 0.00 0.05 2.74 7.93 -1.29 -0.75 0.28 0.13 6.42 17.72

run063 0.4 6.75 -17.88 -0.17 1.81 -0.20 0.06 5.08 14.83 -1.48 -1.46 0.51 0.21 11.83 32.71

run064 0.5 10.34 -27.19 -0.15 2.56 -0.42 0.09 7.78 22.84 -1.79 -2.27 0.80 0.26 18.12 50.03

run065 0.6 14.77 -38.14 0.02 3.43 -0.67 0.10 11.21 32.33 -1.65 -3.23 1.15 0.33 25.98 70.47

run066 0.7 20.10 -51.53 -1.21 4.62 -0.96 0.13 15.29 44.18 -1.66 -4.44 1.59 0.43 35.39 95.71

run067 0.8 26.26 -65.66 -4.19 5.98 -1.29 0.18 19.59 56.44 -1.75 -5.69 2.04 0.50 45.85 122.10

run068 0.9 33.79 -82.64 -7.89 7.73 -1.71 0.23 25.16 71.17 -2.65 -7.18 2.61 0.63 58.95 153.81

run069 1 41.41 -97.70 -9.96 9.28 -2.10 0.29 30.55 84.07 -1.80 -8.47 3.16 0.72 71.96 181.77

run070 1.1 50.91 -118.91 -12.71 11.67 -2.59 0.38 37.49 101.81 -3.08 -10.25 3.87 0.83 88.40 220.73

run071 1.2 61.23 -142.27 -13.61 14.31 -3.12 0.47 45.06 121.59 -2.49 -12.22 4.63 0.92 106.29 263.87

Test 5




of 27



run072 0 0.02 0.34 0.06 0.01 0.09 0.05 -0.28 0.12 0.31 0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.26 -0.22

run073 0.3 3.53 -7.50 -0.11 0.15 -0.09 0.06 2.16 7.24 -0.43 -0.67 0.24 0.06 5.69 14.74

run074 0.4 5.80 -12.85 0.27 0.75 -0.21 0.07 4.12 12.04 -0.19 -1.14 0.45 0.09 9.92 24.89

run075 0.5 9.11 -19.98 0.41 1.42 -0.37 0.08 6.52 18.00 -0.47 -1.73 0.69 0.12 15.63 37.98

run076 0.6 12.87 -27.65 -0.07 2.23 -0.56 0.10 9.28 24.40 -0.56 -2.37 0.97 0.19 22.15 52.05

run077 0.7 17.49 -36.47 -1.67 3.16 -0.75 0.13 12.62 31.85 -0.66 -3.11 1.31 0.22 30.10 68.32

run078 0.8 22.97 -46.09 -4.32 4.26 -0.98 0.17 16.25 39.78 -0.83 -3.90 1.68 0.26 39.22 85.87

run079 0.9 29.29 -58.15 -7.28 5.60 -1.24 0.22 20.55 49.59 -0.94 -4.86 2.12 0.31 49.84 107.75

run080 1 36.35 -70.20 -10.55 6.97 -1.57 0.25 25.56 59.32 -1.30 -5.82 2.62 0.36 61.91 129.52

run081 1.1 44.81 -84.16 -10.94 8.60 -1.97 0.32 31.70 70.80 -0.97 -6.93 3.22 0.40 76.51 154.96

run082 1.2 54.48 -99.03 -10.11 10.55 -2.33 0.38 38.23 82.63 -1.45 -8.07 3.86 0.50 92.70 181.66

Test 6


run083 0 0.21 0.00 0.46 0.03 0.07 -0.05 0.16 0.13 -0.19 0.04 -0.01 0.13 0.37 0.12

run084 0.3 6.21 -9.36 0.46 1.35 -0.23 0.06 4.29 7.40 -1.13 -0.68 0.41 0.17 10.50 16.76

run085 0.4 8.77 -15.81 0.92 2.04 -0.34 0.01 6.86 13.42 -1.37 -1.28 0.68 0.22 15.62 29.24

run086 0.5 12.16 -24.76 0.69 2.82 -0.50 0.02 9.21 21.14 -1.86 -2.04 0.93 0.29 21.37 45.90

run087 0.6 17.87 -37.13 1.00 3.79 -0.80 0.05 13.82 31.82 -1.85 -3.10 1.39 0.40 31.70 68.96

run088 0.7 21.12 -53.72 -0.21 5.41 -0.98 0.10 16.30 45.59 -2.48 -4.46 1.64 0.52 37.42 99.31

run089 0.8 27.54 -70.22 -3.00 7.37 -1.31 0.16 21.00 59.63 -3.06 -5.84 2.11 0.66 48.54 129.86

run090 0.9 36.20 -88.99 -6.76 9.88 -1.72 0.23 27.49 75.10 -3.96 -7.38 2.76 0.81 63.69 164.09

run091 1 44.34 -111.38 -10.02 13.03 -2.11 0.31 33.16 93.35 -4.66 -9.15 3.32 1.00 77.50 204.72

run092 1.1 53.53 -132.11 -11.94 16.01 -2.52 0.40 39.82 109.96 -4.92 -10.77 3.97 1.15 93.35 242.07

run093 1.2 65.08 -158.28 -14.20 19.82 -3.08 0.51 48.28 131.85 -6.22 -12.90 4.79 1.36 113.35 290.13

Test 7


run094 0 -0.06 -0.41 0.54 0.05 0.07 -0.16 0.36 -0.01 -0.13 0.02 -0.02 0.19 0.30 0.39

run095 0.3 3.41 -8.22 -0.60 1.08 -0.05 -0.11 2.74 6.28 -1.95 -0.63 0.21 0.22 6.15 14.50

run096 0.4 5.76 -13.59 0.26 1.52 -0.14 -0.09 4.60 11.28 -1.32 -1.14 0.42 0.25 10.37 24.87

run097 0.5 8.83 -20.46 0.22 2.05 -0.29 -0.10 6.84 17.22 -1.70 -1.75 0.67 0.28 15.67 37.68

run098 0.6 12.78 -29.10 -0.46 2.68 -0.48 -0.08 9.84 24.75 -2.08 -2.54 0.99 0.36 22.62 53.84

run099 0.7 17.27 -37.85 -2.28 3.28 -0.69 -0.07 13.07 32.44 -2.34 -3.33 1.32 0.40 30.33 70.28

run100 0.8 22.89 -48.55 -5.31 4.05 -0.93 -0.04 17.18 42.32 -2.55 -4.35 1.77 0.52 40.07 90.87

run101 0.9 29.45 -60.54 -9.27 4.91 -1.24 0.00 21.71 53.00 -3.74 -5.45 2.25 0.59 51.16 113.54

run102 1 36.28 -73.71 -11.90 6.03 -1.56 0.04 26.85 64.40 -3.48 -6.63 2.78 0.71 63.12 138.11

run103 1.1 44.02 -86.66 -12.32 7.26 -1.91 0.09 32.41 75.57 -2.79 -7.76 3.36 0.81 76.43 162.23

run104 1.2 53.56 -103.50 -13.39 9.01 -2.33 0.16 39.34 90.29 -4.26 -9.25 4.08 0.94 92.90 193.78

Test 8




of 27



run105 0 0.67 -0.27 0.24 0.11 0.00 -0.06 0.20 -0.05 0.21 -0.01 -0.05 0.09 0.87 0.22

run106 0.3 4.00 -8.06 0.60 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 2.65 7.38 -0.02 -0.70 0.16 0.13 6.65 15.43

run107 0.4 6.40 -13.68 0.93 0.65 -0.25 -0.06 4.52 12.18 -0.07 -1.17 0.35 0.20 10.93 25.86

run108 0.5 9.89 -21.31 0.94 1.43 -0.42 -0.03 6.91 18.34 -0.34 -1.77 0.59 0.25 16.80 39.65

run109 0.6 13.70 -29.10 0.61 2.26 -0.60 0.00 9.69 24.89 -0.43 -2.41 0.86 0.29 23.38 54.00

run110 0.7 18.29 -37.78 -1.19 3.18 -0.75 0.03 13.01 32.31 -0.69 -3.12 1.19 0.35 31.30 70.10

run111 0.8 24.07 -49.07 -3.79 4.46 -0.96 0.07 16.83 41.53 -0.99 -4.02 1.57 0.42 40.90 90.61

run112 0.9 30.48 -61.43 -8.59 5.76 -1.22 0.12 21.27 51.65 -3.26 -5.00 2.01 0.51 51.74 113.08

run113 1 38.21 -76.00 -14.64 7.36 -1.49 0.19 26.42 63.54 -7.25 -6.14 2.54 0.61 64.62 139.54

run114 1.1 46.43 -90.20 -20.56 9.01 -1.81 0.24 32.37 75.13 -11.78 -7.25 3.13 0.68 78.80 165.34

run115 1.2 55.62 -104.08 -25.57 10.74 -2.13 0.30 38.35 86.20 -17.93 -8.31 3.73 0.76 93.97 190.29

Test 9


run116 0 0.05 0.25 -0.27 0.12 0.04 0.05 -0.31 0.33 0.08 -0.02 0.00 0.03 -0.25 0.08

run117 0.3 4.19 -9.16 -1.48 1.35 -0.18 0.15 2.12 7.71 -1.61 -0.73 0.23 0.08 6.32 16.87

run118 0.4 5.69 -14.89 -0.73 1.91 -0.22 0.12 3.73 13.21 -1.11 -1.25 0.38 0.16 9.43 28.10

run119 0.5 8.71 -23.18 -0.61 2.63 -0.33 0.14 6.00 20.33 -1.23 -1.92 0.60 0.22 14.71 43.51

run120 0.6 12.61 -33.85 -1.38 3.58 -0.50 0.16 8.91 29.42 -1.67 -2.80 0.89 0.28 21.52 63.27

run121 0.7 17.09 -45.72 -3.36 4.68 -0.68 0.19 12.13 39.15 -2.11 -3.73 1.20 0.38 29.22 84.87

run122 0.8 21.90 -58.01 -6.33 5.76 -0.90 0.22 15.62 49.61 -2.53 -4.73 1.54 0.51 37.53 107.63

run123 0.9 28.26 -73.43 -10.05 7.55 -1.20 0.28 20.32 62.72 -3.18 -5.98 2.00 0.63 48.58 136.15

run124 1 35.38 -91.06 -13.97 9.88 -1.50 0.35 25.43 77.36 -4.21 -7.37 2.49 0.74 60.80 168.42

run125 1.1 43.56 -111.56 -20.11 12.65 -1.84 0.45 31.21 94.22 -9.19 -8.97 3.07 0.91 74.77 205.79

run126 1.2 52.88 -133.66 -26.67 15.82 -2.22 0.56 38.02 112.33 -14.32 -10.70 3.73 1.06 90.91 246.00

Test 10

Tail position 1 and centre of pressure 1 - 1 No. tail

run127 0 0.35 0.26 -0.06 0.22 0.02 0.21 -0.49 -0.37 0.05 0.05 -0.06 0.08 -0.14 -0.63

run128 0.3 4.36 -9.14 -6.67 0.95 -0.14 0.32 2.16 8.27 -0.53 -0.79 0.20 0.09 6.51 17.40

run129 0.4 6.65 -16.55 -4.80 1.59 -0.26 0.30 4.23 15.08 -0.59 -1.46 0.42 0.15 10.88 31.64

run130 0.5 9.85 -25.02 -4.59 2.21 -0.44 0.32 6.65 22.53 -1.03 -2.22 0.67 0.20 16.50 47.56

run131 0.6 14.05 -35.91 -4.74 3.01 -0.66 0.34 10.04 32.41 -1.38 -3.20 1.00 0.30 24.09 68.33

run132 0.7 18.48 -46.65 -6.08 3.74 -0.89 0.36 13.30 41.78 -1.33 -4.13 1.35 0.39 31.78 88.42

run133 0.8 23.44 -57.78 -9.54 4.45 -1.13 0.38 17.25 52.02 -1.24 -5.14 1.74 0.48 40.69 109.80

run134 0.9 29.50 -70.14 -12.03 5.42 -1.41 0.43 21.32 62.33 -1.58 -6.17 2.16 0.56 50.82 132.47

run135 1 35.46 -80.71 -14.40 6.10 -1.67 0.46 25.98 71.23 -1.06 -7.04 2.62 0.63 61.44 151.94

run136 1.1 42.85 -96.56 -17.63 7.47 -2.02 0.52 31.39 84.75 -2.51 -8.38 3.18 0.77 74.24 181.31

run137 1.2 52.31 -119.25 -18.96 9.42 -2.49 0.59 38.20 104.58 -2.97 -10.32 3.84 0.93 90.50 223.83

Test 11

Tail position 2 and centre of pressure 2 1 No. tail



of 27



run138 0 0.26 0.51 0.16 0.03 0.07 -0.05 0.14 0.10 -0.04 0.04 -0.09 0.06 0.40 -0.40

run139 0.3 3.51 -7.42 0.59 0.22 -0.06 -0.03 2.46 7.61 -0.27 -0.69 0.14 0.08 5.97 15.03

run140 0.4 5.86 -13.75 0.67 0.77 -0.17 -0.02 4.37 13.23 -0.40 -1.25 0.35 0.11 10.23 26.98

run141 0.5 8.97 -21.27 0.87 1.44 -0.32 0.01 6.76 19.54 -0.57 -1.88 0.59 0.17 15.73 40.82

run142 0.6 12.73 -31.01 0.58 2.33 -0.47 0.02 9.62 27.85 -0.76 -2.72 0.87 0.24 22.35 58.86

run143 0.7 17.74 -42.98 -0.93 3.39 -0.67 0.06 13.14 38.14 -0.73 -3.74 1.23 0.34 30.88 81.12

run144 0.8 23.26 -56.35 -3.91 4.59 -0.88 0.11 17.16 49.78 -0.47 -4.90 1.65 0.45 40.42 106.12

run145 0.9 30.25 -71.07 -7.29 6.01 -1.14 0.16 21.78 62.01 -0.61 -6.13 2.12 0.54 52.03 133.08

run146 1 38.09 -89.15 -10.38 7.87 -1.44 0.21 27.26 77.61 -1.14 -7.67 2.68 0.69 65.35 166.76

run147 1.1 46.88 -109.39 -12.54 10.01 -1.81 0.28 33.72 95.01 -1.52 -9.38 3.33 0.87 80.59 204.40

run148 1.2 57.08 -131.11 -14.95 12.42 -2.23 0.35 41.52 113.76 -1.27 -11.23 4.11 1.05 98.61 244.86

Test 12


run149 0 0.17 0.56 0.07 -0.09 0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.05 -0.19 -0.04 0.02 -0.07 0.17 -0.51

run150 0.3 4.85 -7.24 0.62 0.81 -0.16 0.06 3.36 6.74 -0.25 -0.71 0.34 0.02 8.21 13.98

run151 0.4 5.72 -15.03 0.84 2.07 -0.17 0.04 4.33 13.05 -0.68 -1.36 0.44 0.06 10.05 28.08

run152 0.5 9.12 -24.38 0.81 2.66 -0.32 0.03 6.80 21.22 -0.99 -2.18 0.70 0.13 15.92 45.60

run153 0.6 13.14 -35.08 0.90 3.42 -0.50 0.06 9.90 30.81 -1.24 -3.14 1.02 0.22 23.04 65.89

run154 0.7 18.03 -48.21 -0.43 4.32 -0.72 0.09 13.87 42.64 -0.82 -4.32 1.42 0.35 31.90 90.86

run155 0.8 24.77 -65.45 -2.57 5.61 -1.05 0.13 18.82 58.39 -1.33 -5.89 1.93 0.57 43.59 123.84

run156 0.9 31.31 -81.35 -5.96 7.11 -1.33 0.19 23.74 72.63 -1.70 -7.30 2.42 0.69 55.05 153.98

run157 1 39.17 -100.43 -9.57 9.44 -1.63 0.24 29.37 89.02 -2.85 -8.92 2.99 0.88 68.54 189.45

run158 1.1 48.32 -122.75 -9.94 12.18 -1.99 0.33 36.02 107.92 -1.47 -10.77 3.65 1.06 84.34 230.67

run159 1.2 58.76 -147.45 -12.14 15.29 -2.44 0.42 43.56 129.00 -3.20 -12.82 4.42 1.27 102.32 276.45

Test 13


run160 0 0.07 0.12 0.40 -0.05 0.14 0.08 0.19 0.14 0.08 0.07 -0.01 -0.10 0.26 0.02

run161 0.3 4.98 -6.52 0.12 0.37 0.09 0.10 3.47 6.52 -0.74 -0.54 0.34 -0.05 8.45 13.05

run162 0.4 8.62 -12.59 0.58 0.91 -0.08 0.11 6.61 12.24 -1.02 -1.10 0.66 -0.01 15.23 24.83

run163 0.5 15.19 -21.24 0.66 1.36 -0.39 0.12 12.20 20.50 -1.03 -1.91 1.22 0.09 27.39 41.75

run164 0.6 19.69 -29.22 0.23 1.83 -0.60 0.12 15.78 27.72 -1.20 -2.63 1.58 0.18 35.47 56.94

run165 0.7 28.12 -42.07 -0.69 2.79 -1.04 0.17 22.98 39.78 -0.80 -3.82 2.29 0.31 51.10 81.85

run166 0.8 36.80 -54.30 -4.08 3.66 -1.48 0.19 30.19 51.22 -1.04 -4.93 3.00 0.44 66.99 105.53

run167 0.9 46.52 -70.85 -8.29 5.12 -2.01 0.25 38.36 66.58 -1.29 -6.43 3.81 0.56 84.89 137.43

run168 1 56.35 -90.18 -12.10 6.74 -2.57 0.31 46.59 84.74 -1.26 -8.19 4.62 0.72 102.95 174.92

run169 1.1 70.10 -106.00 -15.81 8.11 -3.21 0.36 57.81 99.69 -1.24 -9.63 5.73 0.86 127.91 205.68

run170 1.2 84.95 -124.67 -21.77 9.66 -3.96 0.41 70.08 117.42 -1.73 -11.34 6.92 1.12 155.03 242.09

Test 14




of 27



run171 0 -0.34 0.17 -0.05 -0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 -0.32 0.08 0.02 0.02 -0.05 -0.33 -0.49

run172 0.3 2.25 -6.11 0.34 0.09 -0.09 0.02 2.16 5.38 -0.01 -0.57 0.26 -0.03 4.41 11.49

run173 0.4 4.61 -12.17 0.83 0.65 -0.17 0.03 3.94 10.27 0.27 -1.10 0.46 0.00 8.55 22.45

run174 0.5 7.34 -18.20 0.16 1.21 -0.28 0.05 5.86 14.90 -0.59 -1.60 0.67 0.06 13.20 33.10

run175 0.6 10.45 -24.13 -0.42 1.77 -0.38 0.05 8.28 19.51 -0.95 -2.11 0.94 0.10 18.73 43.64

run176 0.7 14.38 -31.16 -1.47 2.44 -0.50 0.07 11.02 24.97 -1.23 -2.70 1.24 0.15 25.40 56.13

run177 0.8 18.85 -39.01 -4.16 3.17 -0.62 0.09 14.40 30.90 -1.27 -3.35 1.61 0.22 33.25 69.90

run178 0.9 24.19 -48.32 -6.67 4.05 -0.77 0.11 18.00 37.89 -1.27 -4.11 2.01 0.30 42.19 86.21

run179 1 30.30 -59.27 -9.18 5.10 -0.95 0.16 22.49 46.31 -1.05 -5.00 2.50 0.37 52.79 105.58

run180 1.1 37.10 -70.40 -10.37 6.19 -1.17 0.20 27.27 55.03 -2.21 -5.94 3.02 0.46 64.37 125.44

run181 1.2 45.12 -85.02 -13.18 7.72 -1.42 0.26 33.10 66.72 -4.11 -7.19 3.67 0.63 78.22 151.74

Test 15


run182 0 0.46 0.60 0.24 0.03 -0.04 0.00 0.20 0.02 0.09 -0.01 0.06 -0.14 0.66 -0.58

run183 0.3 7.38 -8.41 0.25 1.40 -0.34 0.09 5.77 7.51 -0.33 -0.73 0.61 -0.07 13.15 15.92

run184 0.4 11.62 -15.14 0.80 2.07 -0.52 0.06 9.81 13.96 -0.48 -1.36 1.02 0.00 21.43 29.10

run185 0.5 18.48 -24.10 1.01 2.88 -0.82 0.08 15.66 22.03 -0.64 -2.17 1.59 0.07 34.14 46.13

run186 0.6 25.82 -33.69 0.91 3.70 -1.14 0.10 21.72 31.17 -0.84 -3.07 2.21 0.16 47.54 64.85

Test 16 Tail position 1 and cop 3 - 1 No. tail

run187 0 0.36 0.31 0.24 -0.06 0.02 0.05 0.13 -0.12 -0.01 0.04 -0.05 -0.11 0.49 -0.43

run188 0.3 3.28 -6.65 -2.56 -0.01 -0.22 0.04 2.68 6.15 -3.47 -0.58 0.19 -0.16 5.97 12.80

run189 0.4 5.55 -11.54 -2.49 0.40 -0.32 0.06 4.42 10.20 -3.48 -0.99 0.37 -0.10 9.97 21.74

run190 0.5 8.32 -17.42 -2.44 0.89 -0.44 0.07 6.53 15.03 -3.48 -1.47 0.58 -0.07 14.85 32.45

run191 0.6 11.82 -24.55 -2.94 1.54 -0.56 0.08 9.11 20.80 -3.51 -2.04 0.84 0.01 20.93 45.35

run192 0.7 16.26 -36.53 -5.36 2.95 -0.61 0.12 12.17 30.35 -4.44 -2.99 1.14 0.12 28.42 66.87

run193 0.8 21.05 -45.54 -8.51 3.88 -0.76 0.14 15.53 37.37 -4.71 -3.69 1.47 0.18 36.57 82.90

run194 0.9 26.76 -57.62 -12.79 5.06 -0.93 0.17 19.53 47.00 -5.70 -4.63 1.89 0.28 46.29 104.61

run195 1 33.37 -70.20 -14.88 6.34 -1.09 0.24 24.08 57.44 -5.07 -5.64 2.34 0.38 57.45 127.64

run196 1.1 40.94 -83.90 -14.89 7.77 -1.31 0.29 29.08 68.20 -5.54 -6.69 2.83 0.50 70.02 152.10

run197 1.2 49.18 -99.64 -17.89 9.56 -1.54 0.36 34.99 81.05 -5.53 -7.93 3.41 0.64 84.18 180.69

Test 17


run198 0 0.23 -0.28 0.04 0.10 0.11 -0.05 -0.10 -0.37 -0.10 0.01 0.01 -0.16 0.13 -0.09

run199 0.3 4.68 -6.72 0.48 1.27 0.03 0.01 3.11 4.98 -0.20 -0.54 0.33 -0.12 7.79 11.70

run200 0.4 5.05 -13.22 0.36 1.63 -0.08 0.03 3.72 10.50 -0.71 -1.10 0.39 -0.07 8.77 23.72

run201 0.5 7.81 -20.39 0.52 2.36 -0.21 0.02 5.81 16.37 -0.80 -1.70 0.61 0.01 13.62 36.76

run202 0.6 11.27 -28.86 -0.36 3.39 -0.36 0.04 8.38 23.30 -1.31 -2.41 0.89 0.05 19.65 52.16

run203 0.7 15.56 -37.89 -1.93 4.71 -0.47 0.07 11.55 30.56 -1.12 -3.14 1.20 0.12 27.11 68.45

run204 0.8 20.49 -48.69 -4.63 5.41 -0.64 0.10 15.22 40.02 -0.93 -4.11 1.58 0.22 35.71 88.71

run205 0.9 26.07 -60.47 -7.13 6.31 -0.86 0.14 19.26 49.99 -0.89 -5.12 1.99 0.35 45.33 110.46

run206 1 33.24 -75.55 -9.72 7.53 -1.13 0.19 24.35 62.90 -1.14 -6.42 2.52 0.47 57.59 138.45

run207 1.1 39.84 -88.14 -12.13 8.43 -1.38 0.23 29.38 73.91 -1.42 -7.52 3.03 0.59 69.22 162.05

run208 1.2 47.99 -104.65 -12.86 9.83 -1.68 0.29 35.24 87.89 -1.48 -8.91 3.60 0.75 83.24 192.54

Test 18




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run209 0 0.15 -0.33 -0.07 -0.03 -0.06 -0.04 -0.01 -0.31 -0.24 -0.04 -0.02 -0.07 0.13 0.01

run210 0.3 3.47 -8.67 1.17 1.06 -0.14 -0.01 2.55 6.71 0.40 -0.75 0.25 -0.01 6.02 15.38

run211 0.4 6.28 -15.77 0.53 1.93 -0.23 0.01 4.54 12.32 -0.65 -1.31 0.47 0.04 10.82 28.09

run212 0.5 9.82 -24.46 0.50 2.49 -0.36 0.01 7.18 19.70 -1.30 -2.08 0.76 0.11 17.00 44.16

run213 0.6 14.16 -35.62 0.33 3.22 -0.54 0.04 10.66 29.17 -1.58 -3.05 1.10 0.20 24.82 64.79

run214 0.7 20.02 -51.12 -0.82 4.27 -0.78 0.08 15.29 42.20 -1.68 -4.37 1.58 0.37 35.30 93.33

run215 0.8 26.45 -66.78 -2.98 5.52 -1.04 0.11 20.13 55.36 -1.72 -5.70 2.08 0.49 46.58 122.14

Test 19 Tail position 1 and centre of pressure 2 - 1 bottom tail

run216 0 0.05 -0.28 -0.04 -0.04 -0.05 0.04 0.27 -0.28 -0.17 -0.02 0.02 -0.09 0.32 0.01

run217 0.3 2.78 -4.70 -0.18 0.55 -0.10 0.08 2.29 3.74 -0.84 -0.43 0.21 -0.09 5.07 8.44

run218 0.4 6.44 -17.04 0.36 1.81 -0.22 0.09 4.99 13.00 -1.13 -1.36 0.50 0.02 11.43 30.05

run219 0.5 9.91 -25.98 0.63 2.40 -0.35 0.11 7.69 20.58 -1.31 -2.13 0.77 0.06 17.60 46.56

run220 0.6 14.43 -37.36 0.43 3.17 -0.54 0.13 11.23 30.31 -1.53 -3.13 1.14 0.15 25.66 67.67

run221 0.7 19.68 -50.85 -0.69 4.08 -0.75 0.16 15.21 41.59 -1.55 -4.28 1.55 0.24 34.89 92.44

run222 0.8 26.02 -66.19 -3.16 5.36 -1.02 0.20 19.98 54.53 -1.82 -5.60 2.05 0.41 46.00 120.72

Test 20 Tail position 1 and centre of pressure 2 - 1 No. tail- No weights

run223 0 -0.22 0.06 0.09 0.01 -0.07 -0.05 0.20 -0.28 0.05 0.05 0.04 -0.12 -0.01 -0.34

run224 0.2 1.17 -0.13 -0.44 0.03 -0.08 -0.03 0.98 -0.45 -0.63 0.07 0.13 -0.18 2.15 -0.32

run225 0.3 2.36 0.14 -0.03 0.09 -0.08 -0.05 1.95 -0.48 -0.46 0.09 0.23 -0.16 4.31 -0.62

run226 0.4 4.57 0.23 0.73 0.10 -0.12 -0.05 3.56 -0.54 0.16 0.09 0.40 -0.19 8.14 -0.77

run227 0.5 7.70 0.39 0.28 0.13 -0.17 -0.05 5.77 -0.72 -0.38 0.10 0.63 -0.13 13.47 -1.11

run228 0.6 11.03 0.32 -0.22 0.27 -0.24 -0.07 8.09 -1.00 -0.67 0.13 0.86 -0.19 19.12 -1.32

run229 0.7 15.80 0.53 -1.76 0.50 -0.26 -0.08 11.53 -1.24 -0.62 0.16 1.22 -0.15 27.34 -1.77

run230 0.8 20.83 0.81 -4.15 0.26 -0.45 -0.10 15.17 -1.16 -0.89 0.15 1.58 -0.14 36.00 -1.97

run231 0.9 25.50 0.94 -6.11 -0.01 -0.60 -0.08 18.72 -1.03 -0.05 0.13 1.92 -0.23 44.21 -1.97

run232 1 31.80 1.11 -9.00 -0.35 -0.85 -0.11 23.68 -0.95 -0.20 0.12 2.42 -0.22 55.48 -2.07

run233 1.1 40.35 1.11 -9.19 -0.72 -1.18 -0.12 30.51 -0.57 0.55 0.08 3.11 -0.25 70.86 -1.68

run234 1.2 48.21 1.04 -10.99 -0.93 -1.44 -0.14 36.62 -0.37 0.36 0.06 3.72 -0.25 84.84 -1.41

Test 21

Flyer without foils and 2 No. Tails - Drag

Test

run235 0 -0.05 0.42 -0.58 -0.07 0.07 0.12 -0.20 0.23 -0.35 -0.02 -0.03 -0.12 -0.25 -0.19

run236 0.4 3.50 -2.21 3.59 0.38 -0.01 0.11 2.36 2.44 2.71 -0.24 0.22 -0.06 5.87 4.65

run237 0.4 4.06 -8.43 2.71 1.25 -0.02 0.14 2.69 7.44 1.94 -0.71 0.25 0.04 6.74 15.87

run238 0.4 4.81 -13.25 3.11 1.80 -0.04 0.16 3.23 11.33 2.23 -1.10 0.29 -0.10 8.05 24.58

run239 0.4 5.20 -14.64 2.32 1.98 -0.05 0.17 3.62 12.58 1.46 -1.22 0.33 -0.13 8.82 27.22

run240 0.4 5.45 -15.23 2.84 2.07 -0.06 0.16 3.78 12.97 1.69 -1.27 0.35 -0.11 9.23 28.20

run241 0.4 5.58 -15.37 2.92 2.07 -0.06 0.17 3.83 13.02 1.88 -1.28 0.36 -0.11 9.41 28.39

run242 0.4 5.69 -15.94 2.98 2.16 -0.07 0.18 4.03 13.53 1.91 -1.33 0.38 -0.10 9.73 29.47

run243 0.4 5.76 -15.92 3.43 2.15 -0.08 0.17 4.13 13.48 2.29 -1.32 0.38 -0.11 9.89 29.41

run244 0.4 6.03 -16.24 3.63 2.15 -0.09 0.18 4.36 13.75 2.48 -1.36 0.40 -0.11 10.39 29.99

run245 0.4 6.26 -16.28 3.59 2.17 -0.10 0.17 4.45 13.75 2.55 -1.35 0.43 -0.10 10.70 30.03

run246 0.4 6.86 -14.65 4.01 1.90 -0.13 0.18 5.10 12.55 3.14 -1.25 0.48 -0.20 11.95 27.20

run247 0.4 7.13 -13.94 2.80 1.78 -0.13 0.16 5.33 12.07 2.07 -1.20 0.50 -0.23 12.46 26.01

run248 0.4 8.37 -12.09 2.66 1.45 -0.21 0.15 6.56 10.80 2.27 -1.09 0.63 -0.02 14.92 22.89

Test 22

Flyer with foils, without tails - Lift test 1



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run249 0 -0.16 0.42 2.34 -0.12 0.09 0.10 -0.24 0.24 2.53 -0.05 -0.05 -0.11 -0.40 -0.18

run250 0.6 8.60 -5.90 3.17 1.00 -0.10 0.12 5.81 4.90 1.89 -0.50 0.55 0.25 14.41 10.79

run251 0.6 9.65 -21.89 4.77 2.62 -0.15 0.19 6.51 17.82 3.73 -1.77 0.59 0.26 16.17 39.71

run252 0.6 11.19 -30.25 3.66 3.26 -0.24 0.20 7.66 25.41 2.53 -2.51 0.75 0.12 18.85 55.66

run253 0.6 12.05 -33.39 3.16 3.50 -0.28 0.22 8.37 28.14 1.92 -2.76 0.80 0.03 20.42 61.53

run254 0.6 12.37 -34.40 3.10 3.61 -0.30 0.22 8.68 29.05 1.93 -2.86 0.83 -0.04 21.05 63.45

run255 0.6 12.51 -34.90 3.17 3.64 -0.33 0.21 8.78 29.51 1.91 -2.91 0.84 -0.06 21.29 64.41

run256 0.6 12.91 -36.00 3.04 3.74 -0.35 0.22 9.34 30.34 1.49 -2.98 0.89 -0.05 22.24 66.34

run257 0.6 13.14 -35.84 3.23 3.74 -0.35 0.23 9.47 30.11 1.36 -2.96 0.90 -0.06 22.61 65.95

run258 0.6 13.47 -36.37 3.56 3.76 -0.37 0.21 9.87 30.64 1.66 -3.02 0.94 -0.10 23.34 67.01

run259 0.6 13.82 -36.69 3.21 3.79 -0.39 0.22 10.06 30.77 1.00 -3.03 0.96 -0.10 23.88 67.46

run260 0.6 14.16 -36.65 3.57 3.81 -0.41 0.23 10.40 30.83 1.52 -3.04 0.98 -0.08 24.56 67.48

run261 0.6 14.86 -35.96 2.92 3.76 -0.43 0.22 11.18 30.07 1.26 -2.98 1.07 -0.08 26.04 66.03

run262 0.6 15.91 -36.11 3.60 3.75 -0.47 0.23 12.04 30.30 2.21 -3.00 1.15 -0.11 27.95 66.41

run263 0.6 19.18 -29.84 3.04 3.17 -0.56 0.21 14.74 25.94 2.00 -2.58 1.43 0.16 33.92 55.78

Test 23


run264 0 0.22 0.27 2.25 -0.16 0.04 0.10 -0.12 0.26 2.21 -0.05 -0.06 -0.15 0.10 -0.01

run265 0.8 16.34 -11.74 -2.20 1.63 -0.29 0.15 11.34 9.89 -0.53 -0.99 1.08 0.79 27.69 21.63

run266 0.8 17.42 -36.61 -1.65 3.72 -0.39 0.18 11.74 30.57 0.91 -3.01 1.12 0.47 29.16 67.18

run267 0.8 20.82 -53.81 -1.47 4.95 -0.58 0.24 14.40 45.58 1.31 -4.46 1.37 0.22 35.22 99.39

run268 0.8 22.02 -57.98 -1.87 5.28 -0.65 0.27 15.36 49.42 0.98 -4.84 1.47 0.11 37.38 107.40

run269 0.8 22.76 -60.57 -0.98 5.53 -0.71 0.28 16.02 51.79 1.83 -5.07 1.54 0.04 38.78 112.36

run270 0.8 23.28 -62.27 -0.55 5.71 -0.74 0.27 16.36 52.96 2.34 -5.18 1.58 -0.05 39.65 115.23

run271 0.8 23.74 -63.25 0.05 5.80 -0.78 0.29 16.93 53.99 2.77 -5.28 1.62 -0.15 40.67 117.24

run272 0.8 24.23 -64.69 -0.67 5.93 -0.81 0.29 17.38 55.08 2.05 -5.39 1.67 -0.19 41.62 119.77

run273 0.8 24.93 -65.90 0.09 6.06 -0.85 0.31 18.13 56.02 1.86 -5.48 1.74 -0.18 43.06 121.92

run274 0.8 25.26 -65.73 -0.07 6.06 -0.88 0.30 18.38 55.86 1.36 -5.46 1.78 -0.22 43.64 121.59

run275 0.8 25.75 -66.58 0.45 6.17 -0.93 0.31 19.04 56.77 2.43 -5.55 1.84 -0.23 44.79 123.35

run276 0.8 26.72 -67.05 0.18 6.30 -0.98 0.32 19.69 57.23 1.99 -5.60 1.91 -0.16 46.41 124.28

run277 0.8 28.58 -63.44 0.22 5.76 -1.02 0.29 21.14 55.07 2.67 -5.39 2.03 -0.41 49.72 118.50

run278 0.8 33.85 -55.00 0.61 4.98 -1.17 0.27 26.15 47.76 2.15 -4.68 2.56 -0.03 59.99 102.76

Test 24




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run279 0 -0.78 -0.71 0.42 0.70 -0.41 0.12 1.07 -0.27 -0.08 0.04 0.10 -0.18 0.28 0.44

run280 0.4 3.04 -0.54 0.09 0.62 -0.42 0.10 3.97 0.22 -0.91 -0.01 0.39 -0.15 7.00 0.76

run281 0.6 8.22 -0.59 -1.31 0.55 -0.52 0.08 7.72 0.61 -1.87 -0.06 0.77 -0.08 15.94 1.20

run282 0.8 16.26 -0.92 9.52 0.71 -0.72 0.05 13.79 0.89 12.99 -0.08 1.33 0.10 30.05 1.81

run283 0.4 3.57 -1.10 19.40 1.02 -0.40 0.12 4.14 0.53 18.40 -0.04 0.35 0.00 7.70 1.62

run284 0.6 8.83 -1.57 17.85 0.85 -0.49 0.12 8.15 1.66 17.26 -0.17 0.75 0.24 16.99 3.24

run285 0.8 17.66 -2.15 29.98 0.81 -0.73 0.10 14.97 3.22 33.22 -0.32 1.42 0.77 32.64 5.37

run286 0.4 4.01 -1.33 41.28 1.03 -0.31 0.20 4.16 0.81 40.50 -0.09 0.30 0.17 8.17 2.14

run287 0.6 9.44 -1.81 39.29 0.82 -0.42 0.18 8.40 2.49 38.77 -0.26 0.74 0.52 17.84 4.30

run288 0.8 18.81 -2.27 36.08 0.66 -0.77 0.12 15.88 4.75 38.81 -0.48 1.51 1.30 34.69 7.02

run289 0.4 4.20 -1.26 39.03 0.99 -0.32 0.19 4.46 0.52 38.20 -0.07 0.33 0.13 8.67 1.78

run290 0.6 9.65 -1.42 37.75 0.77 -0.44 0.18 8.72 1.56 36.86 -0.17 0.78 0.42 18.37 2.99

run291 0.8 19.79 -1.95 34.98 0.61 -0.80 0.11 16.88 4.84 37.40 -0.50 1.64 1.61 36.66 6.79

run292 0.4 3.93 -1.22 18.84 1.11 -0.37 0.16 4.19 0.29 17.70 -0.04 0.37 0.09 8.12 1.51

run293 0.6 9.35 -1.34 17.82 0.94 -0.49 0.15 8.54 1.22 16.45 -0.14 0.83 0.40 17.89 2.57

run294 0.8 19.79 -1.58 21.05 0.69 -0.82 0.10 17.50 3.58 23.01 -0.38 1.75 1.41 37.29 5.16

run295 0.4 4.20 -1.27 33.50 1.05 -0.29 0.18 4.13 0.32 32.50 -0.05 0.33 0.13 8.33 1.59

run296 0.6 9.60 -1.51 32.33 0.89 -0.44 0.18 8.71 1.27 31.00 -0.16 0.82 0.49 18.31 2.78

run297 0.8 19.69 -1.60 24.88 0.81 -0.80 0.12 17.69 3.17 26.60 -0.35 1.77 1.42 37.38 4.77

Test 25

Flyer without foils with Top tail at 0

0 Drag

Test

run298 0 -0.51 -0.94 0.47 0.95 -0.37 0.15 0.78 -0.40 0.10 0.03 0.08 -0.19 0.27 0.54

run299 0.4 3.45 -0.45 0.37 0.97 -0.43 0.14 3.90 -1.30 -0.59 0.13 0.41 -0.47 7.35 -0.85

run300 0.6 8.56 0.04 -0.71 1.03 -0.58 0.12 8.06 -3.13 -1.54 0.31 0.85 -0.89 16.62 -3.16

run301 0.8 16.06 0.37 7.61 1.23 -0.73 0.12 13.81 -5.33 10.33 0.52 1.43 -1.37 29.87 -5.70

Test 26 Flyer without foils with Top tail at 15

0 Drag

Test



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2.4 ANALYSIS & CONCLUSIONS Analysis and conclusions of the testing is still on-going but some initial analysis has been carried out and this is presented here. Initially the Lift and Drag curves versus

water velocity were mapped and are presented below. These results are for Tests 1 to 18 inclusive.

Lift VS Flow speed

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2

Speed [m/s]

Lif

t [�

]

Lift, tail1 center pressure1









Lift, one tail1 center pressure1










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Drag VS Flow speed

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2

Speed [m/s]

Lif

t [�

]

Drag, tail1 center pressure1









Drag, one tail1 center pressure1








frame drag

Drag, one tail1 centre pressure 3



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3 MAIN LEARNING OUTCOMES

3.1 PROGRESS MADE Comparing the Achievements against the plan for the tests, approximately 95% of the plan for the tests was

completed. While the analysis is still being undertaken in regard to the results obtained, OOE now has the raw data

with which to make decisions in regard to the optimum design for the Tidal Flyer system. Our understanding of the

Lift and Drag forces involved in a static system including the magnitude and direction of those forces is significantly

greater than prior to the tests.

In addition, with the number of varying positions for the centre of pressure and the varying tail configurations

(position and number), we can now make an informed decision as to the optimal location for the main shafts and the

number and position of the tail(s). We did not look at different tail profiles and this will have to be undertaken in

future tests.

The analysis of the raw data will continue.

3.1.1 Progress Made: For This User-Group or Technology

It is considered that the most crucial piece of the design of each array is the location of the centre of pressure, which

is where the main shaft is located. The main shaft is the point of rotation of the main foils. From these tests, OOE

have gained the knowledge of where the centre of pressure is located which varies depending upon the location of

the self-trimming tail and various positions of tail location were tested too and therefore, a considerable amount of

data was obtained.

It was also learned that the location of the centre of pressure is an exact location and that a few millimetres either

side of the exact point can have a significant effect on the forces produced. Of course this tolerance will grow as the

system is scaled up in size but with the exact location obtained, all future systems can be designed with optimum

performance in mind in regard to this aspect.

3.1.1.1 Next Steps for Research or Staged Development Plan – Exit/Change & Retest/Proceed?

It is considered that that next step for the research is to examine how the system can be scaled up to a 1/8th or

1/4th scale prototype model. With the increase in size and (more than likely width), a suitable site will need to be

found for this type of system. In addition, it will be necessary for OOE to raise money to develop the system for the

next development stage.

3.1.2 Progress Made: For Marine Renewable Energy Industry

It is understood that the tests undertaken by OOE at IFREMER were the 1st of their kind and therefore, the

knowledge gained in this process can be made available to other companies who which to look at similar devices or

with parts of systems with similar characteristics.

In addition, the test set up was unusual in that we had a rotating shaft which was connected to 2 No. '6 degree-of-

freedom' load cells; one at the top and one at the bottom, which was the 1st time that type of configuration was

used at IFREMER and the set up and tests with this configuration was a success.



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3.2 KEY LESSONS LEARNED • Record as much data as possible;

• Use video recorders at all times and as many as you can manage to record the tests from different angles (as

appropriate). If possible also have a method to synchronise video with raw data.

• Make your own notes in regard to recorded data; do not just rely on the electronic recording of data which

usually does not allow for observations.

• Discuss the tests with the team and with IFREMER staff as they are being undertaken to develop a deeper

understanding of potential improvised changes to the test rig for future tests.

• Make sure to have enough personnel for all the tests you want to undertake including making changes

between tests.

4 FURTHER INFORMATION

4.1 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS List of any scientific publications made (already or planned) as a result of this work:

• None at present.

4.2 WEBSITE & SOCIAL MEDIA Website: Under construction

YouTube Link(s): None at present

LinkedIn/Twitter/Facebook Links: Under consideration

Online Photographs Link: None

5 REFERENCES None

6 APPENDICES

6.1 STAGE DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY TABLE The table following offers an overview of the test programmes recommended by IEA-OES for each Technology

Readiness Level. This is only offered as a guide and is in no way extensive of the full test programme that should be

committed to at each TRL.



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6.2 ANY OTHER APPENDICES None

: Tidal Flyer Junior Investigation of the a Novel Tidal ...

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