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The Skull

王 配 军

http://anatomy.doclink.cnhttp://www.yymc.edu.cn/yuanxi/jcb/jpk/jpk-index.htmE-mail:peijunwang568@yahoo.com.cn

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1. 掌握颅的组成，脑颅、面颅的划分。2.握颅底内面观的主要结构。3.掌握眶、骨性鼻腔的形态特征。骨性鼻旁 窦的名称、位置及开口。4.掌握颅骨的常用骨性标志：眉弓、颧弓、 下颌角、舌骨、乳突、枕外隆突。5.了解新生儿颅骨的特征及生后变化。

目的要求

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The skull

The skull contains 23 bones .The skull is divided into two parts :cerebralcranium and facialCranium.

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( 一） The cerebral cranium

The cerebral cranium consists of eight cranial bones .

one frontal one ethmoid one sphenoid one occipital two parietal two temporal

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maxilla palatine paired zygomatic bones nasal lacrimal bones inferior nasal conchae

vomer Unpaired mandible bones hyoid

( 二） The facial cranium The facial cranium are fifteen in number.

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1. The mandible

2. The hyoidangle of mandible

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( 三） The skull as a whole

1.The superior aspect of the skull coronal suture sagittal suture lambdoid suture

2.The posterior aspect of the skull external occipital protuberance

superior nuchal line

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3.The internal surface of the base of skull

It is divided into three fossa. These are the anterior,the middle and the posterior cranial fossa.

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frontal crest foramen cecum crista galli cribriform plat cribriform foramina

(1) The anterior cranial fossa

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hypophysial fossa

optic canal

anterior clinoid process

dorsum sellae

posterior clinoid process

superior orbital fissure

foramen lacerum

foramen rotundum

foramen ovale

foramen spinosum

sulcus for middle meningeal artery

(2) The middle cranial fossa

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foramen magnum

hypoglossal canal

internal occipital protuberance

sulcus for superior sagittal sinus

sulcus for transverse sinus

sulcus for sigmoid sinus

jugular foramen

internal acoustic pore

(3) The posterior cranial fossa

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4.The external surface of the base of skull

alveolar arch incisive foramina greater palatine posterior nasal apertures occipital condyle hypoglossal canal jugular foramen styloid process stylomastiod foramen

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5.The lateral view of skull

external acoustic pore mastoid process zygomatic arch temporal fossa infratemporal fossa pterion

infratemporal fossa pterygopalatine fossa

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硬膜外出血

翼点

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6.The front view of skull

(2) the orbits ① orbital opening

supraorbital foramen (notch) ② orbital apex:optic canal ③ superior wall:lacrimal fossa ④ medial wall: lacrimal sac fossa, nasolacrimal canal

(1) the forehead superciliary arch

⑤ inferior wall: inferior orbital fissure, inferior orbital foramen

⑥ lateral wall: superior orbital fissure

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nasal septem superior middle conchae inferior superior middle meatus inferior sphenoethmoidal recess

(3) the bony nasal cavity

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(4) the paranasal sinuses ① the frontal sinuses ② the ethmoidal sinuses ③ the sphenoidal sinuses ④ the maxillary sinuses

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( 四） The skull at birth

(5) the oral cavity

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小 结

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Thank you !