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`inteleqtuali~, #40, 2020 `INTELLECTUAL~, #40, 2020

humanitaruli da socialuri mecnierebebi THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

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nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo da

samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba

ela kusiani

aRmosavleT evropis universitetis doqtoranti

Sesavali. evrokavSirSi integraciis gzaze myofi saqarTvelosaTvis metad

mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis gamoyenebis gaZliereba da erovnuli kanonmdeblobisa da sasamarTlo praqtikis evropul standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana. Kkonkretul SemTxveva-Si gamovyof 1950 wlis 4 noemberis adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis konvenciiT (SemdgomSi evro konvencia) garanti-rebul samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas, romelsac gaaCnia fun-damenturi mniSvneloba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. evrokonvenciis me-6 muxlis dacvis obieqts warmoadgens kanonis uzenaesobis principi, romelsac emyareba mTlianad sazogadoeba.1 aRniSnuli muxliT garantirebuli uflebebia: sasamarTlos xelmisawvdomoba, procesis sajarooba, procesis gonivruli vada, damoukidebeli da miukerZo-ebeli sasamarTlo, samarTliani procesi, rac Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs SejibrebiTobisa da mxareTa Tanasworobis princips da sxva.

saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris dadebuli asocirebis xelSekrulebis me-4 muxliT gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos mier Sida saxelwifoebrivi reformis gatarebis valdebuleba, romelic demokratiuli institutebis da kanonis uzenaesobis stabilurobisa da efeqtianobis gamyarebas da gazrdas unda daedos safuZvlad. Ggarda amisa, xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebulia adamianis uflebaTa da fundamentur TavisuflebaTa pativiscema, samarTlebrivi reformebis gatarebis valdebuleba sasamarTlos damoukideblobisa da misi administraciuli SesaZleblobis gaZlierebis, samarTaldamcav organoTa miukerZoeblobisa da efeqtianobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.2

asocirebis xelSekrulebis me-13 muxli gansazRvravs kanonis uzenaesobisa da adamianis uflebaTa da fundamentur TavisuflebaTa pativiscemis valdebulebas. igi saqarTvelos aZlevs rekomendacias xeli Seuwyos Tavisuflebis, usafrTxoebis da marTlmsajulebis sfe-roSi kanonis uzenaesobas, maT Soris sasamarTlos damoukideblobas,

1 grozevi i., vitkauskasi d., levis-entoni s., (mT. red.), samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufleba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis Tanaxmad (me-6 muxli), saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisTvis, momzadebulia Ria sazogadoebis institutis mxardaWeriT, Tbilisi 2008, gv. 8. 2 xelSekrulebis me-4 muxli.



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marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobasa da samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebaze muSaobas, evrokavSirTan samarTaldamcav da marTlmsaju-lebis marTvis sferoebSi moqmedi institutebis efeqtian funqcioni-rebasTan dakavSirebiT TanamSromlobas.1

bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare marTlmsajulebis reforma Tavis TavSi moicavs saqarTveloSi iseTi demokratiuli institutis damkvidrebasa da Semdgom ganviTarebas, rogoricaa nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo.

saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos moqmedeba konstitu-ciuri normiTaa ganmtkicebuli: saerTo sasamarTloebSi saqmeebs nafici msajulebi ganixilaven kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi da dadgenili wesiT.2

nafic msajulTa instituti ar modis winaaRmdegobaSi evro konvenciasTan, Tumca aucilebelia imgvari regulirebis arseboba, rom konvenciis me-6 muxliT miniWebuli uflebis SezRudva ar moxdes adamianebisTvis.3

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo ar ganixileba, rogorc samarTliani sasamarTlos umTavresi aspeqti sisxlis samarTlebrivi bralis gansaz-Rvrisas me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad,4 miuxedavad amisa, aRiarebulia, rom SesaZloa igi mniSvnelovani komponenti iyos sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi samarTliani sasamarTlos uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT, radganac es xels Seuwyobs mikerZoebis riskis aRmofxvras maSin rodesac profesionali mosamarTle gansazRvravs rogorc piris braleulobas, aseve mtkicebulebebis misaRebobas.5

istoriulad „magna karta“ (1215) ganamtkicebda doqtrinas nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos Sesaxeb. „aravin SeiZleba iqnes dakavebuli an dapatimrebuli... uflebeb an qonebaCamorTmeuli... TanasworTa mier miRebuli kanonieri gadawyvetilebis gareSe...“ aRniSnuli dogma efuZneba fundamentur mosazrebas, rom ufro samarTliania iyo

1 TumaniSvili g., jiSkariani b., Srami e., evropuli da saerTaSoriso samarTlis zegavlena qarTul sisxlis saproceso samarTalze, gamomcemloba meridiani, Tb., 2019, gv. 257. 2 saqarTvelos konstituciis axali redaqcia 59-e muxlis me-3 punqti (23/03/2018 redaqcia). 3 tabataZe g., motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis ufleba, Jur. sakonstitucio samarTlis mimoxilva, 2016, gv. 32. 4 ix. X and Y v. Ireland (dec.), no. 8299/78, 1980 წლის 10 ოქტომბერი, Callaghan and Others v. United

Kingdom (dec.), no. 14739/89, 1989 wlis 9 maisi, McLoughlin v. Ireland (dec.), no. 15967/90, 1992

wlis 6 ivlisi, Malone v. United Kingdom (dec.), no. 25290/94, 1996 wlis 28 Tebervali, McMullen

v. Ireland (dec.), no. 25353/94, 1996 wlis 28 Tebervali, Klimenteyev v. Russia (dec.), no. 46503/99,

2002 wlis 17 Tebervali. 5 makbraidi j., saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTloebis muSaobis sruli Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa evropul standartebTan, Tb., 2017 wlis ivnisi, gv. 10.



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gansjili TanasworTa mier, vidre mosamarTlem gadawyvitos Seni saqme. es ki aris imis gamoZaxili, rom marTlmsajulebis sistema unda iyos rac SeiZleba gamWvirvale da samarTliani.1

saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos evropuli konvenciis moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis kuTxiT, arsebobs rigi gamowvevebi, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi unda daiZlios aRniSnuli institutis reformirebis gziT, vinaidan nafic msajulTa sistemis warmateba Tu warumatebloba saqarTveloSi damokidebuli iqneba imaze Tu rogor Seewyoba is Cveni qveynis marTlmsajulebis Rirebulebebs. Aam mxriv ki metad mniSvnelovania sazogadoebis aqtiuri mxardaWera am procesisadmi.2

winamdebare statiis farglebSi Sevecdebi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos qarTuli modeli ganvixilo samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis konteqstSi. kerZod, vimsjelo iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: gonivrul vadaSi saqmis ganxilvis ufleba, nafic msajulTa verdiqtis Sesabamisoba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis dasabuTebulobis princip-Tan, dacvis ufleba, sasamarTlos damoukidebloba da miukerZoebloba, nafic msajulTa dacva gareSe zegavlenisagan. statia aseve moicavs qarTveli praqtikosi advokatebis mosazrebebs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosTan dakavSirebiT arsebul problemebze. Mmokled Sevexebi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos rols moqalaqeobrivi pasuxismgeblobis gaRviZebisa da samoqalaqo CarTulobis xelSewyobaSi.

statiis bolos gamoTqmuli iqneba garkveuli rekomendaciebi, saqarTveloSi moqmedi nafic msajulTa institutis evropul standartebTan daaxloebis uzrunvelsayofad.

1. nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos qarTuli modelis Sesabamisoba evropul standartebTan.

evropis sabWos wevr qveynebSi nafic msajulTa institutis bevri sxvadasxva modeli arsebobs. Nnafic msajulTa sasamarTlo mravalgvari formiT arsebobs sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi da asaxavs TiToeuli qveynis istorias, tradiciasa da samarTlebriv kulturas.3

evropis sabWos wevri qveynebi SeiZleba sam kategoriad davyoT: qveynebi, romelTac nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos raime modeli an zogadad, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi msajulT amonawileobis sistema ar aqvT; qveynebi, romlebic gamoiyeneben TanamSromlobis models, kerZod, rodesac sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze profesional mosamarTleebTan erTad msajulebic TaTbiroben; da mesame kategoria,

1 Mavrantonis George C., JURY SYSTEM IN MODERN RATIONAL LAW: IS THE JURY SYSTEM AN

ABSURD INSTITUTION WHOSE ONLY CLAIM TO LEGITIMACY AFTER ALL, IS ITS ARCHAIC

ROOT? Gray’s Inn Student Law Journal, VOLUME VIII, Association of Gray’s Inn Students LONDON· 2016,

p. 2. 2 meiSvili z., (red.) nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo, warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis mokle istoria, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo, Tb., 2012, gv. 7. 3 Taxquet v. Belgium [GC],) #926/05,ECHR 2010, §83.



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romelmac sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze arCevani nafic msajulTa „tradiciuli“ modelis sasargeblod gaakeTa.1

evropis sabWos wevrma aTma qveyanam arCevani nafic msajulTa tradiciuli sasamarTlo sistemis sasargeblod gaakeTa, kerZod: avstria, belgia, saqarTvelo, irlandia, malta, norvegia (mxolod rTul saqmeebSi saapelacio instanciis doneze), ruseTis federacia, espaneTi, Sveicaria (Jenevis kantoni), 2011wlis 1 ianvramde, da gaerTianebuli samefo (inglisi, uelsi, Sotlandia da CrdiloeT irlandia).2

evro sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom evropis sabWos ramdenime wevri saxelmwifo iyenebs araprofesional nafic msajulTa sistemas, isini xelmZRvaneloben legitimuri surviliT, CarTon moqalaqeebi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi, gansakuTrebiT, Tu saqme exeba gansakuTrebiT mZime samarTaldarRvevebs. sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi nafic msajulTa sistemis gansxvavebuli formati gamoiyeneba. maT Soris gansxvaveba SeiZleba mdgomareobdes nafici msajulebis gansxvavebul raodenobaSi, moTxovnil kvalifikaciaSi, maTi daniSvnis meTodebsa da maTi gadawyvetilebebis gasaCivrebis gansxvavebul formatSi. aRniSnuli warmoadgens evropaSi arsebuli samarTlebrivi sistemebis mravalferovnebis erT-erTi magaliTs da maTi standartizacia sasamarTlos amocanas ar warmoadgens. saxelmwifos mier konkretuli sisxlis samarTlebrivi sistemis arCeva aris principi, romelic ar ganekuTvneba evropuli sasamarTlos zedamxedvelobis sferos, igi iTvaliswinebs, rom arCeuli sistema ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul principebs.3

im principebis dasacavad, rasac saerTaSoriso marTlmsajuleba amkvidrebs, mxolod ekonomikuri da politikuri faqtorebis arseboba rodi kmara. imisaTvis, rom erovnul samarTalSi realurad moxdes am Rirebulebebis implementacia da isini marTlmsajulebis ganxorcie-lebis upirobo moTxovnebad Camoyalibdnen, aucilebelia maTi gajereba da Sesisxlxorceba ara mxolod xelisuflebis romelime ganStoebaSi an romelime jgufSi, aramed mTlianad sazogadoebaSi. sazogadoebis maRali samarTlebrivi kultura, udavod SeiZleba miviCnioT noyier niadagad am moTxovnaTa miRebisa da damkvidbebisaTvis.4

1 Taxquet v. Belgium [GC],) #926/05,ECHR 2010, §44. 2 Taxquet v. Belgium [GC],) #926/05,ECHR 2010, §47. 3 Achour v. France [GC], № 67335/01, § 51, ECHR 2006-IV. 4 kelenjeriZe i., saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi principebi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis konteqstSi (verifikacia, implementacia, efeqtianoba), disertacia, Tb., 2015, gv. 26.



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1.1. advokatTa Sefasebebi saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa institutis problemebze.

sainteresoa im praqtikosi advokatebis azri, romelTac hqoniaT nafic msajulTa winaSe gamosvlis gamocdileba, Tu ra problemebze miuTiTeben isini, romelic arsebobs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo sistemaSi. qvemoT moviyvan citirebebs qarTvel advokatTa interviuebidan, romelic Sedga Cems mier Catarebuli mcire kvlevis farglebSi (kvleva Cavatare 2019 wlis dekemberi - 2020 wlis ianvris SualedSi; gamoviyene gamokiTxvis meTodi, Cems mier Sedgenili specialuri kiTxvaris meSveobiT movaxdine 9 advokatis werilobiTi gamokiTxva. Aadvokatebi SevarCie nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos kuTxiT maTi gamocdilebis mixedviT. gamokiTxulTa Soris 2 advokati moRvaweobs quTaisSi, xolo 7 - TbilisSi):

„Cveni sazogadoeba ar aris mzad nafic msajulTa sasamar-TlosaTvis. Cveni sazogadoeba arc Segnebis, arc ganaTlebis doniT da arc emociurad mzad ar aris imisaTvis, rom maT miiRon verdiqti adamianis braleulobasTan dakavSirebiT. qarTuli sazogadoeba Zalin martivad eqceva sainformacio saSualebebis gavlenis qveS Tundac informacias avrcelebdes braldebis mxare. Cven sazogadoebas uWirs saWiro dros dasvas saWiro kiTxvebi. sadac gardacvlilia da dakavebuli, iq miaCniaT, rom swored braldebulia damnaSave. mTavaria damnaSavis skamze naxon vinme da amiT Sevsebulia maTi moTxovnileba. kavkasieli xalxi zogadad aris Zalian emociuri, emocias Zalavs saR azrs.“1

„nafic msajulTa instituti unda iyos momzadebuli. ra igulisxmeba momzadebaSi: aq ar aris saubari iuridiul ganaTlebaze, aramed nafic msajulad monawileobis kulturaze. xalxze, romelic mzad aris amisaTvis da gadawyvetilebas iReben samarTlianobis principidan gamomdinare. Tumca saqarTveloSi gadawyvetilebis miRebisas TiTqmis yovelTvis ixrebian gulmowyalebisaken da ara samarTlianobis dadgenisaken. Aamitom nafic msajulTa sasamarTlom garkveuli etapebi unda gaiaros damkvidrebis gzaze.“2

„aravis ar unda iyos nafici msajuli, zogs dro ar aqvs, zogs ezareba da sxv. interesi ar aqvT nafici msajulobis, ar aris finansuri daintereseba. Aaris TviTSegnebis, Rirebulebebis problema. ar aqvT survili sxvisi saqme gadawyviton, ver acnobiereben, rom Tavisi qveynisTvis iReben gadawyvetilebas. Yyvela Taviseburad cdilobs gaakeTos TviTacileba.“3

„nafici msajulebi mtkicebulebebs afaseben mxolod vizualurad. mag., aris gvami ekranze. aRniSnuli ukve uaryofiTad moqmedebs saqmeze. SemTxvevis adgilze gadaRebul suraTs, sisxlian iaraRs gacilebiT didi gavlena aqvT msajulebze, vidre advokatis saubars. Eeqspertis

1 piradi interviu advokat i.b. -sTan, 2019 wlis dekemberi. 2 piradi interviu advokat p.g.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari. 3 piradi interviu advokat a.k.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.



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daskvnebs ver igeben. mag., eqspertma Tqva, rom biologiuri masala, anabeWdebi ar amosula danaSaulis iaraRidan, es iwvevs msajulis dabneulobas, ver wyveten gagonili ufro mniSvnelovania Tu specialistis daskvna. yofila SemTxveva, rom eqspertis naTqvami saerTod ar gauziarebiaT.“1

„nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo aris Zalian saintereso da mniSvnelovani instituti, magram Cevni sazogadoeba ar aris mzad amisaTvis, radgan xSirad eqceva xolme gavlenis qveS. Nnafici msajulebi ar arian orientirebuli konkretul saqmeze, ar eyrdnobian mtkicebulebebs, radgan ar ician ra aris mtkicebuleba – pirdapiri an iribi, modian winaswari ganwyobebiT, iqeqebian internetSi, eqcevian mediis zegavlenis qveS. Tumca, vfiqrob, rom es instituti Tu ganviTarda es misasalmebeli iqneba.“2

„saqarTvelos dRevandeli mdgomareobidan gamomdinare nafic msajulTa sasamarTloSi adamianis beds wyvets erTi-ori adamiani, romelTa gavlenis qveSac eqcevian danarCeni msajulebi. saqarTveloSi nafici msajulebi eqcevian mediis gavlenis qveS, aseve calkeuli individebis gavlenis qveS. Kkanoni erTia, romelic ukrZalavs msajulebs saqmeze saubars, magram meorea realoba.“3

zogierTi advokati aseve gamoTqvams gulistkivils imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos jer imis saSualebac ara qvs, rom nafic msajulTa institutis realuri uzrunvelyofa moaxdinos. “roca msajuli dajdeba saqmis mosasmenad is ar unda fiqrobdes imaze misma Svilma ra Wamos. Cemi neba rom iyos, TiToeul nafic msajuls, romelic saqmeze SeirCeoda mivcemdi 1000 lars anazRaurebas erT saqmeSi monawile-obisaTvis. Ees maT motivacias aumaRlebda. mTeli saxelmwifo programa unda iyos CarTuli propagandis saxiT imaSi, rom sazogadoebam gaigos ra aris nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo. Uanda gafarTovdes nafic msajulTa gansjadoba. nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos aqtiuri amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebas aRar eqneba gancda, rom mikerZoebulia sasamarTlo. verdiqts daadgenen sazogadoebis wevrebi da ara mosamarTle.“4

miuxedavad imisa, rom nafic msajulT ainstituts 10 wliani istoria aqvs saqarTveloSi, rogorc vxedavT qarTveli advokatebis nawili, maT Soris isinic, romelTac nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosTan Sexeba hqoniaT bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, uTiTeben imaze, rom qarTuli sazogadoeba jer kidev ar aris mzad nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosaTvis da aRniSnuli institutis saqarTveloSi dasanergad kidev didi samuSaoa Casatarebeli. Mmxolod ucxo kanonmdeblobis gadmokopireba da gadmoqarTuleba ar aris sakmarisi piroba imisaTvis, rom axalma institutma fesvi gaidgas qarTul marTlmsajulebaSi da

1 piradi interviu advokat i.b.-sTan, 2010 wlis dekemberi. 2 piradi interviu advokat a.k.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari. 3 piradi interviu advokat p.g.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari. 4 piradi interviu advokat a.k.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.



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qarTuli samarTlebrivi sistemis nawili gaxdes. saWiroa sazogadoebis marTlSegnebisa da samarTlebrivi kulturis amaRleba.

garda zemoaRniSnuli problemebisa aseve mwvaved dgas nafic msajulTa monawileobiT saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebis sakiTxi. rogorc advokatebi aRniSnaven msajulebis SerCevas xSir SemTxvevebSi miaqvs ramdenime Tve, rac saqmis gonivrul vadaSi ganxilvis principTan SesaZloa modiodes winaaRmdegobaSi. aRniSnul sakiTxs ufro vrclad Sevexebi momdevno TavSi.

praqtikosi advokatebi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos erT-erT problemad asaxeleben imasac, rom qarTveli nafici msajulebi advilad eqcevian mediis, prokuraturis da Tundac sxva nafici msajulis gavlenis qveS. Aamitom aq metad mniSvnelovania Tavad SerCevis procesi, romlis drosac unda moxdes swored aseTi meryevi bunebis mqone kandidatebis gacxrilva. rac Tavis mxriv damokidebulia mxareTa profesionalizmsa da unar-Cvevebze – droulad gamoavlinon isini da moaxdinon maTi acileba.

aseve sayuradRebo sakiTxia is, rom samarTaldarRvevebi, romelTa ganxilvis drosac saqarTveloSi xelmisawvdomia nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo, moicavs sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis samive kategorias,1kerZod, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul naklebad mZime, mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime katego-riis danaSaulebs. Tumca, maTi umetesoba ganekuTvneba ukanasknel or kategorias.2 zogierTi advokati3 Tvlis, rom nebismier pirs unda hqondes ufleba misi sisxlis samarTlis saqme ganixilos nafic msajulTa sasamarTlom da aRniSnuli institutis gansjadobis Semofargvla mxolod 16 muxliT garkveulwilad aris diskriminaciuli (amavdroulad arakonstituciuri) im pirebis mimarT, romelTac bralad edebaT sxva danaSaulis Cadena. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom zogierTi advokatis azriT, samoxeleo danaSauli unda iyos mxolod nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos gansjadi, radgan saxelmwifo moxeleebi angariSvaldebulni arian sazogadoebis winaSe da maT saqmes unda ganixilavdnen sazogadoebis wevrebi.

nafic msajulTa gansjadobasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa sxvadasxva qveynebis midgoma: ama Tu im qveyanaSi nafic msajulTa gansjadoba SesaZlebelia ganisazRvros mosalodneli sasjelis zomis mixedviT (aSS, kanada) an danaSaulTa tipis mixedviT (espaneTi, ruseTi). Tumca SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnas erTdroulad orive kriteriumi. mag., nafic msajulTa gansjadoba farToa aSS-Si. Bbraldebuls ufleba aqvs misi saqme naficma msajulebma ganixilon Tu mas sasjelad emuqreba minimum 6 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa; belgiaSi nafic

1 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 09/10/2009 redaqcia, 226-e muxlis 1-li punqti. 2 makbraidi j., saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTloebis muSaobis sruli Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa evropul standartebTan, Tb., 2017 wlis ivnisi, gv. 52. 3 piradi interviu advokat p.g.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.



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msajulTa gansjadoba moicavs qmedebebs, romelic isjeba 20 welze meti xniT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. qveynebis didi nawili Sualedur pozicias ikavebs am or ukiduresobas Soris. mag., kanadaSi nebismieri piri, romelsac bralad edeba danaSaulis Cadena, romelic isjeba 5 wliT an meti vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT sargeblobs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos uflebiT; irlandiis konstitucia nafic msajulTa gansjadobidan gamoricxavs „mciremniSvnelovan danaSau-lebs“, specialuri sasamarTlos gansjad da samxedro danaSaulebs. mciremniSvnelovan danaSaulTa kategoriaSi sasamarTloebi moiazreben danaSaulebs, romelic isjeba 2 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.1

mimaCnia, rom yvela mciremniSvnelobis mqone danaSaulze im uzarmazari resursis xarjva, rasac nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo hqvia, ar iqneba gamarTlebuli, Tumca veTanxmebi mosazrebas, rom saqarTveloSi unda gaizardos ssk-is im muxlebis CamonaTvali, romelsac nafici msajulebi ganixilaven oRond im oqros Sualedis dacviT, romelic uzrunvelyofs nafic msajulTa sasamarTloze braldebulis uflebis dacvasac da aseve, sasamarTlo sistemas miscems saSualebas momzadebuli daxvdes saqmeTa gazrdili raodenobiT ganxilvas.

advokatebi2 aseve aRniSnaven, rom sasaurvelia sasamarTlo moxeleebi, romlebsac kiTxvari miaqvT kandidatebisaTvis iyvnen ufro kvalificiurni. swori instruqtaJi miscen kandidatebs. dResdReobiT saqarTvelos sasamarTloebSi ar arseboben moxeleebi, romlebic marto nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos sakiTxebze muSaoben. sasamar-Tlos sxvadasxva specialistebs SeTavsebuli aqvT es funqcia. aqac saWiroa, rom saxelmwifom ufro meti resursi gamoyos nafic msajulTa institutis damkvidreba-ganviTarebisaTvis.

sainteresoa aseve saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa damoukideblobisa da miukerZoeblobasTan dakavSirebiT qarTveli advokatebis azri. moviyvan citirebas maTi interviuebidan:

„rogorc wesi, roca nafici msajulebi ganixilaven saqmes miukerZoebloba ufro metadaa daculi. qarTuli marTlmsajuleba axla idgams fexs. sasamarTlo sistemaSi arsebobs ara erTi problema. Tumca nafici msajulebis mxares vawydebiT im dabrkolebas, rom isini gamudmebiT sazogadoebis zegavlenis qveS eqcevian. Aase rom, problemebi arsebobs, rogorc mosamarTlis, ise nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos mxares. Aam ori ukiduresobidan mainc vamjobineb nafic msajulebs, radgan vTvli, isini ufro gulwrfelebi arian. roca gulwrfelia adamiani da mas esaubrebi Seni emociiT, Seni faqtebiT ufro adekvaturad igebs Sens saTqmels, ase mimaCnia. Nnafic msajulebTan muSaobisas ar aris sakmarisi mxolod Teoriuli da

1 wiqariSvili k., iorhendi l., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo (dasavluri sistemebis mimoxilva), Tb., 2012, gv. 19. 2 piradi interviu advokat p.g.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari.



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praqtikuli codna, aucilebelia saadvokato unar-Cvevebi. Nnafici msajulebis winaSe advokatis profesias umateb kidev sasceno profesias. Ddemonstraciulad unda moaxdino Seni yoveli sityvis, azris warmoTqma, rom msajulamde miitano Seni saTqmeli. Tormetives saTiTaod unda esaubro da auxsna, misce saSualeba, rom analizi gaakeTos.“1

„upiratesobas vaniWeb nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos, vinaidan dReis mdgomareobiT saqarTveloSi sasamarTlo miukerZoebloba da obieqturoba dabali xarisxisaa.“2

„sasamarTloebSi dRes arsebuli situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT umetes SemTxvevaSi vamjobinebdi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos – ufro meti garantiaa kanoniT ganszaRvruli standartebiT obieqturi gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis. Aam etapze nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo ufro metad samarTliani, damoukidebeli, miukerZoebuli da sandoa vidre arsebuli sasamarTlos sistema principul saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT.“3

rogorc vxedavT, qarTveli advokatebis nawili mosamarTlesa da nafic msajulebs Soris arCevans nafic msajulebze akeTebs da amis argumentad mohyavT qarTul sasamarTlo sistemaSi arsebuli xarvezebi. dRevandeli situaciidan gamomdinare gacilebiT meti ndoba aqvT 12 msajulis vidre erTi mosamarTlis, Tumca imasac aRiareben, rom problemebi orive mxares arsebobs.

1.2. sazogadoebis damokidebuleba nafic msajulTa

institutisadmi. mimaCnia, rom winamdebare statiis farglebSi saintereso iqneba

Sevexo saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa institutis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis damokidebulebas, ris gasaanalizebladac movaxden ramdenime kvlevis Sedarebas. erT-erTi Catarebulia nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos SemoRebamde - 2007 wels, meore - 2011 wels, xolo mesame da meoTxe - 2017 wels.

2007 wels saqarTvelos dedaqalaqsa da sam regionul centrSi: quTaisSi, zugdidSi, TelavSi Catarebulma gamokiTxvam aCvena Semdegi: respondentTa umravlesobas: 62.2%-s smenia nafic msajulTa institutis Sesaxeb; informaciis ZiriTad wyaroebs televizia, mxatvruli filmebi da mxatvruli literatura warmoadgens; informacia nafic msajulTa institutis Sesaxeb xSir SemTxvevaSi, konkretul codnas moklebuli- zogadi xasiaTisaa; ikveTeba skeptikuri damokidebuleba sazogadoebis mzaobis mimarT reformisadmi: ”yvelam ar icis nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos Sesaxeb”, ”zogisTvis miuRebelia,” zogi Tvlis, rom am procesebs sazogadoebis arasamarTlebrivi mentaliteti SeuSlis xels;

1 piradi interviu advokat a.k.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari. 2 piradi interviu advokat d.s.-sTan, 2020 wlis ianvari. 3 piradi interviu advokat g.g.-Tan, 2020 wlis ianvari.



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nafic msajulTa institutis Sesaxeb informirebulobis zogadi xasiaTis fonze, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom respondentTa dadebiT ganwyobas mniSvnelovanwilad sasamarTlo sistemis mimarT gamovlenili kritikuli ganwyoba ganapirobebda.1

evraziis TanamSromlobis fondis daxmarebiT 2011 wlis maisSi mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT Catarda moqalaqeebis gamokiTxva nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos Sesaxeb. (aqve aRvniSnav, rom nafic msajulTa pirveli sxdoma Catarda 2011 wlis noemberSi). kiTxvaze: „icodnen Tu ara teritoriulad sad moqmedebda nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo - mTels saqarTveloSi Tu mxolod TbilisSi“ - gamokiTxulTa 52%-is pasuxi iyo -„ar vici,“ kiTxvaze: „ras Seuwyobda xels nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos SemoReba“ - gamokiTxulTa 45%-is pasuxi iyo - „ar vici.“ nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos irgvliv saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli sainformacio kampaniis miuxedavad, yoveli meore gamokiTxuli saqmis yurSi ar iyo aRniSnuli institutis Sesaxeb. moqalaqeTa aseTi dabali informirebuloba SeiZleba aixsnas Semdegi faqtorebiT: socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi – adamianebi ZiriTadad orientirebulni arian Tavis gadarCenaze; mosaxleobis ganwyoba, rom rac ar unda moimoqmedon arsebul situacias mainc ver Secvlian; sabWoTa azrovnebis gadmonaSTi – moqalaqeebs surT saxelmwifom aiRos pasuxismgebloba yvelaferze, maT Soris marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebazec.2

2017 wels SemTxveviTi SerCevis principiT gamokiTxul iqna 1000 respodenti Tbilissa da or regionul centrSi - quTaisi, baTumi. respodentTa umravlesobas (78%) smenia nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos Sesaxeb da informaciis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens televizia, mxatvruli filmebi, internet sivrce da profesiuli literatura; informacia nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos Sesaxeb zogadi xasiaTisaa, romelic konkretul codnas moklebulia; nafic msajulTa institutis upiratesobebisa da naklovanebebis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli Sefasebebi xSirad argumentirebuli ar aris. Aaqedan gamomdinare, sazogadoebis mzaoba nafic msajulebis sasamarTlos funqcionirebaSi CarTulobis mxriv ar aris. sazogadoebis erTi nawilis dadebiTi damokidebuleba nafic msajulTa insitutis mimarT ganpirobebulia dRevandeli sasamarTlo sistemisadmi undoblobiT da ukmayofilebiT.3

1 nafic msajulTa institutis mimarT sazogadoebis informirebuloba da damokidebuleba Tb., 2007, kvleva momzadda proeqtis “sasamarTlos xelisuflebis mxardaWera” farglebSi, romelsac axorcielebs gaeros ganviTarebis programa

(UNDP) saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlosTan TanamSromlobiT. 2 nafic msajulTa instituti saqarTveloSi, avtorTa jgufi, fondi Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelo, Tb., 2013. 3 nafic msajulTa instituti (Taviseburebani da problemebi), avtorTa koleqtivi, kavkasiis saerTaSoriso universiteti, saerTaSoriso kvleviTi instituti, gamomcemloba “universali”, Tb., 2017.



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aseve 2017 wels Catarebuli sxva kvlevis1Tanaxmad, kiTxvaze: „me rom braldebuli viyo, varCevdi, rom gamasamarTlon naficma msajulebma“ – gamokiTxulTa xmebi ase gadanawilda: 32% diax, 15% ara, 53% arvici.

kiTxvaze: „SemoTavazebis SemTxvevaSi, mzad var viyo nafici msajuli“- pasuxebia: 28% diax, 35% ara, 38% arvici.

kidev erT kiTxvaze: „nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo amarTlebs/gaamarTlebs, radgan is msoflios mraval qveyanaSia aprobirebuli“ – pasuxebi Semdegnairad gadanawilda: 40% diax, 8%ara, 52% arvici.

rogorc vxedavT 2007 wlidan moyolebuli bolo wlebamde Catarebuli sxvadasxva kvlevebis Sedegi didad gansxvavebuli ar aris. sazogadoeba kvlav saWiroebs zusti da adekvaturi informaciis miwodebas nafic msajulTa institutis Sesaxeb da nafic msajulad msaxurebis mzaobac xalxSi naklebia.

1.3. Nnafic msajulTa sasamarTlo samarTliani sasamarTlos

uflebis WrilSi. 1.3.1. nafic msajulTa institutis erT-erTi gamowveva samarTliani

sasamarTlos principebTan Sesabamisobis kuTxiT aris nafic msajulTa mier saqmeTa ganxivis vadebi. rogorc qarTveli praqtikosi advokatebi xSirad uTiTeben interviuebSi nafic msajulTa mxolod SerCevis process miaqvs daaxloebiT 3 Tve. Catarebuli kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom yofila SemTxveva, roca nafic msajulTa SerCevas dasWirvebia 4-5 Tve da zogjer ufro metic.2

msajulTa SerCevis process mosdevs saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis etapi, romelic daaxlebiT gZeldeba 3 kviradan 1 Tvemde. Mmisi xangrZlivoba damokidebulia braldebisa da dacvis mxaris mier warmodgenili da gamosakvlevi mtkicebulebebis moculobaze.

saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa mier saqmis aragonivrul vadebSi ganxilvis problemasTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia giorgi oqropiriZis saqme, romelzec msajulTa saboloo verdiqtis gamotanas dasWirda daaxloebiT 15 Tve. 2014 wlis 12 seqtembers moqalaqe g.o.–s brali wauyenes ssk 109–e muxlis me–3 nawilis „e“ qvepunqtiTa (ganzrax mkvleloba araerTgzis) da 236–e muxlis 1–li da me–2 nawilebiT (cecxlsasroli iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZena, Senaxva da tareba) gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi. Nnafic msajulTa pirveli Semadgenlobis mier 2015 wlis 5 ivniss verdiqtis gamotana ver moxerxda, ris gamoc saqme gansaxilvelad gadaeca nafic msajulTa axal Semadgenlobas. 2015 wlis 25 dekembers nafic msajulTa meore

1 adamianis uflebebi da marTlmsajuleba saqarTveloSisazogadoebis damokidebuleba da informirebuloba, kvlevis angariSi momzadebulia „eisiTis“ mier evrokavSirisa

(EU) da gaeros ganviTarebis programis (UNDP) mxardaWeriT, 2017. 2 saqarTveloSi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobisa da praqtikis kvlevebis krebuli, Tb., 2015, gv. 44.



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Semadgenlobam g.o. gaamarTla cecxlsasroli iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZena–Senaxvasa da tarebaSi, xolo damnaSaved scno ganzrax mkvlelobis CadenaSi.1

iuridiul literaturaSi vkiTxulobT, rom saqmis warmoebis daCqarebis uflebas aqvs ormagi mniSvneloba: erTi mxriv, igi emsaxureba „samarTlebrivi simSvidis” Cqar damyarebas, aseve sasamarTlo warmoebis sandoobisa da efeqtianobis uzrunvelyofas.2

evrosasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom samarTalwarmoebis ganxilvis vadis gonivruloba unda Sefasdes saqmis garemoebebidan gamomdinare da mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTliT damkvidrebuli standartebi, kerZod ki, saqmis kompleqsu-roba da momCivnisa da Sesabamisi organoebis moqmedebebi.3 samarTalwarmoebis kompleqsuroba gulisxmobs saqmeSi arsebul mowmeTa raodenobas, bralis seriozulobasa da danaSaulis simZimes.

adamianis uflebaTa precedentuli samarTlis mixedviT, sasamarTlo ar gansazRvravs gonivrul vadas, aramed yovel konkretul saqmeSi faqtobrivi garemoebebis, samarTlebrivi sirTulis, momCivanis qcevisa da saxelmwifo organoebis qmdebebis gaTvaliswi-nebiT afasebs saqmis ganxilvis xangrZlovobis gonivrulobas.4 aRsaniSnavia isic, rom samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivoba, romelsac saerTo jamSi sam welze naklebi dasWirda, zogadad gonivrulad miiCneva da saCivars msgavs saqmeebTan mimarTebiT evrosasamarTlo dauSveblad cnobs, rogorc ,,aSkarad usafuZvlos’’ da amdenad dauSvebels.5

miuxedavad imisa, rom sssk-is 261-e muxlis me-6 nawili iTvaliswinebs nafic msajulTa axali Semadgenlobis mowvevis SesaZleblobas im SemTxvevaSi Tu pirvel Semadgenlobas ar Seswevs unari miiRos gadawyvetileba, aRniSnuli ki mniSvnelovnad axangrZlivebs process, mimaCnia, rom aRniSnuli norma ar modis winaaRmdegobaSi saqmis „gonivrul vadaSi“ ganxilvis principTan, vinaidan msajulTa mier saqmis ganxilvis vadebis gonivruloba unda Sefasdes mravali faqtoris erTobiobaSi gaTvaliswinebiT. swrafi ganxlva ar unda xdebodes xarisxis xarjze. mTavaria dadgindes, rom adgili ar hqonia dausabuTebel gaWianurebasa da umoqmedobis periods. Tumca udavoa, rom saqarTveloSi msajulTa SerCevis procedura namdvilad saWiroebs daxvewas. (msajulTa SerCevis problema da misi gadaWris gzebi calke kvlevis sagans warmoadgens -ix. Cemi statia –

1 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi 2016, gv. 836. 2konstituciis komentari” ,,konstitucionalizmis kvlevisa da xelSewyobis regionaluri centri“, Tbilisi, 2013 w. gv. 537. 3 Grishin v. Russia, #14807/08, ECHR 2012,§170. 4 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi 2015, gv. 642. 5 Tryumbach v Ukraine, No. 44385/02, 12 January 2012 2 (2 weli da 1 Tve); J.M. v Denmark, No.

34421/09, 13 November 2012 (1 weli da 4 Tve).



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nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos SerCevis problema - JurnalSi „marTlmsajuleba da kanoni“ #1(65)’20).

1.3.2. erT-erT gamowvevas warmoadgens aseve nafic msajulTa verdiqtis Sesabamisobis sakiTxi samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebiT ganmtkicebul dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis standartTan. aRniSnuli sakiTxi araerTxel gamxdara msjelobis sagani.

evrosasamarTlom saqmeSi taqsketi belgiis winaaRmdeg xazi gausva im garemoebas, rom TavisTavad msajulTa mier gamotanili verdiqtis dausabuTebloba ar aris samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis darRveva, Tumca konvenciis meeqvse muxlis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad sakmarisi garantiebi unda arsebobdes, rom braldebulma da aseve sazogadoebam gaiazros msajulTa verdiqti. sasamarTlom aRniSna: „mniSvnelovania, rom sasamarTlo procesis mTlianobaSi ganxilviT msjavrdebulma gaacnobieros mis winaaRmdeg braldeba, im danaSaulis Semadgeneli nawilebi, romlis CadenaSic mas brali edeba da gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis safuZveli.“1 aseTi garantia SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad, mosamarTlis mier gaweuli instruqcia saqmis samarTleb-riv aspeqtebTan an mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT, iseve rogorc mosamarTlis mier msajulTaTvis dasmuli konkretuli da naTlad Cam-oyalibebuli kiTxvebi, romelTa farglebSic xdeba verdiqtis gamotana.2

saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa verdiqti ar sabuTdeba da sasamarTlos ganaCenic mas avtomaturad eyrdnoba. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT arCeul iqna e.w. anglosaqsuri midgoma, romlis mixedviT, ar xdeba msajulTaTvis SekiTxvebis dasma da xdeba erTi verdiqtis wardgena TiToeuli braldebis garSemo, yovelgvari damatebiTi formulirebebiT.3

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom saqmeSi TAXQUET v.

BELGIUM daskvnis saxiT aRniSna, rom nafic msajulTaTvis zusti (ara zogadi xasiaTis) SekiTxvebis dasma aris absoluturad saWiro moTxovna, raTa ganmcxadebelma gaigos gamamtyunebeli verdiqtis gamotanis mizezi. metic, Tu saqmeSi ramdenime braldebulia, SekiTxvebi maqsimalurad morgebuli unda iyos individualurad TiToeul maTganze, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia.4

aqedan gamomdinare viziareb mosazrebas, rom saqarTveloSi dasabuTebuli ganaCenis sapirwoned SeiZleba gamodges sxdomis

1 Taxquet v. Belgium, 2010 wlis 16 noemberi, 73-e punqti. 2 doliZe a., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo saqarTveloSi da misi Sesabamisoba adamianis uflebaT aevropul konvenciasTan, statiaTa krebuli – adamianis uflebebi da samarTlis uzenaesoba, red. k. korkelia, Tb., 2013, gv. 54. 3 burjanaZe g., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos mier gamotanili verdiqtis dasabuTebuloba: evropul standartebTan saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba, statiaTa krebuli“ adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso standartebi da saqarTvelo,“ (red.) konstantine korkelia, Tb., 2011, gv. 38. 4 Taxquet v. Belgium, 2010 wlis 16 noemberi, §97-e punqti.



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Tavmjdomaris mxridan nafici msajulebisTvis konkretuli SekiTxvebis dasma, aseve, maTTvis ganmartebebis micema. Mmsgavsi meTodebi saukeTeso saSualeba iqneba TviTnebobis gamosaricxad da braldebulisa da sazogadoebisTvis gadawyvetilebis motivaciaze warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad.1

1.3.3. mokled Sevexebi samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis erT-erT umTavres aspeqts - dacvis uflebas. aRniSnuli uflebis mniSvneloba gansakuTrebiT didia sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, radgan dacvis mxares aRWuravs Sesabamisi saproceso instrumentiT, raTa man braldebis pozicias daupirispiros kontrargumentebi, gamamarTlebeli mtkicebulebebi da sasamarTlo procesi warimarTos samarTliani sasamarTlos principis Sesabamisad.2 evrokonvencia ganamtkicebs „praqtikuli da efeqtiani“ iuridiuli daxmarebis uflebas.

nafic msajulTa instituti gamowvevas warmoadgens dacvis uflebis efeqturad ganxorcielebis kuTxiTac, radgan nafic msajulTa winaSe advokatis gamosvla klientis uflebebis dasacavad moiTxovs met profesionalizms, aseve, gansakuTrebul unarebs, romelsac mxareebi unda flobdnen raTa maTi interpretacia gaZlierdes da brZolisunariani gaxdes.

bevr qarTvel advokats, romelTac Sexeba hqoniaT nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosTan, aRuniSnavs interviuSi, rom amjobineben misi dacvis qveS myofis saqme naficma msajulebma ganixilon, radgan swored maT winaSe axdenen isini TavianTi unar-Cvevebis ukeT demonstrirebas.

aqedan gamomdinare, SesaZloa vivaraudoT, rom saqarTveloSi dacvis uflebis realizeba yvelaze ukeT maSin Seesabameba samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebiT dadgenil standartebs, roca saqmes nafici msajulebi ganixilaven.

1.3.4. evrokonvenciis me-6 muxliT aseve garantirebulia sasamarTlo ganxilva „damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier.“ ismis kiTxva: aris nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo warmatebuli aRniSnuli principebis dacvaSi?3

arsebobs mosazreba, rom „ufro advilia moqrTamo erTi mosamarTle, vidre ramdenime nafici msajuli,“4 aseve uTiTeben nafic msajulTa damoukideblobis maRal xarisxze, vinaidan nafici msajulebi ar arian damokidebulni saxelmwifoze arc xelfasiT da arc karieruli winsvliT, gansxvavebiT mosamarTleebisagan.5

1 tabataZe g., motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis ufleba, Jur. sakonstitucio samarTlis mimoxilva, 2016, gv. 31-32. 2saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba – saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi nadia xurciZe da dimitri lomiZe saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, № 1/1/650,699, 27 ianvari, 2017. 3 Tricia Harris, Trial by jury: has the lamp lost its glow?, the UCLan Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume

3 Issue 2 (December 2010), 2. 4 Duff, Findlay, Howarth and Chan, Juries: A Hong Kong Perspective (1st edn, HKU 1992) 4. 5 ibid.

http://constcourt.ge/ge/legal-acts/judgments/1-1-saqartvelos-moqalaqeebi-nadia-xurcidze-da-dimitri-lomidze-saqartvelos-parlamentis-winaagmdeg.page






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qarTveli advokatebis azrs cxadyofs citirebebi maTi interviuebidan, rom saqarTveloSi sasamarTlo gacilebiT damouki-debelia da miukerZoebeli, roca saqmes nafici msajulebi ganixilaven. Tumca yovelTvis SeiZleba sistemis daxvewa dadamatebiTi garantiebis Seqmna nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ukeT funqcionirebisaTvis.

nafic msajulTa damoukideblobasTan pirdapir kavSirSia maTi dacva gare zegavlenisagan. sainteresoa saxalxo damcvelis mosazreba (saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2016 wlis angariSi), romlis Tanaxmadac g.o–s saqmem cxadad warmoaCina, rom saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs meqanizmi, romelic nafic msajulebs daicavs sazogadoebisa da mediis zewolisgan da amiT uzrunvelyofs mxolod mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT verdiqtis gamotanas.

nafic msajulTa klasikuri sistemis mqone sxva saxelmwifoebisgan gansxvavebiT (magaliTad, inglisisa da uelsis „sasamarTlos upativcemulobis Sesaxeb“ kanoniT, medias ekrZaleba saqmis ganxilvaze zegavlenis momxdeni masalebis gamoqveyneba. Mmsgavsi regulireba arsebobs SotlandiaSic. inglissa da uelsSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia, uSualod mxareebsac aukrZalos gancxadebis gakeTeba saqmesTan dakavSirebiT), saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs satelevizio Tu beWdviTi mediis saqmianobis maregulirebeli wesi, romelic udanaSaulobis prezumfciis efeqtian dacvas uzrunvelyofda. im pirobebSi, rodesac aRniSnuli media saSualebebi qveynis mTel teritorias moicaven, msajulTa dacva gare zegavlenisgan verc sasamarTlos sxva teritoriul erTeulSi gadataniT moxerxdeba.1viziareb mosazrebas, rom nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos damoukideblobis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia, raime meqanizmis meSveobiT SeizRudos sasamarTlo ganxilvamde saqmis gasajaroeba.2

evropuli sasamarTlo xazgasmiTa aRniSnavs, rom norma, romelic aregulirebs nafic msajulTa sxdomis farulobas, emsaxureba nafic msajulTa, rogorc umaRlesi arbitris rolis gaZlierebas da nafic msajulebs Soris Ria da gulwrfeli ganxilvis garantias maT winaSe warmodgenil mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT.3

uaRresad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba nafic msajulTa Tavisufali gamoxatvis SesaZleblobas nafic msajulTa saTaTbiro oTaxSi. rogorc evropulma sasamarTlom aRniSna, araprofesionali nafici msajulebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebsac xSirad kanoniT ekisrebaT nafic msajulTa movaleobebis Sesruleba moqalaqeobrivi valdebulebis

1„Guarantees of impartiality for Georgian Juries“, Eka Khutsishvili, 21.11. 2011, http://dfwatch.net/guarantees-

of-impartiality-for-georgian-juries-40627-1588 2 uinteri baxmaierl., dali Jerald t., ,,SedarebiTi analizi: araprofesional mosamarTleTa mier saqmeTa ganxilvis sistemebi evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebSi”, 2013, gv. 32. 3 Gregory v. United Kingdom, no. 22292/93, 1997 wlis 25 Tebervali, 44-e paragrafi. Aaseve

ixileT: Miah v. United Kingdom (dec.), no. 37401/97, 1998 wlis 1 ivlisi.

http://dfwatch.net/guarantees-of-impartiality-for-georgian-juries-40627-1588




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farglebSi, ukiduresad mniSvnelovania, rom maT SesaZlebloba hqondeT Tavisuflad gamoxaton sakuTari mosazrebebi saqmis yvela aspeqtTan da maT winaSe warmodgenil mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT, da maT ar unda mimarTon TviTcenzuras TavianTi Sexedulebebis da mosazrebebis gamJRavnebis SiSis, an presiT gamoTqmuli kritikis gamo.1

nafic msajulTa damoukideblobis damatebiT garantiad SeiZleba miviCnioT nafic msajulTaTvis Sesabamisi saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis miwodeba maT rolsa da moTxovnebTan dakavSirebiT.2

pirveli Sexeba nafici msajulobis kandidatebTan xdeba maTTvis kiTxvaris dagzavniT. Ppraqtikosi advokatebi xSirad aRniSnaven, rom kiTxvari, romelic egzavnebaT msajulobis kandidatebs aris trafaretuli, arafris momcemi da rac mTavaria maTze gacemuli pasuxebi ar aris amomwuravi da xSirad Semoifargleba „diax“ an „ara“ pasuxebiT.

aqedan gamomdinare, veTanxmebi ukve gamoTqmul rekomendacias, rom arsebobs kiTxvaris zusti funqciis miTiTebis aucilebloba, romelic nafici msajulobis kandidatebma unda Seavson.3 aucilebelia garkveuli saxis saxelmZRvanelos gagzavna nafici msajulobis kandidatebisTvis, romelic moicavs iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa nafici msajulebis Sesabamisoba, SeuTavsebloba, nafic msajulTa kolegiaSi monawileobis gamomricxavi garemoebebi, nafic msajulTa movaleobis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqmis ufleba, ra molodini arsebobs nafic msajulTa SesarCev sxdomaze, rogor movemzadoT nafic msajulTa samsaxurisTvis, sasamarTlo procesi, nafic msajulTa uflebebi, terminebis ganmartebebi, romelic gamoiyeneba sasamarTlo procesze da romelic daexmareba maT gaigon, rogor unda isargeblon socialuri garantiebiT, Tu ra molodini arsebobs maT mimarT, da Sesabamisad, isini ukeTesad momzadebulebi wardgebian nafic msajulTa movaleobebis Sesasruleblad.4

rac Seexeba kiTxvas, rodis ufro metad aris daculi samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebiT ganmtkicebuli principebi – mosamarTlis Tu msajulebis mier saqmis ganxilvisas, veTanxmebi mosazrebas, rom, samarTliani sasamarTlos principi is fundametia razec sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajuleba dgas, Sesabamisad, uflebamosili pirebi

1 Seckerson and Times Newspapers Ltd. V. United Kingdom (dec.), no. 32844/10, 2012wlis 24 ianvari, 44-e paragrafi. 2 „...ganmartebebis miwodebis gziT ganxorcielda rigiTiwevrebis cnobierebis amaRleba imis Taobaze, rom isini valdebuli arian imoqmedon damoukideblad, da ar daeqvemdebaron arasaTanado zemoqmedebas, da maT aseve ganemartaT, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania, rom isini moiazrebodnen damoukidebel pirebad. debulebebi moicavda praqtikul da zust miTiTebebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor SeiZleboda aRniSnulis miRweva an aRmofxvra konkretul situaciaSi. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom xsenebuli miTiTebebi emsaxureboda ara mxolod wevrebisTvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani damoukideblobis, aramed nebismier iuadgilo

zewolis aRmofxvrisuzrunvelyofas“; Cooper v. United Kingdom [GC], no. 48843/99, 2003 წლის dekemberi, 124-eparagrafi. 3 makbraidi j., saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTloebis muSaobis sruli Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa evropul standartebTan, Tb., 2017 wlis ivnisi, gv. 62. 4 iqve, gv. 65.



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orive procesSi unda uzrunvelyofdnen mis dacvas. Sesabamisad, romelime sasamarTlo calke aRebuli apriori ar niSnavs, zemoxsenebul principTa dacvis met SesaZleblobas.“1aRniSnuli sakiTxi gaazrebuli da Sefasebuli unda iqnes konkretul saxelmwifoSi konkretul etapze marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli problemebis konteqstSi.

2. nafic msajulTa instituti, rogorc moqalaqeobrivi

pasuxismgeblobis gaRviZebisa da samoqalaqo CarTulobis xelSewyobis saSualeba.

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ara mxolod samarTlebrivi, aramed politikuri xasiaTic gaaCnia. igi moqalaqeebSi aRvivebs demokratiul impulsebs da samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas.

rogorc indianas universitetis ganaTlebis mkvlevari donald vareni wers: „kargi moqalaqeebi...arian informirebuli monawileebi. isini eZeben mtkicebulebebs, aanalizeben sakiTxebs, uZRvnian dros samoqalaqo movaleobebs, SeuZliaT gadadon sakuTari Tavi da aqvT interesi miaRwion sayovelTao da grZelvadian keTildReobas. maTTvis cnobilia sabaziso demokratiuli koncefciebi, mxars uWeren demokratiul idealebs da Tanaxma arian imarTebodnen im ratificirebuli dokumentis Tanaxmad, romliTac xdeba politikuri Zalauflebis organizeba da gadanawileba. aSS-Si samoqalaqo ganaTlebis saWiroebis tradiciuli axsna efuZneba aseTi moqalaqeebis aucileblobas respublikis sijansaRisa da ganviTarebisaTvis.2

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo aris erTaderTi instituti, romelsac SeuZlia aiZulos saSualo moqalaqe gamoabijos Tavisi kerZo sferodan da Sevides moklevadian, magram Zlevamosil rolSi rogorc sajaro moxele.3

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo uzrunvelyofs gamorCeul SesaZleblobas msajulTa gansanaTleblad demokratiuli

moqalaqeobis (democratic citizenship) rolisa da pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb.4

nafic msajulad msaxurebas SeuZlia Camouyalibos msajulebs sxva msajulebisa da mosamarTlis mimarT ndoba, aseve igive gamocdileba aRvivebs rwmenas sxva moqalaqeebis mimarT da siamayis SegrZnebas sakuTari valdebulebis Sesrulebis gamo sazogadoebisa da sajaro samsaxuris winaSe.5

nafic msajulad msaxureba sTavazobs msajulebs maTi rwmenis unikalur tests demokratiisa da sakuTari Tavis mimarT. Bbevr

1 piradi interviu prokuror l.b.-sTan, 2020 wlis Tebervali. 2 Gastil J., Pierre Deess E., Weiser Philip J., Simmons C., The Jury and Democracy - How Jury Deliberation

Promotes Civic Engagement and Political Participation, 2010, 14, Warren, 1996, 121. 3 Ibid, 14. 4 Ibid, 19. 5 Ibid, 21.



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amerikels awuxebs eWvi Tanamoqalaqeebis SesaZleblobebisa da maTi samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. satelevizio da Teatraluri sasamarTlo dramebi aZlierebs Cvens eWvs, rom Wkvian advokatebs advilad SeuZliaT saSualo moqalaqiT manipulireba. sxvebi SesaZloa ufro optimisturad iyvnen ganwyobili Tanamoqalaqeebis mimarT. Oorive SemTxvevaSi nafic msajulad msaxureba msajulebs aZlevs iSviaT SesaZleblobas naxon rogor iqceva moqalaqeTa SemTxveviT Seqmnili jgufi.1

britanuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, nafici msajulis movaleobis warmatebiT Sesrulebis Semdeg icvleba sakuTari Tavis mimarT Cveni Sexeduleba – CvenSi iRviZebs samoqalaqo siamayis grZnoba Cveni samoqalaqo instinqtebisa da gamWriaxobis gamo. Nnafic msajulad msaxureba individs aniWebs ufro Zlier samoqalaqo identobas, patriotul siamayesac ki. erT-erTma pirma, romelic mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi iyo britaneTis kanonieri moqalaqe, nafici msajulis movaleobis pirvelad Sesrulebis Semdeg ganacxada, rom nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos sistemaSi monawileobis Semdeg „Tavs ufro metad grZnobda britanel moqalaqed“ da „mas hqonda SegrZneba, rom mas epyrobodnen, rogorc britaneTis moqalaqes.“2

marTalia, zemoaRniSnuli kvlevebi ar moicavs saqarTvelos realobas, magram Cemi azriT, yvela adamianSi, romeli qveynis moqalaqec ar unda iyos igi da ra erovnebasac ar unda warmoadgendes, zis patrioti, romelsac unda, ukeTes adamianad iqces da sasargeblo saqme gaakeTos Tavisi qveynisaTvis, xolo nafic msajulad msaxureba aris amis unikaluri SesaZlebloba. igi xels uwyobs sazogadoebaSi samarTlebrivi marTlSegnebis amaRlebas da sazogadoebis wevrebis aqtiur moqalaqeebad Camoyalibebas.

daskvna. TiTqmis 10 welia, rac nafic msajulTa instituti moqmedebs

saqarTveloSi da am drois ganmavlobaSi daaxloebiT 40 saqme3 iqna ganxiluli nafic msajulTa mier. Aaqedan gamomdinare sakmarisad dagrovda gamocdileba aRniSnuli institutis muSaobis kuTxiT da gamoikveTa misi reformirebis saWiroeba sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT.

upirvelesyovlisa xazi unda gaesvas im problemas, rac xSirad aRniSnula advokatebTan intervius dros – saxelmwifos mxridan ar arsebobs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos realurad damkvidrebisaTvis arc finansuri mzaoba da arc realuri survili. Aamas ganapirobebs is, rom umetesad „nafici msajulebi moqmedeben TviTneburad, arian araprognozirebadi, sentimentalurebi, ar eqvemdebarebian

1 Gastil J., Pierre Deess E., Weiser Philip J., Simmons C., The Jury and Democracy - How Jury Deliberation

Promotes Civic Engagement and Political Participation, 2010, 14, Warren, 1996, 22. 2 Ibid, 22. 3 http://www.supremecourt.ge/files/upload-file/pdf/nafici-msajulebis-mier-ganxiluli-saqmeebis-statistika.pdf

http://www.supremecourt.ge/files/upload-file/pdf/nafici-msajulebis-mier-ganxiluli-saqmeebis-statistika.pdf



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kontrols.“1araprognozirebadi da umarTavi instituti arsarseboba ki saxelmwifos interesebSi ar Sedis.

sakonstitucio sasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom „nebismieri saxelmwifos mixedulebis farglebi farToa sasamarTlo sistemis mowyobasTan dakavSirebiT. mTavari moTxovna, romliTac demokratiuli da samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos xelisuflebebi mkacradaa SeboWili, aris is, rom sasamarTlo xelisufleba mTlianobaSi pasuxobdes mis winaSe mdgar mTavar gamowvevas – uzrunvelyos samarTliani marTlmsa-juleba, risTvisac is aRWurvili unda iyos samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis realizaciisTvis aucilebeli yvela saWiro, adekvaturi da sakmarisi berketiT. TavisTavad cxadia, rom ar arsebobs sasamarTlo xelisuflebis sistemis erTi modeli, romelic uzrunvelyofs qmediT, damoukidebel, miukerZoebel, kvalificiur da samarTlian marTlmsajulebas. saxelmwifom sakuTari ganviTarebis ama Tu im etapze, SesaZloa ganaxorcielos sasamarTlo xelisuflebis reforma misi ganmtkicebis, damoukideblobis, xelmisawvdomobisa Tu sandoobis xarisxis amaRlebis mizniT. Aam procesSi saxecvlileba SeiZleba ganicados sasamarTlo struqturam, formirebis wesma, kompetenciisa Tu iurisdiqciis gasazRvram da sxva.Aam TvalsazrisiT, nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo saxelmwifos mier sasamarTlo xelisuflebis reformis gzaze ganxorcielebul erT-erT aseT etaps warmoadgens.“2

warmoudgenelia nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos sistemis siRrmiseulad gaazreba istoriuli da Tanamedrove konteqstis gaanalizebis gareSe. nafic msajulTa sasamarTloebi dResac mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs da rCeba sazogadoebrivi diskusiebis Temad. is ar aris statikuri, mudmivad icvleba da adaptirdeba. Aam sistemis funqcias samarTlebriv sistemaSi ganapirobebs politikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri samarTlebrivi faqtorebi. Ees faqtorebi periodulad aZlierebs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos rols sazogadoebaSi, xolo zogjer ki amcirebs.3

nafic msajulTa sistema yovelTvis iyo ganviTarebis procesSi da is momavalSic Seicvleba, upasuxebs ra socialur pirobebsa da gamokveTil sazogadoebriv saWiroebebs.4

asea saqarTveloSic. 2010 wels nafic msajulTa institutis SemoRebas Tavisi istoriuli sarCuli edo safuZvlad. aRniSnuli ganapiroba ndobis dakargvam marTlmsajulebis sistemisadmi. risi

1 Sherrod Drury R., The Jury Crisis What’s wrong with Jury Trials and how we can save them, Rowman

&Littlefield, 2019, 123. 2 saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi valerian gelbaxiani, mamuka nikolaiSvili da aleqsandre silagaZe saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, №1/4/557,571,576, 13 noemberi, 2014. 3 vidmari n., hansi v. p., amerikeli nafici msajulebi verdiqti, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 2019, gv. 76. 4 B. Michael Dann, “Learning Lessons and “Speaking Rights:”Creating Educated and Democratic Juries, 68

Indiana Law Journal 1229, 1993.

http://constcourt.ge/ge/legal-acts/judgments/saqartvelos-moqalaqeebi-valerian-gelbaxiani-mamuka-nikolaishvili-da-aleqsandre-silagadze-saqartvelos-parlamentis-winaagmdeg-872.page




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gamosworebis gzad miCneul iqna is, rom Tavad moqalaqeebs aeRoT xelSi marTlmsajulebis sadaveebi.

dRevandeli qarTuli realobidan gamomdinare, marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli problemebisa da dagrovili gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mimaCnia, rom:

1. saqarTvelos moqalaqeebSi nafic msajulad msaxurebis naklebi mzaobis miuxedavad, qveyanaSi, sadac sasamarTlo sistemas sazogadoebis didi nawili ar endoba, gamarTlebulia, braldebuls hqondes arCevanis Tavisufleba da alternativis saxiT arsebobdes nafic msajulT ainstituti, xolo misi gansjadoba moicavdes ara mxolod SezRuduli raodenobis danaSaulebs, aramed sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis met muxls, vidre es gaTvaliswinebulia dRes moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT. gansjadobis gafarToeba ki xels Seuwyobs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos qarTuli marTlmsajulebis sistemasTan Seguebas. vfiqrob, braldebulebi ufro xSirad gaakeTeben arCevans nafic msajulebze, am kuTxiT dagrovdeba ufro meti gamocdileba da praqtika, sazogadoeba ukeT informirebuli gaxdeba imis Sesaxeb Tu sinamdvileSi ra Sedegis dadeba SeuZlia am sistemas da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gaakeTeben gaazrebul arCevans. paralelurad aucilebelia nafic msajulTa institutis ganviTarebis procesis Sesaxeb xalxamde swori da adekvaturi informaciis mitana.

2. umjobesi iqneba, saxelmwifom SeZlos msajulebis finansuri daintereseba, radgan kandidatTa socialurad daucveloba da yofiTi problemebi xSir SemTxvevaSi arTulebs msajulTa Semadgenlobis droulad formirebas.

3. aseve, viziareb mosazrebas, rom SemTxveviTobis principiT SerCeul msajulobis kandidatebisaTvis kiTxvarTan erTad unda moxdes saxelmZRvaneloebis dagzavna, romelic miscems kandidatebs informacias TavianTi uflebebis Sesaxeb da isini iqnebian ukeT momzadebulni TavianTi movaleobis Sesasruleblad.

4. aucilebelia nafici msajulobis kandidatebTan muSaoba da maTi waxaliseba, raTa maT piradad (ara mezoblisa da kurieris daxmarebiT) da srulyofilad Seavson kiTxvari, romelic maT egzavnebaT, vinaidan umetes SemTxvevaSi swored kiTxvarSi miwodebul nformacias eyrdnobian advokatebi msajulTa SerCevisas, amisaTvis ki saWiroa kandidatebs miewodoT saWiro instruqtaJi kompetenturi sasamarTlo moxeleebis mier.

5. aqve aRvniSnav imasac, rom saWiroa calke arsebobdnen sasamarTlos moxeleebi, romelTa movaleoba dakavSirebuli iqneba mxolod nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos funqcionirebasTan da isini specialurad iqnebian gadamzadebulni am miznebisaTvis.



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6. aseve, mniSvnelovania, rom nafic msajulebs CautardeT instruqtaJi Tu rogor unda warmarTon TaTbiri da rogor ar unda moeqcnen mediis, sxva msajulebisa da aseve sxva gare faqtorebis zegavlenis qveS.

l i t e r a t u r a

L i t e r a t u r e Л и т е р а т у р а

1. saqarTvelos konstitucia (23/03/2018 redaqcia). 2. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi (09/10/2009

redaqcia). 3. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis konvecia,

evropis sabWo, 4/11/1950. 4. makbraidi j., saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTloebis

muSaobis sruli Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa evropul standartebTan, Tb., 2017 wlis ivnisi.

5. grozevi i., vitkauskasi d., levis-entoni s., (mT. red.), samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufleba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis Tanaxmad (me-6 muxli), saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisTvis, momzadebulia Ria sazogadoebis institutis mxardaWeriT, Tbilisi 2008.

6. TumaniSvili g., jiSkariani b., Srami e., evropuli da saerTaSoriso samarTlis zegavlena qarTul sisxlis saproceso samarTalze, gamomcemloba meridiani, Tb., 2019.

7. meiSvili z., (red.) nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo, warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis mokle istoria, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo, Tb., 2012.

8. wiqariSvili k., iorhendi l., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo (dasavluri sistemebis mimoxilva), Tb., 2012.

9. nafic msajulTa instituti saqarTveloSi, avtorTa jgufi, fondi Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelo, Tb., 2013.

10. kelenjeriZe i., saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi principebi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis konteqstSi (verifikacia, implementacia, efeqtianoba), disertacia, Tb., 2015.

11. doliZe a., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo saqarTveloSi da misi Sesabamisoba adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciasTan, statiaTa krebuli – adamianis uflebebi da samarTlis uzenaesoba, (red.) k. korkelia, Tb., 2013.

12. burjanaZe g., nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos mier gamotanili verdiqtis dasabuTebuloba: evropul standartebTans aqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba, statiaTa krebuli“ adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso standartebi da saqarTvelo,“ (red.) k. korkelia, Tb., 2011.



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13. tabataZe g., motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis ufleba, Jur. sakonstitucio samarTlis mimoxilva, 2016.

14. vidmari n., hansi v. p., amerikeli nafici msajulebi verdiqti, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 2019.

15. Nnafic msajulTa institutis mimarT sazogadoebis informirebuloba dadamokidebuleba, kvleva momzadda proeqtis “sasamarTlos xelisuflebis mxardaWera” farglebSi, romelsac

axorcielebs gaeros ganviTarebis programa (UNDP) saqarTvelosuzenaessasamarTlosTanTanamSromlobiT, Tb., 2007.

16. nafic msajulTa instituti (Taviseburebani da problemebi), avtorTa koleqtivi, kavkasiis saerTaSoriso universiteti, saerTaSoriso kvleviTi instituti, gamomcemloba “universali”, Tb., 2017.

17. adamianis uflebebi da marTlmsajuleba saqarTveloSi, sazogadoebis damokidebuleba da informirebuloba, kvlevis

angariSi momzadebulia „eisiTis“ mier evrokavSirisa (EU) da

gaeros ganviTarebis programis ( UNDP) mxardaWeriT, 2017. 18. saqarTveloSi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobisa da praqtikis

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xelSewyobis regionaluri centri“, Tbilisi, 2013. 21. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba –

saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi valerian gelbaxiani, mamuka nikolaiSvili da aleqsandre silagaZe saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, №1/4/557,571,576, 13 noemberi, 2014.

22. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba – saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi nadia xurciZe da dimitri lomiZe saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, № 1/1/650,699, 27 ianvari, 2017.

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Others v. United Kingdom (dec.), no. 14739/89, 1989 wlis 9 maisi, McLoughlin

v. Ireland (dec.), no. 15967/90, 1992 wlis 6 ivlisi, Malone v. United Kingdom

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34421/09, 13 November 2012.

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2012wlis 24 ianvari.

r e z i u m e

Nnafic msajulTa sasamarTlo da samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba

Eela kusiani

saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos evropuli konvenciis

moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis kuTxiT arsebobs rigi gamowvevebi, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi unda daiZlios aRniSnuli institutis reformirebis gziT.

winamdebare statiis farglebSi Sevecdebi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos qarTuli modeli ganvixilo samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis konteqstSi. kerZod, vimsjelo iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: gonivrul vadaSi saqmis ganxilvis ufleba, nafic msajulTa verdiqtis Sesabamisoba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis dasabuTebulobis princip-Tan, dacvis ufleba, sasamarTlos damoukidebloba da miukerZoebloba, nafic msajulTa dacva gareSe zegavlenisagan. statia aseve moicavs qarTveli praqtikosi advokatebis mosazrebebs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosTan dakavSirebiT arsebul problemebze. mokled Sevexebi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos rols moqalaqeobrivi pasuxismgeblobis gaRviZebisa da samoqalaqo CarTulobis xelSewyobaSi.



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statiis bolos gamoTqmuli iqneba garkveuli rekomendaciebi, saqarTveloSi moqmedi nafic msajulTa institutis evropul standartebTan daaxloebis uzrunvelsayofad.

S U M M A R Y

THE JURY AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL

ELLA KUSIANI

In the framework of this article, I will try to discuss the Georgian model of the jury trial

in the context of the right to a fair trial.I will try to discuss issues such as: the right to hear a

case within a reasonable time, the compliance of the jury verdict with the principle of

reasoning court decision, the right to a lawyer, the independence and impartiality of the court,

the protection of jurors from external influences.The article also covers the views of Georgian

practicing lawyers on problems of the jury. I will briefly touch the role of the jury in

promoting civic responsibility and civic engagement.

In the end of the article, some recommendations will be made to ensure that the

institution of jury operating in Georgia is closer to European standards.

Р Е З Ю М Е

СУД ПРИСЯЖНЫХ И ПРАВО НА СПРАВЕДЛИВЫЙ СУД

ЭЛЛА КУСИАН

Врамках этой статьи я попытаюсь обсудить грузинскую модель суда присяжных в

контексте права на справедливое судебное разбирательство. Я постараюсь обсудить

такие вопросы, как: право на рассмотрение дела вразумный срок, соответствие

вердикта присяжных принципу мотивировки судебного решения, право на адвоката, независимость и беспристрастность суда, защита присяжных заседателей от внешних

воздействий. Встатье также освещаются взгляды грузинских практикующих юристов

на проблемы присяжных. Я кратко коснусь роли жюри в продвижении гражданской

ответственности и гражданской активности. В конце статьи будут даны некоторые рекомендации для обеспечения того, чтобы

действующий в Грузии институт присяжных заседателей был ближек европейским

стандартам.

ნაფიც მსაჯულთა სასამართლო და...

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