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Transcript of Take Charge of Your Lectures Concentrate and Focus on the Material Listen Critically Connect and...
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STUDY SKILLSPART 1:NOTE TAKING
SKILSS
PREPARED BY:MR.ARIVU
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5 C’S OF NOTE-TAKING
Take Charge of Your Lectures
Concentrate and Focus on the Material
Listen Critically
Connect and Capture Key Ideas
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TAKE CHARGE OF YOUR LECTURES
Commit to Class
Pre-read material to be covered before class
Identify areas that are difficult to understand
Arrive to class early and review notes from the previous class period
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CONCENTRATEAND FOCUS ON THE
MATERIAL!!!
Beware of Distractions Talking Daydreaming & Doodling Worrying
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LISTEN CRITICALLY
Be Ready for the Message
Listen to Main Concepts
Listen for New Ideas
Ask Questions
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CONNECT AND CAPTURE KEY IDEAS
Identify key words, themes and main points Relate Details to the Main Point Listen for Clues
Note when a topic comes up more than once Transition words signal the change in topics or new key points
“In contrast to”“Let’s move on”“This will be on the next exam”“You will see this again”
This one for sure!
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CHOOSE THE NOTE-TAKING STYLE THAT’S JUST RIGHT
FOR YOU!
Use any strategy that will help the key ideas
stand out to you!!
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NOTE-TAKING STYLES
Outline Method
The Cornell Method
Paragraph (Summarizing) Method
Fishbone Diagram (Listing) Method
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THE OUTLINE METHOD
Use headings and subheadings followed by course material
Easiest method with organized lectures
FormalOutline
InformalOutline
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THE CORNELL METHOD
Divide your notepaper by drawing a vertical line 2 inches from the left margin.
On the right side, take your notes from class.
On the left side, write key words questions comments Examples
On the bottom, write a summary These will make your work easier
to review later Test yourself by identifying the
lecture material on the right , prompted by your comments on the left.
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THE PARAGRAPH METHOD
Often works best when a lot of notes are given in a short period of time and the instructor is a fast talker or the lecture is disorganized.
Listen critically for important facts.
Create your own summary of what has been presented.
Write down summary in your own words.
Did you get
that?
No, we’d better
summarize!
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THE FISHBONE DIAGRAM
The Problem or outcome is printed in the “head” of the fish.
Identify the primary factors and connect as ribs to the backbone.
Elaborate each rib with the details related to the primary factor.
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OTHER NOTE-TAKING TIPS
Always date your notes! Paraphrase your notes! Don’t Erase Mistakes! For Lectures with fast talkers, consider writing in
cursive or tape recording. Use Abbreviations! Be Organized! Evaluate your note-taking style strategy
regularly!
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PART 2: A STUDY READING STRATEGY
SQ3R
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REVIEW
What does a person have to develop to be an effective reader? HABITS
Which 3 habits are essential in order to become an effective reader? Commit to reading Concentrate on your reading Read actively
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TO READ ACTIVELY OR SKILLFULLY:
Understand the reading process Utilize strategies that can help you read more
efficiently Maximize reading comprehension Minimize reading time Retain information Improve concentration
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WHAT IS SQ3R?
A study reading method or technique based on a series of steps
It divides the reading process into 3 stages: Before : Preparation During : Concentration After: Retention
WHY USE SQ3R? Organized information is easier to remember than
information taken in without a plan
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THE STEPS IN SQ3R
Survey Question Read Recite Review
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SURVEY Get an overview or general
idea about the reading by previewing
This helps to activate any previous knowledge we may have Find out about the author, type
of work, and subject Look at the title, subtitles, or
headings Look at any visuals (captions,
pictures, charts or drawings)
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Read the first paragraph and the first sentence of each other paragraph
Read the last paragraph Look for key words in different
print Circle or underline any difficult
words as a vocabulary preview Make a PREDICTION about
the main idea or central theme The author’s idea or message
about the topic of discussion
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Remember-don’t read all the material!All you want is an idea, so only take a few minutes to conduct your survey!Practice: Food for Luck
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QUESTION
Formulate information (Wh) questions on what you have surveyed These will help you to concentrate or focus while
reading! For example: the title, visuals, the first lines of the
different paragraphs etc. Follow the organization of the article!
Practice: Food for Luck
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READ
Read thoroughly and actively, focusing on your questions This gives your reading a purpose
As you read, you can annotate (underline and take notes in the margin) Writing reinforces what you read
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RECITE
Try to answer the questions you formulated based on what you remember
If you have problems, then these are the areas you will pay closer attention to when you review
Recite after a long section; repeat information and reread if necessary
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REVIEW Look over the material again but without
rereading; go over the questions again Verify your prediction and revise it if
necessary Now that you’ve read you can determine
what the main idea or central theme is Respond and reflect by connecting the
reading to your previous experiences
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Before Reading
During ReadingReadRecite
Review
After Reading
SurveyQuestio
n
PREPAREIdentify author and work
Make PredictionsEstablish Purpose
Pre-readActivate previous knowledge
Raise Questions
READAnnotateMonitor
comprehension
RESPONDReviewReflect
SQ3R
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PART 3:MEMORY TECHNIQUES
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MEMORY AND YOUR BRAIN:
The power and process of reproducing and recalling
information learned, retained and retrieved
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KINDS OF MEMORY YOU USE
Semantic: Words and Symbols Implicit: How to Remote: Data collected over time
repeated experience Working or Short term Episodic: Recent experience
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THE WAY YOU LEARN AFFECTS HOW YOU REMEMBER.
WHAT KIND OF LEARNER ARE YOU?
Visual LearnerAuditory Learner
Bodily Kinesthetic Learner
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YOU NEVER FORGET…
Your brain never loses anything
Forgetting: it is either the inability to recall stored information or the failure to store information in the first place
The things that interest you
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WE REMEMBER
10% of what we read 20% of what we hear 30% of what we see 50% of what we see and
hear 70% of what we say 90% of what we say and do
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PROCESS OF MEMORY
Attention and Selection Encoding Storage Retrieval
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ATTENTION AND SELECTION
The first process of memory is attention. There is much more
information in your environment than you can process at any given time. You
must make choices (conscious and unconscious) regarding what you will attend to and store in your memory
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ENCODING = RECEIVING INFORMATION
How are memories formed? It refers to translating incoming information
into a mental representation that can be stored in memory
You can encode the information in a number of different ways According to sound (acoustic code) What it looks like (visual code) What it means (semantic code)
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STORAGE = RETENTION OF INFORMATION
It is the process of holding information in your memory
Short-Term vs. Long-Term Memory Transfer from Short to Long-term
Repeating the information Practicing Thinking about it deeply (elaborate) – draw
connections between what you are trying to remember and other things that are familiar to you
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RETRIEVAL = RECALL OR RECOGNITION
It is the process of actually remembering something when you
want to
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MEMORY TECHNIQUES
1. Learn from the general to the specific2. Make it meaningful3. Create associations4. Learn it once, actively5. Relax6. Recite and repeat
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MEMORY TECHNIQUES
7. Create pictures - draw diagrams, mind maps- create action- make pictures vivid- turn abstract ideas into
concrete actions or images
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MEMORY TECHNIQUES
8. Write it down (outline, 3x5 cards, summary)
9. Reduce interference10. Over learn11. Escape the short-term memory trap12. Use daylight13. Distribute Learning14. Be aware of attitudes
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MEMORY TECHNIQUES
15. Choose what not to store in memory16. Combine memory techniques17. Remember something else18. Notice when you do remember19. Use it before you lose it20. Remember, you never forget.21. Grouping by category, alphabet,
chronological order
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MEMORY TECHNIQUES
22. Create abbreviations23. Visualize24. Review
24 hrs after learning takes place
10 minute review reinforces one hour class
periodically to move material from short- to long-term memory
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MNEMONICS
Are methods for remembering information that is otherwise quite difficult to recall
A word or a sentence which is intended to be easier to remember than the thing it stands for.
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MNEMONIC DEVICES
Acronyms – words created from the initial letters of a series of words NASA : National Aeronautics and Space
Administration Acrostics – sentences that help you
remember a series of letters that stand for something “Every Good Boy Does Fine (E,G,B,D and F)
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MNEMONIC DEVICES
Rhymes and Songs – Make a rhyme or a song of the facts Alphabet (Twinkle, Twinkle little Star)
Loci Systems – creates visual associations with familiar locations. It can also help you remember things in a particular order
Peg Systems – employs key words represented by numbers Example 1=bun, 2=shoe, 3=tree, 4=door
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REMEMBERING NAMES
Recite and repeat in conversation
Ask the other person to recite and repeat
Visualize Admit you don’t know Introduce yourself again Use associations
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REMEMBERING NAMES
Limit the number of new names you learn at one time
Ask for photos Go early Make it a game
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Lean Protein
1. Fish -- Salmon (especially Alaskan Salmon caught in the wild, farmed fish is not as rich in omega-3-fatty acids), tuna, mackerel, herring (also listed under fats)2. Poultry -- chicken (skinless) and turkey (skinless)3. Meat -- lean beef and pork 4. Eggs (enriched DHA eggs are best)5. Tofu and soy products (whenever possible choose organically raised)6. Dairy products -- low fat cheeses and cottage cheese, low fat sugar free yogurt and low fat or skim milk7. Beans, especially garbanzo beans and lentils (also listed under carbohydrates)8. Nuts and seeds, especially walnuts (also listed under fats) -- Great recipe: soak walnuts in water and sea salt overnight, drain and sprinkle with cinnamon (natural blood sugar balancer) and low roast 4 hours at 250 degrees -- makes them easier to digest.
FOODS that can improve your memory.
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Complex Carbohydrates9. Berries -- especially blueberries (brain berries), raspberries, strawberries, blackberries10. Oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit11. Cherries12. Peaches, plums13. Broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts14. Oats, whole wheat, wheat germ -- oatmeal needs to be the long cooking kind as instant has a higher glycemic index since the manufacturer has broken down the fiber to speed cooking time and basically make it a refined carbohydrate. Same goes for bread, look for at least 3 grams of fiber. Remember unbleached wheat flour is white flour, it must say whole wheat.15. Red or yellow peppers (much higher in Vitamin C than green peppers)16. Pumpkin squash17. Spinach -- works wonderfully as a salad, or a cooked vegetable, adds fiber and nutrients18. Tomatoes19. Yams** Beans (also listed under proteins)
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Fats20. Avocados21. Extra virgin cold pressed olive oil 22. Olives** Salmon (also listed under protein)** Nuts and nut butter, especially walnuts, macadamia nuts, Brazil nuts, pecans and almonds (also listed under protein)
Liquids23. Water24. Green or black tea
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IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY
www.Luminosity.com (games)www.thebrain.mcgill.ca (the brain from top
to bottom)www.zefrank.com/memory/ (games)www.faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chmemory.html
(experiments)www.brainrules.net (theory and science)