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Transcript of tactic (de Certeau): the use by the less-powerful of structures created by the powerful to try to...
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BURRELL, JENNA (2008) PROBLEMATIC EMPOWERMENT: WEST AFRICAN INTERNET SCAMS AS STRATEGIC
MISREPRESENTATION. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT 4(4): 15-30
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Does access to ICTs improve socio-economic status for people in the Global South?
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Where did Burrell do her research?
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How did Burrell do her research?
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What are Burrell’s theoretical criteria?
tactic (de Certeau): the use by the less-powerful of structures created by the powerful to try to achieve their own goals
self-presentation (Goffman): how one presents oneself to others in given contexts
primitivist perplex (Prins): a dilemma constituted by the need for indigenous people to use dominant group images of them in order to pursue their goals
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tactic (de Certeau): the use by the less-powerful of structures created by the
powerful to try to achieve their own goals
![Page 7: tactic (de Certeau): the use by the less-powerful of structures created by the powerful to try to achieve their own goals self-presentation.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042821/56649e165503460f94b00863/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
self-presentation (Goffman): how one presents oneself to others in given contexts
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primitivist perplex (Prins): a dilemma constituted by the need for indigenous people to use dominant group images of them in order to pursue their goals
![Page 9: tactic (de Certeau): the use by the less-powerful of structures created by the powerful to try to achieve their own goals self-presentation.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042821/56649e165503460f94b00863/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How do some Ghanaians use the internet to make money?
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How do some Ghanaians use the internet to make money?
Ghana Education Scam I received a friend request from a young man in Ghana -
Mohammed Hudu (later became Yakubu Hudu). Claimed to need money to go to school. Lots of things didn't add up. Finally called Ghana consulate in Houston to ask if a student must pay $200 to take exams. He flat out told me "NO" and that this was "100%" a scam. This kid really had me. Sent me pictures of the family. had me really feeling sorry for his situation. His "teacher" started contacting me. When I told him that I was running out of money (already sent $3000) he continued to pressure me saying "don't you want him to be educated"?, blah blah blah. Finally blocked him on FB - then unblocked so I could report his page ... but in the meantime he's written me again. A small part of me says "what if." But a bigger part of me does not want to go broke.—Scammed1954 (http://jobsearch.about.com/u/ua/jobsearchscams/jobscams.11.htm)
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This plays on images Westerners have of Ghanaians (“Africans”)
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It also arises from Ghanaians’ belief that Westerners are wealthy and greedy
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And it is based on their belief and experience that no one will fund their own initiatives
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The scammers adopt alternate identities, using the capability of ICTs to develop and
project these
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The way the scammers play with information shows that it is not the
neutral or powerful repository of knowledge that internet proponents
claim
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Conclusion: How have Ghanaians been “empowered” by ICTs?
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At what cost?
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Note that Burrell is NOT arguing that all Ghanaians use the internet to scam.
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Given how the West views Ghanaians and their lack of ability to raise funds independently, how can
Ghanaians overcome the stereotypes they must use?