'. STATUI UNITED $TATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR...

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UNITED $TATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

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NATIONAL l:USTORIC LJ.ND}IARK--1974 UPDATE (Type a// entries - comp/ct" ,1pp/icnh/o sociions)

Pearl Harbor ANOIOR HISTORIC!

STATUI

C:OUNTV•

Honolulu FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENYflV NUMBER -r OAT£

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Pu'u•loa. U, S. Naval Ba.se, Pearl Hnrbor; Pearl Lochs, Pearl

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STRE£.T A.NC NUMBE.RI •

South coast of Oahu Island; eight miles west of Honolulu, CITY OR TOWNI

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STATE

Hawaii

(Cheek One)

0 District 0 Building gg Public

119 Site 0 Structur• 0 Private

0 Object 0 Bath

PRESENT USE (Check One or More ns Approptlate)

0 Agrlcuhu;al 0 Government 0 0 Commorelol llQ Industrial 0 0 Educotionol cg Mi litory p 0 Entertainment cg Museum 0

I 1c:; I Honolulu

Pultlic Acqui sitlon1

0 In Proceu

0 Being Considered

Pork

Ptivote Residence

Religious

Scionlific

~ Occupied

0 Unoccupied . 0 Unrestricted

0 Proservolton worlt .

In pragros• 0 No·

0 Tronsponatlort 0 Contment•

KJ Other (SPttclly)

Qonservation

U. S. Navy, Department o£ Defense •

STREET AND NUMBE.AI

ISTATEl

D. C. CIT't OR TOWN:

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F .o o e $C R 1 P 1!£1'l.1.iLc;i ',;;.''''"'\\:"':: '::.'' .1.' 'a>.;;>::.' ·'::.'' .:..':.:.'·· ;..;· · ;.;.:;.·':;;.:C:i;;.)'wX:r;'i:'a""". 'c(aY::::<:.;.Wc:.'·· :;.;'' '':.;.''t.';:; ~::.<:.:; ·':.;.-::C;:.: >a,nZJnwtt2t\t;' ':2:;\z:i::.\'.:..' ::.''£" :;;t:"~'''.::.";;;'t;;.'J:';:.::_:-;,:. /';;;··n"''.::-?!we, Y\h~ _., CCheclc One)

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CONDITION 0 Good 0 Foh 0 Ooterioroted 0 Ruin• 0 Unexpoud

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, OESCAtBII. THE PAii.IENT ANO ORIGINAL, (U known) PHVSICAL. APP&:"-RANCE Item 7 Page l of 7

"Pearl Harbor is a. double estuary formed by tho 'drowning' of the valley ··of tll:e Paarl River, eo nomad boco.uoo poo.rl oysters once abounded thoro • The 8llciont Hawaiians boliovod it wna tho homo of tho 11lmrlc god<lonn, Ka.c.hupahua, This fine harbor wo.a lmown to eo.rly trndorn, but n.lmoot no uae was made of it bocauao a coro.l roof acroon tho ontro.noo blockocl a.ccoaa by voaaela drawin5 more than 10 foot of water. Yo·t i·ta potm\tinl value was early recognized. Members of the Wilkes OXJlOdi tion examined it; and in 1845 Lieut. I. W. Curtis, 'an American marino offioer,'pointod out tho importance of the ho.rbor for defense of .tho islands," (Hussey 1962) ·

(1972) "The initial attempt to cu-:: a. deeper channel throu(",h the oorri.l roof outaide the harbor was ma.de in 1900. The firot vooael to entor the hnrbor was the gunboat USS PETREL, while tho first large ship waa tho armored cruiser, USS CALIFORNIA,

"The Secretary of the NavY was au·tho:r.iMd and diroo ted ·to on tnl>linh n. na.val ata.tion a.t Pea.rl Harbor by tho Appropriation Act of l) Mo;y 1903, That_ same yea;,, the Nav:r Department ont;inocra surveyed tho bo.rron ncroa to kia.wii stubble, burnt cane and coro.l 11hioh wore lo:tor to booomo the NavY Yard, Pearl Harbor. The government also let a. oontro.ot for tho. dredging of a channel to the harbor in 1908.

11\>/ork on Drydock {/1 be&an in 1911. In February 191), two yoaro of lnl1or became a. mass of wreckage in one fateful m.i.nuto when ·tho bottom of a orib section failed. Hawaiians claimed thnt -::ho dionator wa.o tho fo.ult of the Mainland engineora, who refused to mako tho proper nnorifioon to tho • shark god, • who made hie homo in Ponrl Hnrbor. Durl.n« tho rolmil.Unt~ of tho drydock, a. Ho.wniian construction m<m is nnid to hnvo olippucl .iuLo the Yard in tho doad of nl.,o;ht to hold tho proper ooromony for I•I•ronniut~ 'tho 'aho.rk god.' Duo to tho rolio$iouo riton, advanced onf~inoorint> tnohniquoo, or a oornbinntion of both, tho cl:cyclook wail oomplotod withouio inoic!.mt in 1919. It in ni;lll in uno tocln.,y,

'"l'hn Nnvy YnT.'tl, l",,n.rl lin:dJor, f':I~OW by .I nnpn mul lH>tHuln tln·••itt/': lih,, -nnx 1. cl<>ontln. 'l'hn /f,OVCU"IIIIII mt hnt-:"n ntrnut~I.J,.,nl.ll/( Ll "' lm11n Jn ] 9)~, n.rnl 1111 1 •. 1 I. 191!5 'Liv>ro wan 11 connLnnl; JnrJux or M•dnln1ul worlwl'll, whlnh uxo•••••ln<l Lho> 2l~o000 ma~·k Jn ,Juno 1911)• ••• J.n VJI1~;, l;hn H11.V,Y Ynr<l nl"l':io:l.n.'lly h•><uom•• Lho NeWill llhi)I,YC\rcl , , • nn Jmporl;ll.raL 11.1111 fonnlclnhln ocaral.<ll.' ol' il01l'nunu, oncl n nhip roplllr nucl l'lool; mn:i.n·J;oHto.nu<t hn.nn nuooricl l;n JUlllfl, I~ ln nino tho lnrj.~.>nt inclunLrl.ld. nol •. lv.t.-L.v, rni.ll~n·•·.v en• ol.v.Ll.tnn, Jn ·!;lao nLILI.<t nl' llnwnii." (l'u~>rl. 1111-l~hr.:r: Nt.v11l t:h.lpym:d Jnf'no~niLI •. I.ull .llnolllCII;, l.')'/~, I'I'·J-h.)

(continued)

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Item 7 Page 2 of 7

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(1973) ". • • As the pilot guided the plane to en·~er the landing field !rom the

sea, the hostaaa announced to the passengers: 'Behold the sea harbor,

which is on the la!t,• she uttered the word, an Hawaiian word, 'Wai-Momi,'

and defined it to mean 'Pearl Harbor.'

'"2he true nama o£ Pearl Harbor is 'Ke-awa.-ku-o-ka-Momi. •

meaning •a harbor created like,• 'Momi' moaning 'pearl.•

reason !or the name o£ the natural harbor.

'Ke-awa-ku-o-ka.' Thus, the

"'v1ai • is the word defining !rash water, and 'kai •; defines sea waters. • • • "

(Pilahi Paki, in letter to editor, Honolulu Advertiser, May 23, 1973,

P• A-23.)

"Pu'u-loa •••• Land division and old name for Pearl Harbor, Oahu;

breadfruit are said to have been brought here from 'Upolu, Samoa.

Lit., long hill.' (Mary Kawena Pukui and Samuel li. Elbert, Place Names

Of'""Ha\~aii, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1966, p. 2$.)

(1974) In common usage in Hawaii, the place names Pearl liaxbor and naval ba.ne

are interchangeable. Both are leeally inexact but generic and popular

terms !or the inland port and adjacent lands that contain several sepa

rate and distinctly different naval activities, each with its own com

manding officer, eta££, facilities, ffiisaion and assigned land and/or

water areas. In addition to the naval Rhipyard, tenan·~s at Pearl Harbor

with real estate include a branch o£ a naval am;nunition d.opot; a 11a.r.tne

barracks; several fleet trainine centers; a naval station; a supply cen

ter; an inactive ship ma:i.ntenance facility; a dcporming facility; a.

public worke center; a submarine base; a naval district headquartere;

and on Ford Island, a rum~a;r aasignlild to a nearby naval air etation.

Official titles for these co~~ands/services are not listed here, for

titles moderni~e as well as do the facilities they use. For instance,

the "Navy Yard" is now the "Naval Shipyard."

Man-caused physical chango has been since 1902 a continuing procees end

a necessary attribute o£ Pearl Harbor as en active naval ba.ae. Tile

process of chanee in physical !aoilitioa at Pearl Harbor is par~ a.nd

parcel of the process of chane;o in naval tlilchnology. National His ~oric

Landmark designation in 1964 rocot;ni'l:od an active navo.l baoo boonueo of

ito ouccess in its mieoion to nuppor,• tho floe>.; and ita rola·~ed historic

role in the expansion of tho United States as a Pacific power. Tho 19111

enom:r attac'o on Pearl Harbor is one reeult of tho of!ectivonooo of ito

mission and role. Thus, Pearl Harbor's continuing function outHeighed

its physical focilities for qualification e.s a Nat.iomJ.l ii'istoric Lnnclmfl.l:k •

Chanee is a baaic quality of Pearl Harbor's nationaJ. si(;llificanoe. 'l'hera

io no one water or land \1no, buildinc or atruoturo whose preservation

!or historic purpooos ;pm: r.n tokoa 1>recodcnco over ~ho prc>ccnn of chauf,(l

neceosarJ to maintain tho support-of-tho-fleet mission of Pearl lloruor.

Navy-directed physical ch~~gs.is necessary, normal and expected at ?earl

Harbor to further that mission.

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Item 7 Page 3 of 7

Several examples of the process of chan~ at Pearl Harbor follow.

{1) Brn.vo (formerly lli'Jkor) Berths 1, 2, 3, ll• T11oso four ship barths

in the Naval Shipyard are adjacent to Drydock No. 1, tho firs~ built.

Test borines wore made in 1909; tao·~ pilings driven in 1911.~r and tbc

original pilines driven in 1915. Tile last ma.jor rocons~ruc-tion of the

·four berths occurred in 1969, with improved grounding of the electrical

system made in 1971. ~Urther improvements· are planned and await receipt

of funds. More than 400 plans and dreMings of the changes, both major

and minor, which have occurred in the period 1909-1971 exist.

{2) Buildinrr No. 1, Administration Buildincr. Under construction in

1912, this reinforced concrete structure has served as the headquarters

of the Navy Yard (Now Naval Shipyard) and since 1916 also as the head

quarters of a. naval district. Two wings and a top noor have been

added to the original structure, and since 1940 seven annexes have bean

bUilt. !<lore than 300 plane and dra,dngs exist to document the changes

and growth of the original two-story building. · • ·

{3) Dr;rdocks, J3ravo Docks, Fox Piers. vlhen aircraft carriers with·

canted flight decks joined the fleet, the flight decks protruded over

existing c:t:ane rails at drydocks, docks and piers where the carriers

berthed. The required refigurations of. cranes and crane rails involved,

among other things, reinforoetlent and solidification of the ground and

base Under the new rail locations for the shipyard cranes.

(4) Submarine facilities. New hull shapes for submarines were deei811ed

to house Polaris missiles. Tllis new class of submarines required major

redesign of support and berthing facilities at Pearl Uarbor' s submarine

base.

:Building ll=ber 1, with its seven am1exes, ma;y be replaced in the :f'uture

by a multi-story administration building on its site. AlthouBb tuilikely,

a vast underwater facility mey somoda;y require the removal of Ford Island

and the sunken hull of tho USS AriMn~.. If such modernizations become

necessary to accomplish the national defense mission of Pearl Harbor,

they would be other, if extreme, exat:1ples of tho process of chanee behind

the qunlifioation of the U. s. Naval Baas, Pearl Harbor, as a. National

Historic Landmark.

Federal Undertakinas at Pearl Harbor

Nothin(i absolves or lessens the responsibility of tho U. S. Navy, or f1JI:J'

Federal aeency, from conoiderine> tho effect of any fodernlly financed

or licensed undertaldne; on the U. s. Naval Ba.oo, Pearl Harbor, inclu•line;

its setting, as 0. property ·on the National Hoaister of Historic Places;

nor from complyinli with all applicable lo'e•lero..l. lmm and ret~llo.tiono per

to.inine; to ouch propor~ioo, In conoidol.'in({ tho offoct, however, it

should be rocoQlizod that tho property lar(,"'ly qunli£ied for Nationol.

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Item 7 Page 4 of 7

Reejster listing because of the continuing and historic modernizations and changes necessary to accomplish itG national defense mission • Future planned changes in :furthera.."lco of this continuing mission at

Pearl Harbor in many cases may permit tho Navy to arrive at a determina

tion of "No effect" pursuant to tho procedures for compli~mce \lith

Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (80 Stat. 915). kny such determination is the responsibility of the Navy tmd must

be properly documented in each case. Future planned changes in further

ance of any mission or program other than Pearl Harbor' a traditional and

historic national defense mission must have other justification for a

finding of "No effect." Such findings would probably be rare, and the

following of additional steps in the co~plianoe procedures be the usual

case.

Pearl Harbor and Executive Order 11593

Nothing absolves or lessens the responsibilities of the U. s. Navy, or

any Federal agency, from compliance with Executive Order 11593 of

~lay 13, 1971. The application of Criteria o£ National Significance for

National Historic Landr:larka has placed the U. s. Naval Jlase, Pearl

Harbor, on the National Register of Historic Places as a "hiatorio site"

and does not single out any specific spot, facility, building, atruc·ture

or object. The Uavy, in· ita compliance ~Ti th E0-11593 usee different

criteria in ita evaluation £or nomination. Any specific sites, buildings,

structures, or objects within Pearl Harbor nominated by the U. s. Navy,

and/or subsequently listed on the National Register in compliance with

E0-11593 individually require compliance with Section 106 of the National

Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (80 Stat. 915). The qualities, such

as association with events or persons, any artistic or architectural

distinctions, which qualified them individually £or nomination under

E0-11593 must be taken into account when the Criteria for Effect is

applied.

~1 Harbor and Oki-oki-lepe Fishpond

In accordance with tho National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the State of Hawaii nominated a fishpond on the shores of Pearl Ha.rbor to·

the National Resistor. Okiokilepo pond (Hmraii identification number

80-13-143) was entered on the National Ro~ister on April 10, 1973. As a property on the National Rogistor, federal undertakine-s at or near

the pond require compliance with Section 106 as noted above.

Other Federal Agencies <Jnd Pearl Hnrbor

In addition to the U. S. l'lavy, other Federal ae;encies rn<:>;Y perform, licenoe or finance undertakings a'.; Pearl Harbor or within its oetting.

Such undortakin,gs rnuot comply '~ith Section 106 o.a noted abovo. l!'or

instance, to mitigate advcroe effects on wildlife causod by tho con

struction of the "reef runway" offshore of Honolulu International

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Item 7 PS&O !) o£ 7 ·

·.Airport, two fishpond-swamp axeas in Pearl Harbor are beinB' broueht up to standards to qualify for National·Wildlife RefUge statuo. ~1eoe ;u:eaa are vTaiawa, of approximately 27 acres, on Pearl City peninDUl.a; and Honouliuli, of approximately 44 acr.~s, on the ohoreo of vToat Looh. Their title may be tho "Pearl Harbor National vTildlife Refueo." Administering agency is the Bureau of Sports Fisheries and 'l\'ildli£e, U'. S. Department of the Interior.

LA.NllXARK :SOUlffiARIES illiD SETTING

:Boundary Criteria.. On the basis that tho fundamental quality which qualified the U. s. Naval :Base, Pearl Harbor a.a a National Historic Landmark was ita function (as an active naval base with mission to support the U. s. fleet) that was performed to data and continues in the 20th century; then the bounda:dcs of the Landmark inoluda those water and land areas historically, intimately and directly associated with that function. Thaao boundary criteria exclude much of the land areas added pursuant to this :t'u11ction during vlorld War II. Portions of land areas added during '1orld. 'var II are now being diverted piecemeal. to civilian or non-governmental uses, but all or parto of theoe land axea.a ma:y lie within the· setting of the landmark. .All of the wa.te:r areas 'of Paid Harbor axe included within the boundaries along with certain adjacent lands.

The Landmark's Settin15 includes tho surrounding land and fresh water oouraes, and the reefs, ocean floors and aea waters adjacent and offshore, where undertski:nga could chaneo the quality or quantity of waters within the Landmark boundaries, or effect that quality of the land which caused it to be included within the Landmark boundaxies.

VEirnAL DJo;SCRIPTION OF :BOUNDARIES

1. lleginni:ng' at a point offshoro ·of the Fort Kamohruneha Milita.r;r Reservation, which poirit has tho gooe;raphioill coordinates of 21°17'30" north latitude and 157°56'30" wost lone:ttude, lll1d proceedinS' due north approxima.toly 1.9 miles to the shore near Kumumau Point;

\, 2. thence westerly along the shore toward l'oarl Harbor entrance to the :Breakwater, and· continuing northerly alons tho eaoterly chore o£ the entrance, past :Siohop Point, to a point on the shore opposite the gate on the road which sep=atoo tho No.vill Shipyc.xd frolil Hickam .Air Force :Base,. a distance of approximately 3.4 miles;

J. thence along tho fence line south of and parallel to South Avenue to the far or northeo.ot side of tho Na.L;. Gate (Nimitz highwa:y £ate). a distance of approximately 1.4 miles;

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Item 7 Page 6 o£ 7

\. . 4. thence following and continuing along the fence line by its

changing directions along Sixth St:.eat, eta. {to the south and then east of Bloch .Axena grounilo) to the place of ita meeting with Kamehameha. Highway, a place-of-meeting approximately 12!) £eet oouth o£ the center of Hakalapa Gate, a diatar.ce alon5 the f'enae line of approximately .8!) miles;

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.. '• J . 5. thence northerly along the fence line which parallels ood ia on the Pearl Harbor side of ICameha1neha Highway, past and. through Makalapa. and Hala.,~a Gates, to ita end on the eastern shore of' Aiea :Bay, a distance of approximately 1.9 miles;

'y 6. thence westerly along the shores of Pearl Harbor, around and excluding

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., most of ~~cGrew Point, to a point on the ,;estern side of I-lcGrew Paint,· thence inlnnd along the western and southern ede,'Os of the naval houoing area to include within the boundariea S\~amps and f'iahponds, reaching the shore again at the eastern edge at the mouth of' ICalaua.o Stream, a distance or approximately 1.2 miles;

.\ 7. tJence across the mouth of Kalauac Stream and weoterly along the shores or Pearl Harbor around and excluding most of Pearl City Peninsula,

(including within the boundaries the inland shores of' any fiohponda along -the .ahor1l.ILP.:t:~-Pearl Harbor when ouch shores are tho boundaries) , to a point on the western aide or Pearl City Peninsula, then inland · along the northern and western edges or the developed area and continuing

northwesterly alan« the northeastern edge of the seconda.1.7 road to tho bridge across Waia.wa.Streom, then along the east bank of Waia.wa. Stream northward. to the Navy' fence line, then west~1ard along the fence line to and across the mouth o£ nn unnamed streom which ente:cs a.t the northeaot corner of Middle Loch of' Pearl Rar'bor, a distance of approximately 6 miles;

'--..1 8. thence westerly and then southerly alan~ tho shores of l'eaxl Harbor · to a. point on the eastern side of \•/aipio Peninoula., ·than inland and

westward across Wa.ipio Peninsula along the Navy fence line to tho eaotern aida of the mouth of Kapakahi Stream, a distance of approximately 2.3 miles;

\ 9. thence westerly and then north~1este:dy across the motr~ha of ICapokshi and 'VIaikele Strcamo, then southerly along the ohoreo of Went Looh of Pearl Harbor, arou.;.d Honouliuli Peninsula to the point on tho ahoro where the Navy fence line meats tho shore, which point-of-mooting is approximately 1,000 feat weot of tho "aalt ovaporatora," a d.iotMoo of approximately 2.4 miles;

10. thence southerly and inland alons tho fence line for a diotllnao o£ approximately 1,600 feat to a. corner; then easterly continuing olor15 tho ronco line, acrooo J,rizona. Road to a curvo in tho ronco lino, a distance of approxim:l.tely !),!)00 feet; then continuing Alan« tho fanoe

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. line southeasterly and paralleling "A" Avenue and railroad sidings !or a distance of approximately 1.6 miles; then continuing easterly along the south side of Main Street, a street sometimes called Bravo Road, to

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ita intersection with "li" Avenue, a distance of approximately 2 ,SOO v :f'eet;

11. thence southeasterly along the south,~aatarly side o! •i:au Avenue y to its intaraeotion with Eighteenth Street, a dia·tonce of approximately

3,000 feat; than easterly alone tho southside of Eiehteenth Street to the ahara on the wast aide of Pearl Harbor entrance, a distance of approximately 4,300 feet;

12. thence southerly alon8' the shore, past RMUUor Point and continuing ·"y alone the shore southwestwardly, past lCaahi Point, ond then westerly to

point on the shore directly north of the offshore point whoso goograp~ical coordinates and gi.van in 13 below, a distance or approx.imate1y 1.5 miles;

13. thence directly south, or duo south, to a point of!a..'lora which has the goegraphical coord.L"latoa of 21°17'30" north latitude and 157()59'00" west lonzitude, a distance of approximately 1.9 miles;

14. thence directly east to tho point or beginning, a distance o! approx.ima.te1y 2.65 statute miles,

Precise boundaries, as dcsoribod above, nxe recorded on.copiea o:f' u. s. Geological Survey maps: l?uuloa and \1aipal1U Q.uadranetles, Ifalraii, 7.5 minute series (Topogra.phio), 1968, on file '~ith the Historical and .AJ:chitectural Services Division, O:f'!ice o! .AJ:cheology and Historic Preservation, National Park Service •

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!If./ SIGNIFICANCE '· . . ·.

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PEAIOO (Cheek One or More fill Approptlllfo)

Q Pre~Columblanl 0 16th Century

0 \5th Century 0 17th Century

aP£CI.FIC DAYE.fs) (ll Appllcttbfe and Known)

AAitA8 OP' SIGNIFICANCE

• A.bor l;lr-ol ,

·o··-preklstorlc

Q9 Historic

0 Agriculture

0 Architecture

0 Mt

(Check One or More •• i..pptoptlate)

.. 0 Education .. , . . ~- ; DCJ· -e·ngi·neetln;

lla lndu•try

0 Invention

0 Lond:r.cope

Architecture

0 0 ..

0 0 0

0 !8th Century

CJ l9th Contury

Polillc:ol

Religion/Phi. -

losophy

Science

-Sculpture

Socioi/Humon•

O Commeree 0 l..ltoroture itoriott

0 Communications IX} Military O Ttutoler

tz;l Conservation 0 Music O Yronsportotlon

STATEMENT OP aiGNII"tCANCS Item 8 Page l of 3

(1974) :

DCI '20th C•"'"''

0 Urban Planning

0 Other (Spttt:lltl)

Pco.rl Ro.rbor is a laree landlocked port which contributed to the ri.oa

of the United States as a. major world po~ter in the Pa.oific. Pearl·

Ira.rbor' s mission is oupport of tho flea·~, and for most of this cen~ury

it hno ehcltorod, axmcd and repaired na.va.l chips, subma.rinoo ~nd air

craft. Its miooion will continuo no len~ a.e tho fleet exists, nocno a

protected harbor end llo.11o.ii remn.ino o. otrnte~ic location, Construction

for the ba.oe began in 1902 ~then a channel lias dred~ed. to atlmi t doep

draft vooccle to the inlond anchorae;c. The United Sto:ton Navy hao

re{IUla.rly modernized tho port to mointo.in ita reaponoibili ties for

nn:t.ional dofonoo, Ao naval tochnolomr chnn~ee, eo cho.n(>oB Ponrl Unrbor•s

wntor nnd lnnrl uooo, ito buildinr.;o, o·l;ructuroo nnrl fn.oilitioe for oar

vicco to tho float, noonuoo oi' 'Lho offoctivonooo of l'oa.rl I!n.rbo't''a

minnion, tho no.val bl.lno 11nn nttnckod by oircrn.rt of ·tho J11po.nooo navy on

J)ocnml>or '[, 19ltl, nn notion which cnunor1 tho lJni'tcd Sto:too to onl;nr

Worlcl Wn:~ II. '1'ho u:m Arl.7.onn., nunlt thn;b doy wi ~h morn l•hnn n thoummrl

AmodctJno ontombod, io n. nn~ionn.l momorinl and ·tho only part of the

native no.vnl bnoo opon to the public.

(W/2): "llocnuoo of ito otrntcr:.to locn.tion, l'oo.rl Jin.rbor hao boon a key to tho

dovol opmnnt rmtl mninl•mw.noo of /lmnr.i.onn nnvnl. JlOWor in tho l'noifio. '1'ho

.!!,2l_<!!!l!·J:!.>.r_-nlrt ofl':l.o.ln.l.ly opono<l l>lltt l>llllll .in :t9ll. J1t 1916 l'nnrl lln.rl•or

bootuflt) laon,lqun.rl,nro of n. 'ft!nvn.l )).i.ul.:r.·.loh mul ln.lotrr. tho cnmJOfiUtl onntn~ .fo.l"'

tho J'noifio l•'J.not. lro.1'0 .Tnpnn nL.r:'llok w.i.loh n onrr..i.or-l>orno ~t.ir. forun on

Dooomhor '/, 191tl, ord•ohlnl{ lflOI'It ol: l;ho Amnri.cn.n f:trHtl; tl't touolom•. 'l'hin

. ntl;n.nk llrooip.I.-Lnl;l'cl tho Un"i.l.orl :;l;rd.nn lnl.o ~/OH'lcl ~ltn~ rr.. 'l'hot 11:::: At•iwowt,

nmak lihn.h ,l,.y wi.l.h mor.o l;hnn llOO lll'tn nnl.omiHul wll.lli u • ltt nnw ;~ ·~~~~7u;,·,.;i·,;.i.-

l;o o.ll 'Lht.Htn who 1~1tvo l.holr l:l.vnn n.l, :Pone.l. lJHrob,.,.. 'l'i&'l nhr.iuf, c,n ~lm

nh.lp'n uu_poJ.tnt):uol.urn. which n'J.onn ·r~wlninn tt.hovo WtlLttr, J.n rurwhnrl hy

moloo:r~ ].,,,,lnoh.u ('l'lw Nnl...i.onal ll0.t~i.nl;t2_e o.f' H.i.1d;!n'.i.o .PJllcnn, 1')"(?., U~;GI'O•

Wa11ld.n,u;Lon, p, 12o:} ( 1~1f.~) r ~:.~.G:I.'.U~.':,t.']~l 'l'lltl' nplutul i.tl, ]urH'IIonhntl Hnnhoe~tt~o nli l,nn.J'l Hn.J'luu• wnn ·

()JUJ ol' LJ1n p.t.•i.no:lpn.l :J't'lliiOnl1 for twr.l..Y \Jn'l.l;l,d ULttL''" .i.ulJo·r:onL. i.n lfA'''nii.,

tuul nnrlouhl•odl,y Lho nl;t"td;ngio lu>po:r.tnlloo of thin bn,'{ wo.o a fnoi;or lond- ·

Jn1~ t.o nnnllxrd; l on, 'l'lltl Jlonnonll:i on of bho hn.t•l•or. lllld tho clovolo)>mr•n·~ oi'

A ll/Wil'J. llluoo Ill ill hntlll'llllll.'~<ll~ll LIW:O:•l td'~o:r. lil90 W01"0 impo1•I;IU'IG fno tol.'ll

(ootl~inuod)

. '·"·--- ---- --------,-,__-----:---:-:------J . --~ ...

•. Item 8 Pau~ 2 or 3

in the rise of United States nava.l po1·1er in the Pacific. The disputing or this power by Japan, in turn, eventually contributed to the precipitation. of wa.r between tho United Statoo and Japnn, tho ei£?1ifioo.nt opening shoto or which occurred. at l>earll!arbo:t' on llOcellloer 7, 19hl.

The site, then, appears intimately associated with the rise or the United States as a world power.

"As early as 1864 American Minister Jomos I1oDride ouG'geA·ted that tho cession to the Uni tod States of land at Honolulu for nnvnl tlepot purpose a should be made a. condition or e;ra.nting Hawaii a reciprocity treaty, a recommendation considered by historians as 'one of the early antecedents of the Pearl IIarbor Q.ueation.' The rea.l beginning of Americnn governmental interest came in 1873 when I1aj. Gen. John 11. Schofield and Bvt. Brig. Gon, B. s. Alexander were sent to Ila\o~aii to

examine defensive and commercial capabilitios of various porto. Their report emphasized the vnlue of Pearl Harbor. At tha·~ time Ha~1aii waa· anxious to negotiate a reciprocity treaty with the United States, end

it was suggested that Pearl Harbor be leased to the United States as an

inducement to sign the treaty, The Hawaiian government actually made

such an offer i•• 1673 but later wi'thdre~l it, and such a measure was not

included in the treaty which went into effect in 1676.

11\o/hen that treaty was rene~10d in 1667, however, it did give the United

States the exclusive right to maintain a coaling and repair station at

Pearl Harbor. But the United States did not exercise this right until

after annexation in 1696, althouen s~-veys were made earlier during the

1890's, The need for an island ba.se during the Spanish American War had

been one of the arguments used by ar;nexationists,

"Funds for improving the harbor entrance \~ere voted by Cone;ress in 1900,

and that same year nego·tiations 1o~ere s·tarted. for the acquisit5.on or

adjoining land for a nava.l station, The b<~.r at the entrance was dre1lged

to a depth or 35 feet in 1902 o.ner interesting ceremonies to placate Hawaiian gods for the destruction of a fishpond and fish god shrine •

. Not until 1906, however, did Congress authorize and vote funds for the development of a major base. A huee dr,ydock was started i11 1909 bu·t it

collapsed and was not colnl>lctcd until 1919. The I!awa.iiano attribu·l;ed the failure to the construction of the dT'Jtlook over the tradiUonrU.

.horne of the shark quoen'o son. Shops, docks, and other structureo wore

started with the 1908 appropriation, ar.d in 19ll the u.s.s. ~ur,n·nin entered tiie ha.rbor1 officially opcnine; the bo.oo and baing the :first large ship to enter tho bay. lm administration building was 'complote1l

in 1915, and the next year Pearl Harbor became the headquarters or n Nava.l District; and it wac well on its Wa<f to becoming the command cen

ter for naval operations in tho Pacific.

' .. •.

•'

...

'.• ·.

Item 8 ~age 3 of 3

"In order to knock out of action the' Pacific Fleet based there, the Japanese staged a surprise air attack on Pearl He.rbor on tho mo1:ning of :December 7, 1941, sinking or damae;ing 18 allips ou·t of tho 97 in Pearl Harbor. This action precipitated United States participation in vlorld War II. The u.s.s. Arizona, with more than 1,100 men entombed within, still rests '~hare she settled during tll.e attack and, spanned by an enclosed memorial bridge, has been dedicated as a shrine to those killed on December 7, 1941.

"Condition of the Site: Pearl Harbor is still an active naval base, and general public visitation, except to the U.S.S. Arizona. ~Iemorial as part of boat cruises of the harbor, ia not pe1.mitted. However, public visits to the u.s.s. Arizona Hemorial as part of privately sponsored boat tours or of Government-sponsored boa:t tours would permit the viewing of a plaque recognizing the significance of the entire base." (Russey, National Survey, July 19, 1962.)

•

. ''· ':·.

-

. '

>' •

• •. I!: 1-\AJOR 611.lLIOGRAPHICALREFERENCES'-:-----,~··,..·.·.c..·_;,--;.·.·.:.·

"-· ..,.._,=,· PEJI5:J 1 of 2 .

Army TiiiiOB,e-di tor'ii';"'PoarlHo.rbor nnd Rm<aii, A Mili to.r.{hiotorz, Now Yo.rk,

1971, pp. 170-172.

Da.wa, G., Shonl of Time, A llintorz of the Fla11aiien Ia1onda, New Yorlc, 1969.

pp. 192-196, 201-203, 2$2-2$3, 317.

Dillingham, W.F., "Pearl Harbor" in U.S. Naval .Inotitute Procoedinp;s,

l'Iey", 1930. Fourteenth Naval District, Your Visit to.Pear1 Harbor, Honolulu, n.d.

Goodrich, J.K., Tho Coming HaMaii.

liil.~rliii, KGUido to All tho Ioln:;do, ~f/'1.0nlo Park,u1961 •

{continued) flo; GeoGii"Ai>Hiciii.-D"A"rA · · • ....,. .... _,__ · ---. · --.. --... ---·--··------· .. ·-·-

·tu.l ~ ............. ~ ~· T 7~·~·;,:··;:;;·~-u;~·;~-:;·£ co~·~·~;~·::;~·~ .............. ~,~-- ___:::_~·;A~-r:,~;:u .. ~i:_::-;..;N {'J:·L-ONRi_'lin'~'·:·_co:o·.,_i'iiH':.."~·;. ,!1 ... __ •

DEFINING A AECTANCI..E LOCATING THE PROPEHl'V 0 DEFINING THE CENTEft POINT Of'l' A rnOf"EnTV

f-----.-----------.-----------1 R OF LEss THAN TF.N ACnEs ----

CORNER

HW NE

LATITUDE L.ONGITUO£

Oegreu Minute& Second• D~,t.oes Minutes S'\eonda

21• 23 • 33 • 1;>0 o 01 • 42 •

21° 23 • 33 • 157 ° 56 • 06 •

SE ·. 2l• 17 ' 30 • 157 ° 56 • 06 •

Oegtees 0

LATITUOE t..ONGI TUOI%

Minutes Degtees Mlnut•• Sec and•

• • •

,w ?1 o , .:, • "n · I 1~fl o 01 • h2 •

APPRO•U• ... T~ AC~GE OF NOMI~~~~.':.".r:2'~~_l~4;.4,599 i ,_\-tater; ~·;soaL~o6~i'ltiJ£.lo"t:-~--

\l..IS't ALL. 5TAT&:S ANO COUNT.IE.S. f'OA P~OPEATI&:5 OVERLAPPING 5TATII OA COUNTY POUND/\ RIEl ~ -·-·--

STA"r~·, . . . •· . •· •· • c0""i~~ ·cou~TV -----'-'· ' .•

.-... oo_· .. 3-

.. Hawaii _ -»--:- _______ _Y,_?:,0~~-·--~----1 COOl! COUNTY1

STATEI

1-----.,-..---''------i''"-' __:---+--...-1----·~--'--·------"--

---f COOF. COUNi'V1

S'I'ATEI

~----~----~--~~-----+--~-----------------------4--cooe: COUNTY!

C:Of)l~

STAT£1

...,.!....~--....:.-~--._._,...,...,....-,..,..,-..,--,---,L--.,-- . :--·~ .. ·~· .... - ... ,._ ... _ ....... --;-.-.'""::"'~--:·· ... _,_.--- ---

t\)~·-:~·FORM PRE=.P~A~R!..!E:.!O.wil!.YL . .;...;;.··~;..: 'c.;;.:<.;.·.;,__. ___ .... _ . .,._. ___ ............ _

...

............. -........ _,.. ____ ..... -NAME: ANO TITL£1

.

Russell A. AJ,\ple,_!a.oif~? ... ~!l-~~-r~~~ .. : .... _ ........ _ -·--·· .. ~-·--~- : ......... _.

ORO ANI ZATION • ' ' UA Ill

Hationa1 Park Sorvio·o, State Direo.tor' o Oi'i'ioe, Jl(l~ll11i · :x;•ob. ~·- !971~. ----·-·-···· ... ··-· ·--;·':"''"'"' ................... - -........ ··--·-~··· .......... _ - ..

STREET AND NUt.4DEAI

677 A1~ap~~-~1-v~.!..,_y~~!l .. ~~-· . CITY on TOWN!

•.·· 1\M Uu• th•nl.,nnh'il ~tutu J,inltmn Oftlt•t•t l'ur lh•• Nn·

lltmul IHttl;,,,,, l'r••ttt•rvutlnn At'l nt l''''" ll'llltll•• lonW

U'• hit!\): 1 h1•r••hy nu11111;ul•• thltt I""I"'''V I••• I••' lunlun

In thu Nttllnthl1 1-lt•tthtlt•t nn•l t't•tlify lhnl It ltuu tu•t•n

ll'Ytlhlt\ll-•tl,nt't'fUtiiiiV, h\ lht• t•rilt•fin hlltltUt\l't'tiHII'II 111'1

forth by tl11• NKitnnnl Pt~rl!. :t••tvh'n, 'l'lu• ,.,,,·nmntr•n•h•d

iovnt of "iv,nl(lt'UOI:f' of·thln 1\HIUIIIAIIm\ Itt I

Nollonol I] Hlool• Ll 1•"''"1 I 'I

,. I ,. :

--------·--··---~--- 4•~·-----Nnmn . ' .

.. .. .. . . '1'111• ----. ___ .. __________ .... -----

"TAl'f:

I h••r••loy •·••rUfy Hutt th~n l\uta~·rly ht tn•Hmfr•l tt• tllf'

Nntl!•lml I~•~KI"It>t,

Hntn --· .. -·-·-·-·-- .... J ,_.: _ _. ........ - .... ~- ..

llllhl --·-· .. 4-"4'"'•-. .. .... -·. ~ nr •• t1 ,.,. ,,.,.

"' m m

"' -1 ;:o

c n -1

0

'Z.

"'

•.

... _ .. '• . •. .

'I!'

Item 9 Paga 2 o£ 2

Kuykendall, The Hawaiian Kinl';d.om, 18,4-1674, Honolulu, 1953, pp, 200, 248-257;- Tho TI;;.w>Jiion Kinr;dom,l874-169J, IIonolulu, 1967_, pp, 386-368, 391-4oo, 5oo-!m.

Leo, W. Sto=s, Tho Inl~.ndn, New York, 1966, pp. 336-360. ~~=-=·Lo.x_d_,-Pll:i.l !rr,~Dny_oLin famy:,_:London , __ J,;!.;J•-1-•---~-------,--::-:--:--_------:-----o-: _ ___________ _ _ __

Hillio, Walter, '.Vhio is Pon.rll 'l'ho Unitod St~.tos n.nd Japn.n, 19111; 191~7· I><orioon, Samuel Eliot, The Risinr, Sun in thn I'aoifio, Biotor>J o£ U.S.

Uaval Operations in \1orld \{ar II, vol. III, Boston, 1948. Nav;y, Report of Secretary of, \'Tashington, 1922. Snowbarc;er, W.,Development o£ Pearl Rarbo:t", PhD. llisa., U. o£ Cali£,,

1950.

Form No. 10-300 ,o-1 4) ~\\0'-~·

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF IDSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY-- NOMINATION FORM

SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES-- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS

DNAME HISTOAIG

Pearl Harbor

LOCATION STREET & NUMBER

South coast of Oahu Island; eight miles west of HonolulHoTFORPUBLICATION

CITY."TOWN

STATE Hawaii

llcLASSIFICA TION

CATEGORY OWNERSHIP

.X..DISTRICT LPUBLIC

_BUILDING(S) _PRIVATE

_STRUCTURE _BOTH

__ SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION _OBJECT _IN PROCESS

-BEING CONSIDERED

DOWNER OF PROPERTY N_I\ME u. S. Navy, Department of Defense

VICINITY OF

CODE 15

STATUS

X.ocCUPIED

-UNOCCUPIED

_WQRK IN PROGRESS·

ACCESSIBLE XYES· RESTRICTED

YES: UNRESTRICTED

-NO

STREET & NUMBER -----------

CITY. TOWN Washington _ VICINITY OF

IJLOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT

COUNTY Honolulu

CODE 003

PRESENT USE

_AGRICULTURE LMUSEUM

_COMMERCIAL _PARK

_EDUCATIONAL _PRIVATE RESIDENCE

_ENTERTAINMENT _RELIGIOUS

_GOVERNMENT _SCIENTIFIC

LINDUSTRIAL _TRANSPORTATION

LMILITARY Xc81~S~:rvation

STATE

D. C.

COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC.

Real Estate Division, Pacific Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command

STREET & NUMBER

FPO 96610 CITY. TOWN

San Francisco

liJREPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS

STATE

California

TITLE National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings, John A. Hussey. Regional Historian

DATE

July 19, 1962 X.JEDERAL _STATE _COUNTY _LOCAL

DEPOSITORY FOR Heri ta¥e Conservation and Recreation Service, USD I, Wash j ngton, D _ C _ suRVEYRECORDS ALSO: heme XXI, Political & ilhlitary Affairs 1865-1910, Spec Stndy

CITY. TOWN Hawaii History, USDI, 1962, 47th Mtg. Advisory Board,srATE Oct 15-17, 1962,

_______ at Hawaii Volcanoes NP. Secretarial designation as Landmark- 1/29/64

B DESCRIPTION

!EXCELLENT

_ GOOD

_fAIR

CONDITION

_DETERIORATED

_RUINS

_UNEXPOSED

CHECK ONE

_UNALTERED

_XALTERED

CHECK ONE

-ORIGINAL SITE

_MOVED DATE ___ _

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

"Pearl Harbor is a double estuary formed by the 'drowning' of the valley of the Pearl River, so. named because pearl. oysters once abounded there. The anci<ont Hawaiians believed it was the home of i:he shark- goddess, Kaahupahua. This fine harbor was known to early traders, but almost no made of it because a

across the entrance blocked access b dr wa ue was rec

expedition examined it; and in 1845 Lieut. I.·W. Curtis, 'an American officer,' pointed out the importance of the harbor for defense of the islands." (Hussey 1962)

(1972) "The initial attempt to cut a deeper channel through the coral reef outside the harbor was made in 1900. The first vessel to enter the harbor was the gunboat USS PETREL, while the first large ship was the armored cruiser, USS CALIFORNIA.

"The Secretary of the Navy was authorized and directed to establish a naval station at Pearl Harbor by the Appropriation Act of 13 ~lay 1908. That same year, the Navy Department engineers surveyed the barron acres to kimve stubble, burnt cane and coral ~Vhich were later to become the Navy Yard, Pearl Harbor. The government also let a contract for the dredging of a channel to the harbor in 1908.

"Work on Drydock #1 began in 1911. In February 1913, tlVo years of labor became a mass of wreckage in one fateful minute when the bottom of a crib section failed. Hawaiians claimed that the disaster was the fault of the Mainland engineers, who refused to make the proper sacrifices to the 'shark god,' who made his home in Pearl Harbor. During the rebuilding of the drydock, a Hawaiian construction man is said to have slipped into the Yard in the dead of night to hold the proper ceremony for appeasing the 'shark god.' Due to the religious rites, advanced engineering techniques, or a combination of both, the drydock was completed without incident in 1919. It is still in use today.

"The Navy Yard, Pearl Harbor, grew by leaps and bounds during the next decade. The government began strengthening the base in 1935, and until 1945 there was a continual influx of Mainland workers, which exceeded the 24,000 mark in June 1943 .... In 1945, the Navy Yard officially became the Naval Shipyard ... an important and formidable center of defense, and a ship. repair and fleet maintenance base second to none. It is the largest industrial activity, military or civilian, in the state of Hawaii." (Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard Information Booklet, 1972, pp. 3-4.)

In common usage in Ha!Vaii, the place names Pearl llarbor and naval base are interchangeable. Both are legally inexact but generic and popular terms for the inland port and adjacent lands that contain several •eparate and distinctly

Form No. 1 0-300a (Rev. 10-74)


NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY-- NOMINATION FORM

Peal Harbor

FOR.N-PS'USE'ONI.¥ • ·. ,.,.,,,,.· .. ·. ·. ·=:·.·=;.:.=:-=::_:,.;.:,:.=.;· :"

RECEIVED •.

DATE ENTERED .

- -- GONTINUA-TION-SHEET · ITEM-NUMBER-- 7 · --- -P-AGE- 2 --- -

different naval activities, each with its own commanding officer, staff,

naval shipyard, tenants at Pearl Harbor with real estate include a branch of a naval ammunition depot; a Marine barracks; several fleet training centers; a naval station; a supply center; an inactive ship maintenance facility; a deperming facility; a public works center; a submarine base; a naval district headquarters; and on Ford Island, a runway assigned to a nearby naval air station. Official titles for these commands/services are not listed here, for titles modernize as well as do the facilities they use. For instance, the "Navy Yard" is now the "Naval Shipyard."

Man-caused physical change has been since 1902 a continuing process and a necessary attribute of Pearl Harbor as an active naval base. The process of change in plysical facilities at Pearl Harbor is part and parcel of the process of change in naval technology. National Historic Landmark designation in 1964 recognized an active naval base because of its success in its mission to support the fleet and its related historic role in the expansion of the United States as a Pacific power. The 1941 enemy attack on Pearl Harbor is one result of the effectiveness of its mission and role.

Recently a partial historical survey was commissioned by the Department of the Navy and incorporated into the Naval Bases', "Historic Preservation Plan, U. S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, National Historic Landmark," dated February 1978, prepared by the Pacific Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Facilities Planning Department. This document is incomplete in several ways: (1) It does not describe significant historic features in detail; (2) It does explain the significance of particular buildings or sites; (3) It does not relate historic features to their role in the attack of December 7, 1941; (4) It concentrates on buildings and disregards sites, structures, and other areas. Nevertheless it does contain a lengthy list of buildings categorizing them by five levels of significance. That document is included here by reference.

The significance categories and summary distribution of the 1172 buildings evaluated are contained on pages ES-2 and 3 of the Preservation Plan, copies of which are contained herein. As can be seen nearly 300 buildings have been identified as of important to major significance. Furthermore, these buildings are fairly widely dispersed throughout the Naval Base. Evenso, there are features which without question rate the highest level of significance-D~ydock #1, Arizona and Utah Memorials, and moorings F6, 7, and 8, and perhaps other features that an adequate survey will identify.

Form No. 1 0-300a (Re~- 10-741



U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER

FOR NPS USE ONLY I

RECEIV~O

DATE ENTERED

7 PAGE 1

Justification. On the basis that a fundamental quality which defines the

function (as an active naval base with mission to support the U.S. fleet) that was performed to date and continues in the 20th century; as well as the attack on December 7, 1941; then the boundaries of the landmark include those water and land areas historically, intimately and directly associated with that function and action. These boundary criteria exclude much of the land areas added pursuant to this function during World War II. Portions of land areas added during World War II are now being diverted piecemeal to civilian or non-governmental uses, but all or parts of these land areas may lie within the setting of the landmark. All of the water areas of Pearl Harbor are included within the boundaries along with certain adjacent lands.

The Landmark's Setting includes the surrounding land and fresh water courses, and the reefs, ocean floors and sea waters adjacent and offshore, where undertakings could change the quality or quantity of waters within the landmark boundaries, or effect that quality of the land which caused it to be included within the landmark boundaries.

Additionally, the survey categories of important buildings discussed in item 7, description, indicate a broad dispersion of historic features throughout the base justifying the base boundary as essentially the boundary for the landmark, with certain adjustments in the water areas included as part of the setting.

VERBAL DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARIES

1. Beginning at a point offshore of the Fort Kamehameha Mi 1 i tary Reservation, which point has the geographical coordinates of 21°17'30" north latitude and 157056'30" west longitude, and proceeding due north approximately 1.9 miles to the shore near Kumumau Point;

2. thence westerly along the shore toward Pearl Harbor entrance to the Breakwater, and continuing northerly along the easterly shore of the entrance, past Bishop Point, to a point on the shore opposite the gate on the road ''hich separates the Naval Shipyard from Hickam Air Force Base, a distance of approximately 3.4 miles;

3. thence along the fence line south of and parallel to South Avenue to the far or northeast side of the ~1ain Gate (Nimitz Highway gate), a distance of approximately 1.4 miles;

4. thence follmving and along Sixth Street, etc. the place of its meeting

continuing along the fence line by its changing directions (to the south and then east of Bloch Arena grounds} to

with Kamehameha Highway, a place-of-meeting approximately

Form No. 1 0~300a (Rev._10~74)



U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 2

125 feet south of the center of Makalapa Gate, a distance along the fence line

5. thence northerly along the fence line which parallels and is on the Pearl Harbor side of Kamehameha Highway, past and through Makalapa and Halawa Gates, to its end on the eastern shore of Aiea Bay, a distance of approximately 1.9 miles;

6. thence westerly along the shores of Pearl Harbor, around and excluding most of McGrew Point, to a point on the western side of McGrew Point, thence inland along the western and southern edges of the naval housing area to include within the boundaries swamps and fishponds, reaching the shore again at the eastern edge at the mouth of Kalauao Stream, a distance of approximately 1.2 miles;

7. thence across the mouth of Kau~uao Stream and westerly along the shores of Pearl Harbor around and excluding most of Pearl City Peninsula, (including within the boundaries the inland shores of any fishponds along the shores of Pearl Harbor when such shores are the boundaries), to a point on the western side of Pearl City Peninsula, then inland along the northern and 1•estern edges of the developed area and continuing northwesterly along the northeastern edge of the secondary road to the bridge across Waiawa Stream, then along the east bank of Waiawa Stream northward to the Navy fence line, then westward along the fence line to and across the mouth of an unnamed stream which enters at the northeast corner of Middle Loch of Pearl Harbor, a distance of approximately 6 miles;

8. thence westerly and then southerly along tl1e shores of Pearl Harbor to a point on the eastern side of Waipio Peninsula, then inland and westward across Waipio Peninsula along the Navy fence line to the eastern side of the mouth of Kapakahi Stream, a distance of approximately 2.3 miles;

9. thence westerly and then northwesterly across the mouth of Kapakahi and Waikele Streams, then southerly along the shores of West Loch of Pearl Harbor, around Honouliuli Peninsula to the point on the shore where the Navy fence line meets the shore, which point-of-meeting is approximately 1,000 feet west of the "salt evaporators," a distance of approximately 2.4 miles;

10. thence southerly and inland along the fence line for a distance of approximately 1,600 feet to a corner; then easterly continuing along the fence line, across Arizona Road to a curve in the fence line, a distance of approximately 5,500 feet; then continuing along the fence line southeasterly and paralleling "A" Avenue and railroad sidings for a distance of approximately 1. 6 miles; then continuing easterly along the south side of Main Street, a street

GPO 892 455

Form No. 10·300a (Rev. 10·74)



U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 3

11. thence southeasterly along the southwesterly side of "H" Avenue to its intersection with Eighteenth Street, a distance of approximately 3,000 feet; then easterly along the southside of Eighteenth Street to the shore on the west side of Pearl Harbor entrance, a distance of approximately 4,300 feet;

12. thence southerly along the shore, past Hammer Point and continuing along the shore southwestwardly, past Keahi Point, and then westerly to point on the shore directly north of the offshore point whose geographical coordinates are given in 13 below, a distance of approximately 1.5 miles;

13. thence directly· south, or due south, to a point offshore which has the geographical coordinates of 21°17'30" north latitude. and 157°59'00" west longitude, a distance of approximately 1.9 miles;

14. thence directly east to the point of beginning, a distance of approximately 2.65 statute miles.

Precise boundaries, as described above, are recorded on copies of U.S. Geological Survey maps: Puuloa and Waipahu Quadrangles, Hawaii, 7.5 minute series (Topographic), 1968, on file with the Historic Sites Survey Division, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service.

GPO 892 455

··.·,t.l~· ·. ~- _(· .{~ ~

PERIOD

_PREHISTORIC

-1400·1499

":·.

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE·· CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW

----AACHEOLUGY·PREHISTORIC _COMMUNITY PLANNING _lANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE _RELIGION

-ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC _CONSERVATION _LAW _SCIENCE

---AGRICULTURE _ECONOMICS _LITERATURE _SCULPTURE . -1500-1599

_1600·1699

_1700·1799

_1800-1899

.X1900-

---ARCHITECTURE _EDUCATION )LMILITARV _SQCIAUHUMANITAAIAN

-ART

_COMMERCE

_COMMUNICATIONS

SPECIFIC DATES.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

(1974)

...XENGINEERING _MUSIC

_EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT _PHILOSOPHY

..X!NOUSTRY _POLITICS/GOVERNMENT

_INVENTION --- ---------- ---- -- - ------

BUILDER/ARCHITECT

_THEATER _TRANSPORTATION

JLOTHER !SPECIFY)

...... _ C_Qns l:lrva. t:i. 9.n ..

P!:!arl Harbor is a large landlocked port which contributed to the rise of the United States as a major world power in·the Pacific. Pearl Harbor's mission is support of

.the fleet, and,for most oLthis century it has sheltered, armed and repaired naval ships, submarines and aircraft. Its mission will continue as long as the fleet exists, needs a·protected harbor and Hawaii remains a strategic location. Con-

.struction for the base began in 1902 when a channel was dredged to admit deep-draft vessels to the inland anchorage. The United States Navy has regularly modernized the port to maintain its responsibilities for national defense. As naval technology changes, so changes Pearl Harbor's water and land uses, its buildings, structures and facilities ·for services to the fleet. Because of the effectiveness of Pearl Harbor's mission, the naval base was attacked by aircraft of the Japanese navy on December 7, 1941, an action which caused the United States to enter World War II. The USS AriZona, sunk that day with more than a thousand Americans entombed, is a national memorial and the only part of the active naval base open to the public.

(1972) "Because of its strategic location, Pearl Harbor has been a key to the development and maintenance of American naval power in the Pacific. The USS California officially opened the base in 1911. In 1916 Pearl Harbor became headquarters of a Naval District and later the command center for the Pacific Fleet. Here Japan· struck with a carrier-borne air force on December 7, 1941, catching most of the American fleet at anchor. This attack precipitated the United States into World War II. The USS Arizona, sunk that day with more than 1100 men entombed within, is now a memorial to all those who gave their lives at Pearl Harbor. The shrine

--- .on •. the .. ,sh;Lp.!.s .. supe:r:structure, which alone remains above water, is reached by motor laU,l]:<ch." Cih~,c~-~t-iQnal Register of Historic Places, 1972, US GPO, Washington, p.lZO.)

' . \ (1962) .~JC(;C·,,, . ., .. ~

·"~i'ignific~nce: The splendid, landlocked anchorage at Pearl Harbor was one of the prine!~'ii¥--t~iiSbns'''for early United States interest in Hawaii, and undoubtedly the strategic importan.ce of the this bay was a factor leading to annexation. The p;~1ssession of· the harbor and the development of a naval base and headquarters there

No.· t0-300a 10-74).

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT Or THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE


Pearl Harbor

······· GONTINUATIONSHEEL~

Pacific. The disputing of this power by Japan, in turn, eventually contributed the precipitation of war between the United States and Japan, the significant opening shots of which occurred at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The site, then, appears intimately associated with the rise of the United States as a world power.

"As early as 1864 American Minister James McBride suggested that the cession to the United States of land at Honolulu for naval depot pujposes should be made a condition of granting Hawaii a reciprocity treaty, a recommendation considered by historians as 'one of the early antecedents of the Pearl Harbor Question.' The real beginning of American governmental interest came in 1873 when Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield and Bvt. Brig. Gen. B.S. Alexander were sent to Hawaii to examine defensive and commercial capabilities of various ports. Their report emphasized the value of Pearl Harbor. At that time Hawaii was anxious to negotiate a reciprocity treaty with the United States, and it was suggested that Pearl Harbor be leased to the United States as an inducement to sign the treaty. The Hawaiian government actually made such an offer in 1873 but later withdrew it, and such a measure was not included in the treaty which went into effect in 1876.

"When that treaty was renewed in 1887, however, it did give the United States the exclusive right to maintain a coaling and repair station at Pearl Harbor. But the United States did not exercise this right until after annexation in 1898, although surveys were made earlier during the 1890's. The need for an island base during the Spanish American War had been one of the-arguments used by annexationists.

"Funds for improving the harbor entrance were voted by Congress in 1900, and that same year negotiations were started for the acquisition of adjoining land for a naval station. The bar at the entrance was dredged to a depth of 35 feet in 1902 after interesting ceremonies to placate Hawaiian gods for the destruction of a fishpond and fish god shrine. Not until 1908, however, did Congress authorize and vote funds for the development of a major base. A huge drydock was started in 1909 but it collapsed and was not completed until 1919. The Hawaiians attributed the failure to the construction of the drydock over the draditional home of the shark queen's son. Shops, docks, and other structures were started with the 1908 appropriation, and in 1911 the USS California entered the harbor, officially opening the base and being the first large ship to enter the bay. An administration building was completed in 1915, and the next year Pearl Harbor became the headquarters of a Naval District; and it was well on its way to becoming the command center for naval operations in the Pacific.

Form·No. 10·300a (Rev. 10-741.



Pearl Harbor

UA-TI 0 N-SHEET-- ---ITEM-NUMBER---8- ----PAGE- 3_

"In order to knock out of action the Pacific Fleet based there, the Japanese staged a surprise air attack on Pearl Harbor on the morning of December 7, 1941, sinking or damaging 18 ships out of the 97 in Pearl Harbor. This action precipitated United States participation in World War II. The USS Arizona, with more than 1,100 men entombed within, stilr rests where she settled during the attack and, spanned by an enclosed memorian bridge, has been dedicated as a shrine to those killed on December 7, 1941:·-

"Condition of the Site: Pearl Harbor is still an active naval base, and general public visitation, except to the USS Arizona Memorial as part of boat cruises of the harbor, is not permitted. Public visits to the USS Arizona Memorial as part of National Park Service-sponsored boat tours permit the viewing of a plaque recognizing the significance of the entire base." (Hussey, National Survey, July 19, 1962.)

Army Times, .editors, Pearl Harbor and Hawaii, A 1971,

Daws, ., Shoal of Time, A History of the Hawaiian Islands, New York, 1969, pp. 192-196, 201-203, 252-253, 317.

Dillingham, W.F., "Pearl Harbor" in U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, May, 1930. Fourteenth Naval District, Your Visit to Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, n.d. Goodrich, J.K., The Coming Hawaii. Hawaii, A Guide to All the Islands, Menlo Park, 1961. Kuykendall, The Hawaiian Kingdom, 1854-1874, Honolulu, 1953, pp.

248-257; The Hawaiian Kingdom, 1974-1893, Honolulu, 1967, 391-400, 500-507.

Lee, W. Storrs, The Islands, New York, 1966, pp. 336-360. Lord, Philip, Day of Infamy, London, 1957.

200, pp. 386-388,

Millis, Walter, This is Pearl! The United States and Japan, 1941, 1947. Morison, Samuel Eliot, The Rising Sun in the Pacific, History of U. S. Naval

Operations in World War II, vol. III, Boston, 1948. Navy, Report of Secretary of, Washington, 1922. Snowbarger, W., Development of Pearl Harbor, PhD. Diss., U. of Calif.,

1950.

GPO 892 455

.... , -.. •-' See Continuation-Sheet

lliJGEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACREAGEOFNOMINATEDPROPERTY 4,599; water: 8,508; Total: 13,107.

-,= -- -----cc_un,_REEER:EN_c:Es_ ----- -- -- See contfriiiat:ron. Slieet

See Continuation Sheet

LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

STATE CODE COUNTY CODE

STATE CODE COUNTY CODE

IDFORM PREPARED BY NAME I TITLE

Amended by Benjamin Levy, Historian, Historic Sites Survey Division, May 1978

Russell A. Apple, Pacific Historian ORGANIZATION National Park Service,State Director's Office STREET & NUMBER

677 Ala Moana Boulevard, Suite 512 CITY· OR TOWN Honolulu

DATE February 8, 1974 TELEPHONE

STATE

Hawaii

I!JSTATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS:

NATIONAL_ STATE __

hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has

criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Servi~e.

STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATURE

TITLE

Form No. 10-300a (Rev. 10- 74)

UNITED STATES DI:PARTMLNT 01 IHL: I Nll-.R lOR

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY-- NOMINATION FORM

Pearl Harbor

CONTINUATION SHEET

UTM References

A. 04 610380 2364500

B. 04 609780 2354820 c. 04 605600 2354790

D. 04 605440 2358940

E. 04 601120 2362110

F. 04 600960 2362960

G. 04 601310 2364670

H. 04 604820 2365990

I. 04 607660 2365840

FOR NPS USE ONLY

RECEIVED

!DATE ENTERED

'. STATUI UNITED $TATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR...

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