The Basics

System Actors States = countries Multinational corporations (MNCs) Nations Religious groups Terrorist networks Leaders, prominent individuals Int’l coalitions

G7 (definitely ‘rich club’) G20 (‘rich’ and emerging= 85% wealth) OECD (mostly ‘rich club’)

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Global Institutions

System Actors Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)

Global, regional IGOs Monetary: IMF Development: WB Trade: GATT WTO

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)• Global, regional, national, local Representation by GS Representation on behalf of GS

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Global DivideGlobal North Advanced Industrialized Countries ~ 32 countries

Global South ~162 countries = 83 % of world Very diverse

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Global North

5 Categories of the

Global South

Quasi-states• All non-GN countries= ~164 countries, 83% of

world• ~32 of quasi-states are emerging economies• 138 of 194 states are lesser-developed = 67%

Emerging Markets• BRICS, others• Majority >$10/day

Countries in Transition (CITs) 9= Emerging (Czech Rep., Slovakia, Slovenia,

Poland, Hungary, Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia)

Least Developed Countries• US (GDP per capita=ranks 10th) at ~$54,000 • Average GDP per capita of LDCs at $750

Burundi , Congo, Somalia at $200 GDP per capital http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29_per_capita

Map based on info from www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/.../ldc_list.pdf

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs)

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs)

• 39 countries 34 of those located in sub-Saharan Africa

• Debt relief- HIPCs qualify 36 accepted full or partial relief ~$72 B

• Reliance on single cash crops Cotton accounts for 46% of Mali’s exports

Global North Global SouthIndustrialized Few industrialized

Donors of foreign aid Rely on foreign aid

Well-developed physical infrastructure

Poorly developed physical infrastructure

Exporters of technology Rely on technology imports

Economic diversity: merchandise & service

Rely on primary resources

Extract resources Rely on GN to process raw goods

Well-developed civil institutions

Poorly-developed institutions

Transnational Issues• Political• Security• Economic• Socio-cultural• Environmental• Health• Energy• Human rights• Development

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Zero v. Positive Sum Outcomes

Zero-sum Outcome• Win/lose

Positive-sum Outcome• Win/win

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