+ SQL – Once More With Feeling. + Review and Questions Topics from last lecture Terminology...
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Transcript of + SQL – Once More With Feeling. + Review and Questions Topics from last lecture Terminology...
+
SQL – Once More With Feeling
+Review and Questions Topics from last lecture
Terminology
Questions?
+Auto Increment
Key Word for MS SQL – Identity
Can specify at time of table creation – The easiest CREATE TABLE PlayerDetails(
PlayerID INT Primary Key Identity,
PlayerFirstName Char(30) Not Null,
…
);
Or alter tables to include Identity
+Happy Valley Golf
+Altering Player ID to include
-- PlayerID
Alter Table PlayerHandicapdrop constraint PLAYERID_FK;
Alter Table Player_Roundsdrop constraint PLAYERID2_FK;
Alter Table PlayerDetailsdrop constraint PLAYERID_PK;
Alter Table PlayerDetailsDrop column PlayerId;
Alter Table PlayerDetailsAdd PlayerID int identity;
Alter Table PlayerDetailsAdd constraint pk_PlayerIDprimary key(PlayerId);
Alter Table PlayerHandicapAdd Constraint PLAYERID_FKForeign Key (PlayerId)References PlayerDetails(PlayerId);
Alter Table Player_RoundsAdd Constraint PLAYERID2_FKForeign Key (PlayerId)References PlayerDetails(PlayerId);
+Group By
The GROUP BY statement is used in conjunction with the aggregate functions to group the result-set by one or more columns.
How many rounds of Golf have been played?
How many rounds of Golf have been played at each golf course? (Just need the id for the course)
+Group By
How many rounds of Golf have been played? SELECT Count(RoundId) AS NumberofRounds
FROM GolfRounds;
How many rounds of Golf have been played at each golf course? (just need id for the course)
SELECT CourseID, Count(RoundId) AS NumberofRounds
FROM GolfRounds
GROUP BY CourseID;
+Having
Allows for the results to be displayed for only a selection of the results of the function (count, average, etc).
How many multiple rounds of Golf have been played at each golf course (display results for only courses that have more than 1 round)? (just need id for the course)
+Having
How many multiple rounds of Golf have been played at each golf course (display results for only courses that have more than 1 round)? (just need id for the course)
SELECT CourseID, Count(RoundId) AS NumberofRounds
FROM GolfRounds
GROUP BY CourseID;
HAVING COUNT(RoundId) > 1;
+One Step Farther
How many rounds of Golf have been played at each golf course and what golf course have they been played at (name of the course)?
SELECT CourseName, Count(RoundId) AS NumberofRounds
FROM GolfRounds AS GR , GolfCourses AS GC
WHERE GR.CourseID = GC.CourseID
GROUP BY GR.CourseID, CourseName;
+Join
Needed when the results displayed come from multiple tables. If the results to display come from one table you can use a
subquery
+Inner Joins
Returns the rows when there is at least one match in both tables. SELECT CourseName, Count(RoundId)
FROM GolfRounds AS GR , GolfCourses AS GC
WHERE GR.CourseID = GC.CourseID
GROUP BY GR.CourseID, CourseName;
+Join … On
Will give the same results as the join query on the previous slide
SELECT CourseName, Count(RoundId)
FROM GolfRounds AS GR JOIN GolfCourses AS GC
ON GR.CourseID = GC.CourseID
GROUP BY GR.CourseID, CourseName;
+Outer Join
Returns all rows from both the participating tables which satisfy the join condition along with rows which do not satisfy the join condition.
How many rounds of Golf have been played at each golf course and what golf course have they been played at (name of the course)? Display all golf courses even if there has been no rounds played.
SELECT CourseName, Count(RoundID)
FROM GolfRounds AS GR RIGHT JOIN GolfCourses AS GC
ON GR.CourseID = GC.CourseID
GROUP BY GR.CourseID, CourseName;
+Outer Join
Can use left Join as well. SELECT CourseName, Count(RoundID)
FROM GolfCourses AS GC LEFT JOIN GolfRounds AS GR
ON GR.CourseID = GC.CourseID
GROUP BY GR.CourseID, CourseName;
+Multiple Joins
You can use multiple tables together, not just two.
Show player’s names along with their average hole score and their handicap, for all players that have a handicap and have recorded round scores.
SELECT PlayerFirstName, PlayerLastName, Avg(HoleScore) AS AvgHoleScore, Avg(HandicapScore) AS AvgHandicapScore
FROM PlayerDetails AS PD, Player_Rounds AS PR, PlayerHandicap AS PH
WHERE PD.PlayerID = PR.PlayerIDAND PR.PlayerID = PH.PlayerIDGROUP BY PlayerLastName, PlayerFirstName
+Multiple Joins .. Using JOIN…. ON
Show all player’s names along with their average hole score and their handicap
SELECT PlayerFirstName, PlayerLastName, Avg(HoleScore) AS AvgHoleScore, Avg(HandicapScore) AS AvgHandicapScore
FROM (PlayerDetails AS PD JOIN Player_Rounds AS PR ON PD.PlayerID = PR.PlayerID) JOIN
PlayerHandicap AS PH ON PR.PlayerID = PH.PlayerID
GROUP BY PlayerLastName, PlayerFirstName
+Multiple Joins – Outer Join
Show all player’s names along with their average hole score and their handicap
SELECT PlayerFirstName, PlayerLastName, Avg(HoleScore) AS AvgHoleScore, Avg(HandicapScore) AS AvgHandicapScore
FROM (PlayerDetails AS PD LEFT JOIN Player_Rounds AS PR ON PD.PlayerID = PR.PlayerID)
LEFT JOIN PlayerHandicap AS PH ON PR.PlayerID = PH.PlayerID
GROUP BY PlayerLastName, PlayerFirstName
+Practice
1.) Display each golf courses name, the average yards and par for holes at each course.
2.) Display each golf courses name, the average yards and par for holes at each course, and the number of holes played at the course. (Include all courses)
3.) Display each golf courses name, the average yards and par for holes at each course, and the number of rounds played at the course. (Include all courses)
+Question 1
Display each golf courses name, the average yards and par for holes at each course.
SELECT CourseName, Avg(YardsForHole) AS AvgYardsForHole, Avg(ParForHole) AS ParForHole
FROM GolfCourses AS GC LEFT JOIN CourseHoleDetails AS CHD
ON GC.CourseID = CHD.CourseID
GROUP BY GC.CourseID, CourseName
+Question 2
Display each golf courses name, the average yards and par for holes at each course, and the number of holes played at the course. (Include all courses) SELECT CourseName, Count(RoundId) AS NumberofHolesPlayer,
Avg(YardsForHole) AS AvgYardsForHole, Avg(ParForHole) AS ParForHoleFROM (GolfCourses AS GC LEFT JOIN GolfRounds AS GR ON GR.CourseID = GC.CourseID) RIGHT JOIN CourseHoleDetails AS CHD ON GC.CourseID = CHD.CourseIDGROUP BY GR.CourseID, CourseName;
+Question 3
Display each golf courses name, the average yards and par for holes at each course, and the number of rounds played at the course. (Include all courses) SELECT CourseName, Count(DISTINCT RoundId) AS
NumberofHolesPlayer, Avg(YardsForHole) AS AvgYardsForHole, Avg(ParForHole) AS ParForHole
FROM (GolfCourses AS GC LEFT JOIN GolfRounds AS GR
ON GR.CourseID = GC.CourseID) RIGHT JOIN CourseHoleDetails AS CHD ON GC.CourseID = CHD.CourseIDGROUP BY GR.CourseID, CourseName;
+
SQL Extra’s
+Example – Inner Join
ID FName
1 Jim
2 Bob
3 Sally
4 Beth
ID LName
1 Smith
3 Jones
5 Adams
7 Zhu
TableA TableB
Select FName, LnameFrom TableA Join TableB on TableA.ID = TableB.ID
Inner Join ResultsFName LName
Jim Smith
Sally Jones
+Example – Outer Join - Left
ID FName
1 Jim
2 Bob
3 Sally
4 Beth
ID LName
1 Smith
3 Jones
5 Adams
7 Zhu
TableA TableB
Select FName, LnameFrom TableA Left Join TableB on TableA.ID = TableB.ID
Outer Join Left ResultsFName LName
Jim Smith
Bob Null
Sally Jones
Beth Null
+Example – Outer Join - Right
ID FName
1 Jim
2 Bob
3 Sally
4 Beth
ID LName
1 Smith
3 Jones
5 Adams
7 Zhu
TableA TableB
Select FName, LnameFrom TableA Right Join TableB on TableA.ID = TableB.ID
Outer Join ResultsFName LName
Jim Smith
Sally Jones
FName LName
Jim Smith
Sally Jones
Null Adams
Null Zhu
+Question
How do we get results from both table?
+Union
Combines the results of two or more queries into a single result set that includes all the rows that belong to all queries in the union
The UNION operation is different from using joins that combine columns from two tables.
The following are basic rules for combining the result sets of two queries by using UNION: The number and the order of the columns must be the same
in all queries. The data types must be compatible Column names for the final result set are taken from the first
query
+Union / Union All - keywords
UNION allow you to join multiple datasets into one dataset
and will remove any duplicates that exist. Basically it is performing a DISTINCT operation across all columns in the result set.
UNION ALL allows you to join multiple datasets into one dataset,
but it does not remove any duplicate rows. Because this does not remove duplicate rows this process is faster, but if you don't want duplicate records you will need to use the UNION operator instead.
+Example - Union
ID FName
1 Jim
2 Bob
3 Sally
4 Beth
ID LName
1 Smith
3 Jones
5 Adams
7 Zhu
TableA TableB
Select FName, LnameFrom TableA Left Join TableB on TableA.ID = TableB.IDUNIONSelect FName, LnameFrom TableA Right Join TableB on TableA.ID = TableB.ID
Union
Results
FName LName
Jim Smith
Sally Jones
FName LName
Jim Smith
Bob Null
Sally Jones
Beth Null
Null Adams
Null Zhu
+Example – Union All
ID FName
1 Jim
2 Bob
3 Sally
4 Beth
ID LName
1 Smith
3 Jones
5 Adams
7 Zhu
TableA TableB
Select FName, LnameFrom TableA Left Join TableB on TableA.ID = TableB.IDUNION ALLSelect FName, LnameFrom TableA Right Join TableB on TableA.ID = TableB.ID
Union
Results
FName LName
Jim Smith
Sally Jones
FName LName
Jim Smith
Bob Null
Sally Jones
Beth Null
Jim Smith
Sally Jones
Null Adams
Null Zhu