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“Sociology of Education and
Didactics- theory of Education”Thelma de Jager (Educational Studies)
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Overview
• Introduction• Socialisation theories
• Socialisation agencies
• Didactics• Constructivistic learning
• Techniques• Conclusion
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Introduction• Humankind: set standards derive from values of the family and society.
• Construct a sensible world with help of others
• Acquisition of cultural content is important for the acquisition of an individual identity and social competence.
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Introduction
• As part of their social development all pupils need:
Affection, respect, recognitionRole model identification• Avoid unpleasant feelings
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Socialisation
• Transmission of conduct rules,
attitudes and values from one
generation to another (Chetwynd &
Hartnett, 1978).
• Meyer(1990) : a process where the
individual becomes a member of a
social group.
Social development
• Social skills and human contact
( emotion and empathy)
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Socially oriented theories• Erickson’s psychosocial theory: every individual develops throughout his life
• Bandura’s social learning theory: continual change of the individual’s behaviour. because of interaction with environmental factors.
• Adler (1930): the personality is the entity that functions to attain certain self imposed
objectives.
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Socially oriented theories
• Fromm (Meyer et al 1988) focus on the relationship between the individual and society.
• Sullivan (1953:141) focus on interpersonal relationships.
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Socialisation agenciesDaycare, preprimary and formal school : most important socialisation agents (Kostelnik,2004) to establish social relationships and learning to live within the boundaries of societal expectations.1. The family: blueprint for other
relationships (personal and emotional relationship). No longer: daycare ,TV and peer are main role models.
Hum
anities. Departm
ent: Educational S
tudies
Faculty: Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
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Socialisation agencies2.School demands children's respect and form a trust relationship with teachers.3.The peer group: child learns to respect views of others, accept responsibility, to dominate, to protect, (Very, 1984)4.The mass media TV: information on human behaviour, real and imaginary world. Computers: social communication skills
Hum
anities. Departm
ent: Educational S
tudies
Faculty: Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies]
Other relationships• Objects: relationship with objects to conceptualise space, time and quantity in relation to the real world.
• The self: self-identity• Religious figure: example of parents
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies]
• Pro-social behaviour: to meet the stan- dards set by society. Cooperation, wil- ling to share.
• Anti-social behaviour: antagonism towards opposite sex, selfish, egocentric, etc.
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Didactics of Education
• Cognitive development (Vygotsky,1978)• Constructivist approach(Piaget, 1937): develop from own personal experiences
1. Social constructivism: interaction through environment
2. Cognitive: find new ideas and info from experiences
Hum
anities. Departm
ent: Educational S
tudies
Faculty: Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
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• Education should be neutral and not endorse a specific philosophy. Use a variety of philosophies in curriculum to accommo- date all cultural groups.
Hum
anities. Departm
ent: Educational S
tudies
Faculty: Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
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Be adaptable to the nature, traditions, customs, values and norms of groups attending classes.Prepare differentiated activities to include all pupils regardless of their barriers.
Hum
anities. Departm
ent: Educational S
tudies
Faculty: Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies]
Different learning stylesThinking patternsScaffold and use differen-tiated activities
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Realistic outcomes and realistic learning contexts
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Be enthusiastic about the subject content and create interpersonal skills
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Create positive class attitudes and communication skills
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Use and link topics of interest to real life situations
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
• Connect memory to visual images
• Use humour• Equip them for leadership
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Use techniques to enable them to view situations from multiple perspective and encourage critical thinking• Fish bowl• Quotations
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
• Collaborative group work• Jigsaw• Quiz• Narratives
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
Concept map: creativity combined with critical thinking skills
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
To concludeCultural grouping will be based on ethnicity, gender, religion, age and socio-economic status. Any group ( hearing disabilities) can develop unique knowledge of their world that may be considered as cultural knowledge
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
To conclude• Different cultures have different experiences of the real world- value and acknowledge cultural knowledge
• Teachers should acknowledge the social role of language
• Teach actively in a social context
• All intellectual cognitive skills development are dependent on the emotional and social development of a learner
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Humanities. Department: Educational Studies
To implement theory into practice:Teachers must:Have knowledge of their subjectsKnow how pupils learn (psychology)Know how to guide pupils(General pedagogical knowledge)Know how to teach in their own discipline(Pedagogical content knowledge)