{{Setting in Setting in ‘Jekyll and ‘Jekyll and

Hyde’Hyde’

CharacterisationCharacterisation SettingSetting A Key IncidentA Key Incident Narrative Technique (Legal Case, Letters)Narrative Technique (Legal Case, Letters) SymbolismSymbolism AtmosphereAtmosphere DialogueDialogue ImageryImagery etc.etc.

Higher/Int 2 Essay Higher/Int 2 Essay QuestionsQuestions

Settings have both a literal and a Settings have both a literal and a metaphorical meaning.metaphorical meaning.

Time: Late Victorian – 19Time: Late Victorian – 19thth Century Century Place: London, Soho, streets (poorly Place: London, Soho, streets (poorly

lit), buildings (Hyde’s house, Jekyll’s lit), buildings (Hyde’s house, Jekyll’s laboratory).laboratory).

Setting reflects the underlying Setting reflects the underlying themes of the novel (duality of man, themes of the novel (duality of man, mystery)mystery)

Pay particular attention to Pay particular attention to Stevenson’s use of pathetic fallacy. Stevenson’s use of pathetic fallacy. Setting – the backdrop of the Setting – the backdrop of the

novel.novel.

Stevenson viewed London with a degree of Stevenson viewed London with a degree of contempt.contempt.

Disliked the duality of its inhabitants Disliked the duality of its inhabitants (Edinburgh also an influence)(Edinburgh also an influence)

Two classes – Dr Jekyll / Mr Hyde. – Lawyers Two classes – Dr Jekyll / Mr Hyde. – Lawyers and Doctors Vs Maid/ Policeman – how are and Doctors Vs Maid/ Policeman – how are they portrayed?they portrayed?

Arguably, Stevenson is making a clear Arguably, Stevenson is making a clear comment on human nature here in that, comment on human nature here in that, regardless of class, we all have inherent regardless of class, we all have inherent good and evil held within.good and evil held within.

Jekyll’s addiction to his ‘potion’ surely Jekyll’s addiction to his ‘potion’ surely suggests that even those with reputation can suggests that even those with reputation can be corrupted. be corrupted.

LondonLondon

Mr Utterson taking the officer to Hyde’s house. (p52)Mr Utterson taking the officer to Hyde’s house. (p52) ‘‘A great chocolate-coloured pall lowered over A great chocolate-coloured pall lowered over

heaven, but the wind was continually charging heaven, but the wind was continually charging and routing these embattled vapours’and routing these embattled vapours’

Darkness enveloped LondonDarkness enveloped London Pall – a dark cloud but also the cloth placed over a Pall – a dark cloud but also the cloth placed over a

coffin.coffin. Sinister atmosphere suggesting a deal of ominousness.Sinister atmosphere suggesting a deal of ominousness. Mention of ‘Heaven’ suggests the divine yet through Mention of ‘Heaven’ suggests the divine yet through

Stevenson’s word choice there is a sense of struggle Stevenson’s word choice there is a sense of struggle and conflict permeating the text.and conflict permeating the text.

Warlike/ aggressive imageryWarlike/ aggressive imagery Use of Pathetic Fallacy – reflects mood.Use of Pathetic Fallacy – reflects mood.

Key Quotation – Key Quotation – The Carew Murder CaseThe Carew Murder Case

Attribution of human emotions to inanimate objects or Attribution of human emotions to inanimate objects or naturenature (weather). (weather).

Different to personification in that it is more allusive. Different to personification in that it is more allusive. Personification involves more general human qualities.Personification involves more general human qualities.

Pathetic fallacy is used throughout J and H. London is Pathetic fallacy is used throughout J and H. London is made to appear twofold, commingled out of good and made to appear twofold, commingled out of good and evil.evil.

‘‘black winter morning’ – the morning is foul in black winter morning’ – the morning is foul in temperament, reflecting the darker side of man and the temperament, reflecting the darker side of man and the novel’s main concern.novel’s main concern.

Page 53 - ‘reinvasion of darkness’ – furious internal Page 53 - ‘reinvasion of darkness’ – furious internal struggle within the novel’s very setting. Again, this struggle within the novel’s very setting. Again, this reflects central concerns. It also aids atmosphere and reflects central concerns. It also aids atmosphere and reflects the characters of the novel.reflects the characters of the novel.

Pathetic FallacyPathetic Fallacy

‘‘here it would be dark like the back end of here it would be dark like the back end of evening; and there would be the glow of a evening; and there would be the glow of a rich, lurid brown, like the light of some rich, lurid brown, like the light of some strange conflagration; and here, for a strange conflagration; and here, for a moment, the fog would be quite broken up, moment, the fog would be quite broken up, and a haggard shaft of daylight would and a haggard shaft of daylight would glance in between the swirling wreaths.’ glance in between the swirling wreaths.’ (page 52)(page 52)

Lurid – vividly shocking to give an Lurid – vividly shocking to give an unpleasantly harsh effect.unpleasantly harsh effect.

Conflagration – an extensive and most Conflagration – an extensive and most destructive firedestructive fire. .

Stevenson manipulates setting to Stevenson manipulates setting to his own ends – playing on the his own ends – playing on the

Gothic tradition.Gothic tradition.

mystery,

darkness,

oppressiveness,

fear, and

doom

Here, weather seems oppressive.Here, weather seems oppressive. Struggle between dark and light.Struggle between dark and light. Haggard - dark is winning - perhaps.Haggard - dark is winning - perhaps. Both quotations, through the choice of verbs, Both quotations, through the choice of verbs,

suggest rapid movement and struggle. suggest rapid movement and struggle. Reflective of what lies within.Reflective of what lies within.

Choice of ‘Wreaths’ extends the funeral Choice of ‘Wreaths’ extends the funeral imagery.imagery.

Use of fog throughout novel as a motif Use of fog throughout novel as a motif almost seems claustrophobic and aids sense almost seems claustrophobic and aids sense of sinister unease. Mysterious and of sinister unease. Mysterious and oppressive atmosphere developed – aids oppressive atmosphere developed – aids tension.tension.

‘‘The dismal quarter of Soho…’The dismal quarter of Soho…’ ‘‘mournful reinvasion of darkness’ – mournful reinvasion of darkness’ –

use of personification.use of personification. ‘‘Like a district of some city in a Like a district of some city in a

nightmare’ – link to Stevenson.nightmare’ – link to Stevenson.

SohoSoho

‘‘As the cab drew up before the address As the cab drew up before the address indicated, the fog lifted a little and indicated, the fog lifted a little and showed him a dingy street, a gin palace, a showed him a dingy street, a gin palace, a low French eating house, a shop for the low French eating house, a shop for the retail of penny numbers and two penny retail of penny numbers and two penny salads, many ragged children huddled in salads, many ragged children huddled in doorways, and many women of many doorways, and many women of many different nationalities passing out, key in different nationalities passing out, key in hand, to have a morning glass.’ (page 53)hand, to have a morning glass.’ (page 53)

SohoSoho

Fog reflects mystery and the unknown. Lifts Fog reflects mystery and the unknown. Lifts as they near their goal.as they near their goal.

Alcoholism and addictionAlcoholism and addiction Cheap and of poor quality – penny numbers.Cheap and of poor quality – penny numbers. Comment on sensationalised literature of Comment on sensationalised literature of

the time – link to maid at start of chapter – the time – link to maid at start of chapter – ‘romantically given’.‘romantically given’.

Comment on class – issues/problems of the Comment on class – issues/problems of the working class.working class.

Through his protagonist, Henry Jekyll, Through his protagonist, Henry Jekyll, Stevenson suggests that all of us have, Stevenson suggests that all of us have, regardless of class, the ability to succumb regardless of class, the ability to succumb to vice. Hyde is at home here; Jekyll has a to vice. Hyde is at home here; Jekyll has a part of himself that is as such too. part of himself that is as such too.

Symbolism of the door – page 18Symbolism of the door – page 18 The embattled city; London as an extended The embattled city; London as an extended

metaphor for the struggle within Jekyll – metaphor for the struggle within Jekyll – The The Carew Murder Case Carew Murder Case page 52page 52

Use of fog as a symbol for mystery and secrecy Use of fog as a symbol for mystery and secrecy p52-53 – foreshadowing Utterson’s dilemma p52-53 – foreshadowing Utterson’s dilemma concerning the letter page 61.concerning the letter page 61.

Pathetic fallacy used, increasing tension as we Pathetic fallacy used, increasing tension as we near the climax – page 38near the climax – page 38

Jekyll’s laboratory – page 58Jekyll’s laboratory – page 58 Contrast between Soho and more respectable Contrast between Soho and more respectable

parts of the city– p 23/53 and p17/29.parts of the city– p 23/53 and p17/29.

Quotes you should know for Quotes you should know for settingsetting

Choose a novel in which setting helps Choose a novel in which setting helps to develop your understanding of to develop your understanding of character and/or theme.character and/or theme.

Show how the writer’s use of this aids Show how the writer’s use of this aids your understanding of the central your understanding of the central concerns of the text.concerns of the text.

Use of weatherUse of weather London/ SohoLondon/ Soho The Door and the symbolism held The Door and the symbolism held

within.within. Any other ideasAny other ideas REMEMBER:REMEMBER: – –EVALUATIONEVALUATION - ANALYSIS THAT IS CLOSE TO - ANALYSIS THAT IS CLOSE TO

THE TEXT AND IN DETAIL.THE TEXT AND IN DETAIL.

You could mention:You could mention:

Timed essay on setting in J and HTimed essay on setting in J and H

Must learn quotes, be familiar with Must learn quotes, be familiar with intro and synopsis.intro and synopsis.

Also, think (write) potential topic Also, think (write) potential topic sentences for the quotes you will sentences for the quotes you will probably use. Also ensure that you probably use. Also ensure that you know the context.know the context.

It is possible to revise for this It is possible to revise for this (despite what you may think!) by (despite what you may think!) by learning statements, contexts, learning statements, contexts, quotes and the analysis.quotes and the analysis.

EssayEssay

Symbolism of the door – page 18Symbolism of the door – page 18 The embattled city; London as an extended The embattled city; London as an extended

metaphor for the struggle within Jekyll – metaphor for the struggle within Jekyll – The The Carew Murder Case Carew Murder Case page 52page 52

Use of fog as a symbol for mystery and secrecy Use of fog as a symbol for mystery and secrecy p52-53 – foreshadowing Utterson’s dilemma p52-53 – foreshadowing Utterson’s dilemma concerning the letter page 61.concerning the letter page 61.

Pathetic fallacy used, increasing tension as we Pathetic fallacy used, increasing tension as we near the climax – page 38near the climax – page 38

Jekyll’s laboratory – page 58Jekyll’s laboratory – page 58 Contrast between Soho and more respectable Contrast between Soho and more respectable

parts of the city– p 23/53 and p17/29.parts of the city– p 23/53 and p17/29.

Quotes you should know for Quotes you should know for settingsetting

Move away from the formulaic ‘The Move away from the formulaic ‘The metaphor of “citadel’…metaphor of “citadel’…

Instead, try to show more skill with Instead, try to show more skill with language:language:

The dingy streets of Soho are compared The dingy streets of Soho are compared directly with the metaphorical ‘citadel’ directly with the metaphorical ‘citadel’ that is Cavendish Square…that is Cavendish Square…

How to improve your How to improve your mark…mark…

Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘The Strange Case of Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘The Strange Case of Mr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ is a novel… BORINGMr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ is a novel… BORING

Instead:Instead: ““Set amongst the sinister and unsettling streets Set amongst the sinister and unsettling streets

of Victorian London, Robert Louis Stevenson’s of Victorian London, Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’

““A profound study of man’s inherent duality, A profound study of man’s inherent duality, Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘TSCODJAMH’ is set Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘TSCODJAMH’ is set amongst the ominously foggy streets of Victorian amongst the ominously foggy streets of Victorian London. “London. “The opening of your The opening of your essayessay

These should be throughout your These should be throughout your writing, possibly even in your topic writing, possibly even in your topic sentences:sentences:

It is this part of the novel which It is this part of the novel which best…best…If symbolism is seen as a key If symbolism is seen as a key technique in Gothic literature, then it technique in Gothic literature, then it is the symbol of the door which is is the symbol of the door which is most prominent in the novel…most prominent in the novel…This is central/ fundamental to our This is central/ fundamental to our understanding/ important/ understanding/ important/ imperative/ vital/ critical to, etc.imperative/ vital/ critical to, etc.Your evaluative Your evaluative

commentscomments

‘‘black winter morning’ – the morning is foul in temperament, black winter morning’ – the morning is foul in temperament, reflecting the darker side of man and the novel’s main concern.reflecting the darker side of man and the novel’s main concern.

‘…‘…reinvasion of darkness’ – furious internal struggle within the reinvasion of darkness’ – furious internal struggle within the novel’s very setting. Reflects central concerns; aids novel’s very setting. Reflects central concerns; aids atmosphere and reflects the characters of the novel.atmosphere and reflects the characters of the novel.

Jekyll’s home described at the beginning of the novel Jekyll’s home described at the beginning of the novel -“certain sinister block of building.” -“certain sinister block of building.”

When Utterson returns home after visiting Jekyll - “read a When Utterson returns home after visiting Jekyll - “read a menace in the flickering of the firelight on the polished menace in the flickering of the firelight on the polished cabinets.” cabinets.”

The moon is described as “lying on her back as though the The moon is described as “lying on her back as though the wind had tilted her.” wind had tilted her.”

Hyde describes the sky as having "constellations [that] Hyde describes the sky as having "constellations [that] looked down upon me.“looked down upon me.“

Mr Utterson taking the officer to Hyde’s house. –”A great Mr Utterson taking the officer to Hyde’s house. –”A great chocolate-coloured pall lowered over heaven, but the wind was chocolate-coloured pall lowered over heaven, but the wind was continually charging and routing these embattled vapours.”continually charging and routing these embattled vapours.”Pathetic FallacyPathetic Fallacy