Population in 1939- 34,849,000 Military Casualties- 240,000 Civilian Deaths- 2,380,000 to...
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Transcript of Population in 1939- 34,849,000 Military Casualties- 240,000 Civilian Deaths- 2,380,000 to...
Warsaw, Poland
Poland Casualties Population in 1939-
34,849,000 Military Casualties-
240,000 Civilian Deaths-
2,380,000 to 2,580,000 Jewish Holocaust
Deaths- 3,000,000 Total Number Dead-
5,620,000 to 5,820,000 % of Population of
Poland Killed- 16.1-16.7%
WORLD WAR II
Hitler’s Officers
Night of the Long Knives- Hitler systematically eliminates political opponents- Including Edward Roehm- leader of SA
Nazi Leadership: Hermann Goering
Second in command Commander of the Luftwaffe
Joseph Goebbels Propaganda Minister
Heinrich Himmler Head of the SS
Herman Goering
Heinrich Himmler Joseph Goebbels
Nazi Hierarchy: Hitler, Goering, Goebbels, Hess
France v. Germany After Poland, the British and French wait
for 1 year May 1940- Germany invades France Germany was the ultimate offense, France was the ultimate defense-
Maginot Line A complex system of bunkers, pillboxes and
artillery positions Had underground hospitals, generators,
railroads and housing units Goal: No one will break through our line
The Maginot Line…fails Problem: only one
part of a wall Germans went around
it- attacked from the rear Went through the
Arden Forest- the French didn’t think the army could go through it
France falls in 6 weeks
Affects of the fall of France France’s surrender
shocks the world- only country left is Britain
U.S does not want to get involved in the War- Public wants isolationism
U.S passes the Selective Service Act- started a peacetime draft- 1st in history
The Battle of Britain July-October 1940-
Battle of Britain begins Britain fights alone for
its own sovereignty Churchill needed a
morale booster- Bomb Berlin Hitler was furious- told
the Luftwaffe (Air Force) to hit civilian targets
This pulls planes from military targets and allows the British Air Force (RAF) to recover
Meanwhile…In America Boogie Woogie
Bugle Boy Neutrality Acts (1935)-
Designed to keep the U.S out of war
1. Outlawed U.S companies to sell only war goods to belligerent countries
2. Forbade American citizens from traveling on belligerent countries ships- not another Lusitania incident
Meanwhile…In America Lend Lease Act-
Spring 1941 Program to lease or
loan military goods- not selling
Goal: keep the British Afloat
37,000 Tanks 43,000 Aircraft 1.8 Million Rifles
Germany Invades Russia June 22, 1941- Germany invades with 4
million men Operation Barbarossa- Obtain the oil fields
in Georgia, Crimea and the Middle East 3 Pronged Attack
Leningrad Moscow Stalingrad
Mother Russia Fights Back November 1941-
Leningrad about to give up and the Germans 20 miles outside of Moscow
The Germany army freezes- equipment, tanks, guns are useless- 100,000 Germans get frostbite
December 5th- (-40 degrees)- German army halts
December 6th- Russia begins its counterattack
Germany Invades Russia
U.S Enters the War Japan and the U.S
were on shaky relations 1932- Japan invades
China and Manchuria- U.S condemns their action
1940- Japan begins to plot against the U.S
Admiral Yamamoto- In charge of the attack on America
Pearl Harbor Strategy Pearl Harbor was
meant to be a knock out blow to the U.S- take out the navy=knock out
Belief was if the U.S was attacked they would have to choose which front to fight on- if their navy is destroyed they would choose Europe
M.A.G.I.C MAGIC- process for
deciphering Germany codes
Nov 1941- U.S military uses magic to discover:
1. Japan’s fleet has left the islands
2. Japan would use a false weather report given to diplomats to tell them who they would invade
East Wind Rain given- Attack on the U.S
Pearl Harbor Military thought Japan
would attack the Philippines Attack was a complete
surprise 160 planes and 4
battleships were destroyed, 4 more battleships were damaged
None of the 3 aircraft Carriers the U.S had in the Pacific were sunk-not in Hawaii
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Preparing for War America had to enter into
Total War- when every aspect of society is geared towards the war effort Example: Ford made tanks Things were rationed
Total war fosters the idea of common sacrifice- gave them a sense of ownership- “We are all in this together”
Results of the Home Front Productivity grew
enormously- changed society more than any other event in U.S History
Women joined the military and the workforce- ½ of workforce in aircraft industry were women
1 million soldiers before the war- 16 million after
8 million unemployment before the war- 1 million afterward
Results of the Home Front Cont.
Before the war- a ship was built every 27 days After- every 10.3 hours
Frozen food started selling
Penicillin and antibiotics came out of WWII
Income tax broadened
America starts the war…where?!?!?
The allies first counter-attack- North Africa Operation Torch (Nov 8th)- Invasion of
Morocco May 1943- Germans and Italians surrender
Africa January 1944- Allies land in Italy- thought it
would be the “soft underbelly of Europe Took 6 weeks to get off the beaches!!!
Tehran Conference Stalin, FDR and
Churchill meet in Tehran, Iran on Nov, 1943
Agreed on the opening of a second front in France the Following May
Stand was enraged that it would take that long- didn’t trust his allies
Operation Overlord D-Day (June 6th, 1944)-
The Allies invade the Normandy coast of France The largest amphibious landing in
world history Problem: The French coast
is heavily guarded and a tank division is patrolling the border
Allies need to distract the Germans- Operation Fortitude
Operation Fortitude Allies try to trick the Germans into
thinking they would land somewhere else Eisenhower put the 1st U.S Army group at
Dover and put General Patton in charge Built false buildings, used false radio
communications and built plywood boats Dropped 3 times as many bombs at Calais
than Normandy It worked
D-Day 5 beaches the Allies
landed on- The U.S landed on Utah and Omaha The bloodiest defense was
at Omaha After 2 weeks, 1 millions
troops landed on the beaches
Once the allies broke out into open territory, the allies begin to push heavily into Germany territory
Battle of the Bulge Fall 1944- Belgium and France
are taken by the allies Hitler devises a surprise attack
to reverse the course of the war- happens December 16
Battle of the Bulge- surprise attack on the American forces in Belgium No radio silence- British didn’t
know Obliterated 2 American Division-
drove 60 miles into the allied lines
Bastogne 101st Airborne
division surrounded by Germans
Bastogne was a hub for 5 major roads
General McAuliffe- Officer in charge of the defense Held the Germans
for a week and a half
Battle of the Bulge
Took 6 weeks to push the Germans back
The last dying gasp of the German army
V-E Day
April 30th, 1945- Ava Bron takes poison 1 day after marrying Hitler- Hitler kills himself
War is over May 7, 1945- Eisenhower refused to accept Germany’s unconditional surrender
FDR dies in April 1945- Truman takes over
All focus shifts to the Pacific