Overview Clean Energy Act Canadian energy governance Canadian (and BC) government.
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Transcript of Overview Clean Energy Act Canadian energy governance Canadian (and BC) government.
CEEN 590 Formal Government Processes
outline
Overview Clean Energy Act Canadian energy governance Canadian (and BC) government
Overview
Governance in 2 stages Formal procedures (informal) processes; actor dynamics
Core distinction: Authority: ability to make rules backed
up by coercive power of the state Power/influence: ability to influence
outcomes Today: foundations for authority
Clean Energy Act
What is the objective for BC electricity export policy?
Who decides, and how, whether new projects will be built for export?
What are the terms and conditions for approving export projects?
How are the interests of ratepayers protected in export projects? What about taxpayers?
How will further details about export policy be developed?
5
Net Exports in Clean Energy Act - objective
Clean Energy Act objective “to be a net exporter of electricity from clean or renewable resources with the intention of benefiting all British Columbians and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in regions in which British Columbia trades electricity while protecting the interests of persons who receive or may receive service in British Columbia”
6
Net Exports in Clean Energy Act – integrated resource plan
the Act requires that BC Hydro include planning for the export market in its new “integrated resource plan” (IRP) (Section 3).
7
Net Exports in Clean Energy Act – cabinet direction
if the government determines after receiving the IRP that it is in the public interest to do so, Cabinet may direct BC Hydro to acquire
new sources of power for export ▪ and ensure the necessary transmission
capacity for it (Section 4(1)(b)). Such decisions would not be subject to
review by the British Columbia Utilities Commission (BCUC).
8
Net Exports in Clean Energy Act – the stealth option
government may develop a regulation to allow BC Hydro to engage in export contracts for the electricity planned for meeting the “self-sufficiency with reserve” obligation (Section 35(1), referring to Section 6(3)).
self-sufficiency obligation needs to be met “except to the extent that the authority may be permitted, by regulation, to enter into [export] contracts”,
export contracts established under this provision can override the “self-sufficiency with reserve” requirement
9
Self Sufficiency in 2007 Energy Plan
self sufficient by 2016, + insurance of 3000 GWh/year by 2026
assume “critical water conditions” result: ensures substantial surplus
available for export in almost every year
New Clean Energy Act continues this policy (insurance date moved up to 2020)
10
Net Exports in Clean Energy Act – ratepayer protection
BCUC, when it sets rates for BC Hydro, is prohibited from recovering the costs of the export projects authorized under a Section 4 determination of the government after receiving the IRP. In other words, ratepayers should not be subsidizing the export contracts established under this provision.
Implication
The meaning is in the detail: You can’t understand the important stuff of policy unless you are willing to dig deep into the details
PM gets procedures wrong NGP
http://www.cbc.ca/video/#/News/TV_Shows/The_National/1233408557/ID=2187645807
Governance in Context
actions – behavioural actions energy choices by firms,
consumers policies – rules produced by
government that influence actions Objectives (increase renewable
electricity) Instruments (renewable portfolio
standard) Settings (10% by 2012)
governance – who decides the rules
Sustainable Energy Policy 13
Doern and Gattinger: 5+ Governance Imperatives
1. The Rich Fuel Endowment: The problem of too many choices
2. Dependence of US Continental Markets3. Divided Political Jurisdiction4. Regional-Spatial Realities, and Producer-
Consumer Tensions5. Environmental Issues 6. Aboriginal Peoples’ concerns
Governance – 3 Core Questions Who decides? Who participates? At what level of
government? (vertical dimension)
15
Vertical Dimension –Division of Powers
PROVINCIAL
109 – all lands, mines, minerals, and royalties to the provinces
92 – provincial management and sale of public lands (federal jurisdiction over “Canada Lands”)
FEDERAL
91 –international and interprovincial trade
91 –tax any mode or means
Spending Fisheries and
navigation General
criminal law Peace, order, good
governmentWhat about local government? International government?
Government in Canada
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi1yhp-_x7A
Sustainable Energy Policy 17
18
Parliamentary Government –Executive
executive governor general lieutenant governor
(largely ceremonial) premier and cabinet▪ Premier/PM: leader of the
party with the most seats in the legislature
▪ Cabinet: selected by the Premier/PM from members of the legislature of the premier/PM’s party
Parliamentary Government –Legislature MP – member of
Parliament MLA – members of
legislative assembly influence limited by
majority rule – government must have support of majority
party discipline – all members must vote how their party tells them to▪ Party policy set by caucus – in reality
by cabinet and especially leader
19
Parliamentary Government –Legislature
House of Commons – 308 seats Conservative (165) – 54% New Democrat (101) Liberal (35) Bloc Quebecois (4) Green Party (1) Independent (1)
Sustainable Energy Policy 20
Votes and Seats
Vote % Seat %
Conservative 40 53
NGP 31 33
Liberal 19 11
BQ 6 1
Green 4 0.3
Parliamentary Government –LegislatureBRITISH COLUMBIA – 85 SEATS
BC Liberal (49) - 58% New Democrat (35) Independent (1)
ALBERTA – 83 SEATS
Progressive Conservatives (68) (82%)
Liberal (9) Wildrose Alliance (3) NDP (2) Independent (1)
Sustainable Energy Policy 22
23
Parliamentary Government –Judicial
Provincial Courts Federal Court of
Appeals Supreme Court of
Canada Very little role in
energy policy except for aboriginal rights
24
Parliamentary Government – Forms of Law
statuteenabling legislation
Act of legislature
regulationdelegated legislation
order in council
cabinet (informal)
lieutenant governor (formal)
contracts, permits
25
Parliamentary Government – Policy that is not Law
Legally required rules are a subset of “public policy”
Example: BC Energy Plan document
26
Bureaucracy
Minister: Elected politician Member of cabinet and legislature
Appointed Officials Example: BC Ministry of Energy
Essential Elements of Authority Division of powers Head of state PM or premier Cabinet Members of
legislature
Legislatures Minister Appointed officials Bureaucracies Courts
Sustainable Energy Policy 27
Summary
Authority vs power Formal bases for policy in statute
and regulation provincial dominance executive dominance Next week: policy process, actor
dynamics