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Transcript of M.socrative.com – Room 38178 QUESTIONS: 1. When is the Romantic period? 2. Why did artists...
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BELL RINGER M.socrative.com – Room 38178
QUESTIONS:1. When is the Romantic period?2. Why did artists resist patronage?3. What is another name for the “starving artist”? (hint:
starts with a B)
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ROMANTIC MUSICIntroduction
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MUSIC - INTRODUCTION Music provided a medium to express emotion
Romantic music made stylistic changes to classical music
Though Romanticism was mostly a rebellion against neoclassicism, in music it involved a more gradual and natural extension of classical principles
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MUSIC - INTRODUCTION Spontaneity replaced control
More emphasis on a beautiful, lyrical, and expressive melody
Longer and more complex phrases
Traditional rhythms, but new patterns
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MUSIC - INTRODUCTION Colorful harmonies and instrumentation
Any previous “laws” regarding key relationships could be broken to achieve striking emotional effects.
Increasingly complex harmonies
Traditional distinctions between major and minor were blurred with chromatic harmonies
Some composers used key changes so frequently that once you found the key center, the music had changed to another one
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CHROMATIC HARMONIES
The sharps and flats make the notes chromatic – they pull those notes out of the current key (or center) and create more complex harmonies
[this is just a chromatic melody, the accompaniment would include accidentals (sharps and flats) as well]
If you see lots of flats and sharps – it’s probably Romantic music!!
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MUSIC - INTRODUCTION More and more dissonance occurs and eventually becomes the
principal focus
Dissonance created emotion Dissonance is a sound of “incompletion” or being “unfinished.” It wants
to go somewhere, but leaves you hanging Created by playing nontraditional chords – notes right next to each
other, or outside the scale
Interest in timbre (tone color) lead to great diversity in vocal and instrumental performance
Tremendous increase in the size and diversity of the orchestra
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WHO STARTED IT ALL? Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
In about 1820, Beethoven began to write passionate compositions which often broke from the classical forms he usually worked in
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SYMPHONY NO. 9 Symphony No. 9 (1824) is noted for his use of vocal
soloists and a chorus into the final movementThe classical symphony could not express all he feltThe trombone and several other percussive instruments are
added as well
After No. 9, many composers felt the need to experiment
Symphony No. 9 - Finale
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MORE ON BEETHOVEN Beethoven was the first “bohemian composer.”
He did not work for a church or aristocrat, he survived on his own (money from performances and lessons – enough to get by)
Not having a “boss” allowed him to express his extreme individualism
He could write as he pleased and challenge the public to follow him Mozart, for example, was always writing for someone else
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THE TRANSITION Composers did not fall in Beethoven’s footsteps right
away
They experimented first – smaller ensembles before orchestras
Starts with solo voice and piano works
There will be LOTS of AMAZING Romantic symphonies, but we’ll talk about them later
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ROMANTIC FORMS/TYPES Lieder
Piano Works
Program Music
Symphonies
Opera
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LIEDER Lieder means “art song”, composition for solo voice
with piano
Began the emotional experimentation in music – chromatics and complex harmonies
A poetic text allowed for a variety of lyrical and dramatic expressions and linked music directly to literature
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LIEDER It was a burst of German lyric poetry that encouraged the
growth of the Lieder
Music added deeper emotional implications to the poetry
Some Lieder were complex, others were simple, some structured, some not
Regardless, the piano was an inseparable part of the experience – it explored mood and established rhythmic and thematic materials before they were sung Occasionally, it had solo passages of its own
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FRANZ SCHUBERT The earliest and most important composer of Lieder:
Schubert (1797-1828)Austrian
His troubled life epitomized the Romantic view of the artist’s desperate and isolated condition
He wrote over 1,000 works – symphonies, sonatas, operas, Masses, choral compositions, and LiederNone were performed until the year of his deathWe’ll look at his symphonies later
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FRANZ SCHUBERT “Scubertiads” – a group of Schubert’s friends who
would gather for evenings of musicNumbers of his songs were only privately viewed by his
friends until after his death
Died of syphilis at the age of 31
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SCHUBERT’S DER ELKONIG Der Elkonig (The Erlking, 1815) is an excellent example
of Schubert’s work and Romantic music in general
The Erlking
What is the song about?Listen to it FIRST and then we’ll sum it up
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THE ERLKING The piano plays a role in transmitting the mood of the
piece – the rapid octaves create tension
The melody in the bass line creates additional tension in its dark minor key
The variety of music allows the soloist to sound like several characters – the father, the song, and the Erlking
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ANOTHER SCHUBERT LIEDER... You’ve probably heard this one... Much happier and
prettier than the Erlking
Ave Maria
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THE PIANO Lieder success came with developments and changes
in the design of the piano
It was much warmer and richer in tone than earlier pianos
Improvements in pedal techniques made sustained tones possible and gave the instrument greater lyrical potential
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PIANO PEDALS
Una corda (or soft pedal – changes the timbre of the piano)
Sostenuto (can sustain selected notes while others go unaffected)
Sustain pedal
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(SOLO) PIANO WORKS The changes of the piano made it an almost ideal solo
instrument It was popular in the Classical Period, but became even more
popular in the Romantic Period
New works were composed solely for the piano, ranging from short, intimate pieces to larger works to show off the player Pieces were much more difficult to play
Schubert wrote several, but the most celebrated pianist of the 19th century and one of its more innovative composers was Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
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FRANZ LISZT 1811-1886, Hungarian
He enthralled audiences with his expressive, dramatic playing
He taught most of the major pianists of the next generation
His piano works include etudes, concertos, and 20 Hungarian Rhapsodies based on Hungarian urban popular music (rather than folk music)
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FRANZ LISZT The technical demands of Liszt’s compositions, and the
rather florid way he performed them, gave rise to a theatricalityThe primary focus was to impress audiences with flashy
presentation
Fit into the idea of the “artist as a hero”
Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 - Tom & Jerry
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FREDERIC CHOPIN Chopin (1810-1849), Polish
Wrote exclusively for piano
Several etudes, usually set to a single motif, and explored a single technical problemEtude: study, a piece not to perform, but to teach you
something
His etudes explored the possibilities of the instrument and eventually became short tone poems
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FREDERIC CHOPIN Wrote intimate works such as preludes, nocturnes, and
dances (waltzes, polonaises, etc.)
He also wrote larger works such as scherzos, ballades, and fantasies.
All of his pieces are highly individual
His melodies are lyrical and his moods vary
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CHOPIN’S NOCTURNES Chopin’s Nocturnes are his most celebrated works
Nocturnes: “night pieces”
Nocturne in E flat Major Op. 9, No. 2
The main theme alternates with others, almost rondo form (ABABAC)
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OPUS 9, NO. 2 The melody is very graceful and lyrical over supporting chords
The melody uses notes close together (near by on an instrument) and just a few widely spaced
Each time the main theme is repeated, its more elaborate and ornamented
The work ends in a cadenza, which builds through a crescendo (gradually gets louder) and finishes pianissimo (very softly) Cadenza: a chance for the performer to show off what they can do.
They can play it at any tempo they desire.
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RECOGNIZING PIECES Again, you’ll need to do music recognition
Should be EASIER than the classical period because pieces are more individual
I will ALWAYS play the obvious melody, I will not always start at the beginning It will always be the SAME excerpt
All of these links are posted on the website:http://mrsbsteacherpage.weebly.com
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WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW FROM TODAY... Liszt – Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2
Fast part towards the end
Chopin – Nocturne Opus 9, No. 2Beginning
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PRACTICE! Chopin Nocturne Op.9 No.2 (Beginning)
Franz Liszt Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 (7:07)