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Movement- Push and pull factors

Movement

Provides example of where history and geography are connected

Both historians and geographers study how and why people have moved within the United States as well as to the United states from other places.

Push and Pull factors

Exploration and Settlement1800-1820

1835-1850

Migration Chart

Westward Movement:

Who: Settlers and Pioneers

Where: From States in the Eastern part of the U.s

*To states in the west such as Michigan, and later on Oregon and Nebraska

When: From the early 1800s to around 1900

Why: Push factor: lack of opportunity

Pull Factor: Farm Land Adventure

Underground Railroad

Was a secret organization of routes, safe housed, and people.

Purpose was to guide escaped slaves from the South to freedom in the North.

Was neither a railroad nor underground

Operated mainly between 1830 and 1861

Michigan important part of the Underground Railroad

Michigan People important in the Underground

Railroad Laura Smith Haviland Led escaped slaves to Canada Southern slave owners offered a $3,000

reward for her capture She and her family also opened one of the first schools in

Michigan for black people

George De Baptiste Black businessman bought a ship to take escaped

slaves across the Detroit River to Canada Member of the Second Baptist Church; important station on the

Underground Railroad

Continued Sojourner Truth

Was born a slave in New York in 1797, freed in 1828 Became an abolitionist, person who believed slavery

should be made illegal Supporter of voting rights for women Excellent speaker and traveled the U.S speaking out against

slavery and the rights of all people

Nathan Thomas Doctor in Kalamazoo County Started helping slaves in 1843 Over 1000 slaves passed through his home

Migration chart

Underground Railroad

Who: Enslaved people in southern slave states

Where: From slave states in the South To states in North and to Canada

When: From the 1840s to around 1860

Why: Push Factor- Slavery

Pull Factor- Freedom

Orphan Trains

Occurred between 1850s to 1920s

Estimated 100,000 homeless children sent by train from NYC to smaller towns and farms in the Midwest

First orphan train riders, group of 14 boys, arrived in 1854 in Michigan

By 1927, about 12,500 orphans had been placed in MI

39% were girls. Most were never adopted

Migration Chart

Orphan Trains

Who- Homeless orphans in NYC

Where- From NYC to small towns and farms in the Midwest

When- Mid-1850s to the late 1920s

Why- Push factor- No family or home Pull Factor- The chance for a home

and family

The Great Migration

Millions of African Americans moved from the south to the North during early 1900s

Reason for movement of people; escaping racism of the south and find a better life in the cities of the North.

Many settled in Detroit

Racism in the South-Push or Pull factor?

Racism was a Push factor, while factory jobs were a pull factor

Migration Chart

The “Great Migration”

Who- African Americans in the South

Where- From south to cities in the North like Detroit

When- 1900 to around 1940

Why- Push Factor- Racism and lack of opportunity

Pull Factor- Jobs and the hope of a better life

Forced to Move??

Around 1830, it became the official policy of the US government to remove Native Americans from their lands to reservations west of the Mississippi River.

They did not want to move, but were forced

“The Removal of the Michigan Potawatomi” Who was migrating, or moving, in the book? From where had they been living? To where were they moving? When were they moving? Why were they moving? What push factors were described? What pull factors were described

Migration Chart Native American Removal

Who-Native Americans such as the Potawatomi

Where- From states like Michigan to states like Kansas and Oklahoma

When- 1830

Why-Push Factor- pushed out and relocated Pull Factor- US government provided lands for

Native Americans