* Matter is all around you * It is anything that has mass (the amount of stuff) and volume (occupies...
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Transcript of * Matter is all around you * It is anything that has mass (the amount of stuff) and volume (occupies...
*Matter
*What is matter
*Matter is all around you*It is anything that has mass (the amount
of stuff) and volume (occupies space)*Exists in four different states or phases
*It is made up of atoms, molecules and ions
*Solids
*Atoms or molecules are closely packed together and have the lowest kinetic energy*Often hard and brittle*Cannot often change their shape*Add heat and increase the KE, you can
change the state
*Liquids
*Atoms or molecules can now move relative to each other*Liquids can ‘flow’ at room temperature*Have more KE and do not have a specific
shape but will conform to the container it is in*Add more heat…
*Gases
*Molecules or atoms are widely spread apart*They move freely in the space they are in
and can move with high speeds*They can bump into one another and just
bounce off instead of joining together*These have the highest KE
*Plasmas
May be new to youAdd even more energy and the electrons and neutrons can separate from one another and a ‘soup’ of positive ions and negative electrons are formedThis is the plasma state
*Physical changes
*When you add energy and you change the phase of a substance, this is called a physical change as you have NOT changed what the material is, just its state*Melting ice to water*Ripping a piece of paper, crushing a can*A physical change affects the form of a
substance but not its composition and they are generally reversible
*Chemical Change
*Fireworks – Matches – Creating Precipitates*These occur on the molecular level and
produces a new substance with different chemical properties from the original substances.*Are usually irreversible – can’t relight a
match!*Heat/light may be released, color change
may occur, an odor may occur, gas bubbles could be produced, sound can be created
*Atoms
*The smallest unit of matter is the atom*The smallest particle of matter that
retains its chemical properties*Consists of three particles
*Protons
*Positive particles*Found in the nucleus of the atom*Have a charge of +1*Have a mass of 1amu (atomic mass unit)*The number of protons in an element is
the same as the atomic number of that element
*electrons
*Negatively charged particles *Found in an area outside the nucleus
called the electron cloud*Have no mass*Have a charge of -1 *In a neutral atom there are an equal
number of protons and neutrons so that the net charge is zero (0)
*neutrons
*Particles without a charge*Found in the nucleus *Have a mass of 1 amu*The total atomic mass of an element id
the number of protons added to the number of neutrons
*Oxygen is the element*8 is the atomic
number*16 is the atomic
mass*How many protons?*How many
electrons?*How many
neutrons?*Answer =
*The element is sodium*The atomic number
is 11*The atomic mass is
23*How many protons,
electrons and neutrons?
*Try these…