代替エネルギー Material Matters v3n4 Japanese

TM

Vol. 3, No. 4

Generation and Storage

Alternative Energythe way to go

2

2008 4 Material Matters Viktor Balema, Ph.D. Materials Science Sigma-Aldrich Corporation 40 BTU* 4.21020 J TM

Vol. 3 No. 4

_____________________________ 2 _________________________ 2 Your Materials Matter. ________________ 3 _________________ 4 __________________________ 11 ____ 18 ______ 25 __________________________ 26

1/4 EU 29 2000 600 300 1 4 PEM PEM US DOE Plextronics Material Matters sigma-aldrich.co.jp/ aldrich/ms/ Material Matters [email protected] *BTUBritish thermal unit 1 453.6g 1 1BTU 1.05506kJ 252cal

sigma-aldrich.com

1,6- I 78 85 1

s i g m a - a l d r i c h . c o m / j a p a n

20092 Web sigma-aldrich.com

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Your Materials Matter. [email protected] Joe Porwoll, President Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc.

Ragaiy Zidan 1 1M THF NaAlH4 2 10 100 AlH3 3References: (1) Balema, V.P. Material Matters 2007, vol 2, issue 2, 2. (2) Zidan, R. Electrochemical Reversible Formation of Alane. http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review08/stp_19_ zidan.pdf (accessed Oct 24, 2008). Patent application led. (3) Read, C.; Thomas, G.; Ordaz, G.; Satyapal, S. Material Matters 2007, vol 2, issue 2, 3.

H Al H HSodium aluminum hydride solution[13770-96-2] NaAlH4 FW 54.00 F: 101

H

Na

M in tetrahydrofuran density .....................................................................0.905 g/mL, 25 C1L

698865-1L

SAM SOFC SOFC Plexcore ITO SAM ITO PET ITO 8 8 9 14 15 16 16 22 23 24

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Tel:03-5796-7340Fax:03-5796-7345 E-mail:[email protected]

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2 248576 TiO 232033637254 AuPt Au Pt TiO2 UV 6 200 400 nm 3-5 4,5 Au Pt

Rebecca A. Grimme1 and John H. Golbeck*1,2 1 Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 *E-mail: [email protected]

1 H2 H2O CO2 H 1 H2 CO H2O CO H2 CO2 CO2 1 1 1 2

(1) (2) (3) 3 1 IPhotosystem IPS I PS I in vivo N2aseH2ase 7,8 7PS I 8 in vivo 1



5

in vitro in vitro PS I Ralstonia eutropha H16 [NiFe]- PsaE (PS I ) /PsaE PS I PsaE 0.2 mol H2 mg Chl1 h1 9 PS I Greenbaum PS I PS I Pt 10,11 PS I 0.2 2.0 mol H2 mg Chl1 h1 PS I 2 12

Low potential e acceptors stroma FB PsaC FA FX A1 A0 PsaA lumen High potential e donors P700 A1 A0 PsaB

1 I PsaA PsaBPS I P700A0A1 Fx PsaC PS I FA FB C6 P700 FB PS I

PS I PS I PS I 13 1 PS I PS I 13 PsaA PsaB PsaC PsaA PsaB PS I PsaC 2 PS I PsaA/PsaB 100 14 PS I 700 nm aChl a 43 46% 15Chl a PS I P700 Chl a 3 PS I P700 P700 A0 1 Chl a FBPS I FB -580 mV 13PS I 1 PS I P700/FB

2a I - PS Chl a [4Fe-4S] FA FBb) a) 180 Chl a

3 P700 FB P700 A0 A 1 3 [4Fe-4S] 3 [4Fe-4S] x F PsaA PsaB ligate PsaC [4Fe-4S] 2 FA FB


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PS I 4 P700 P700 FB 200 ns P700/FB 16 65 ms FB NADPH FB 1400 P700* 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 200 400 0 P700 10 20 30 40 50 10-30 ps A0 50 ps A1 1-30 ns E, mV 200 ns 20 ms 65 ms FX FA FB H2

PS I Pt PS I PS I Pt P700 FB FB PS I Pt

PS I Pt 2 P700/ FB 65 ms FB 1ms Gibbs Marcus PS I Pt 2.0 nm Pt PS I PS I

X-ray distance in the membrane 4 P700 FB FB H2 Pt

PS I FB PsaC Fe ligate PsaC 2- M7522 [4Fe-4S] FA FB PsaC PS I PsaC FB 1 2 [4Fe-4S] 2- [4Fe4S] in vitro 2- FB

Pt Pt H Pt H 2 H H2 H2 Pt pH 7.0 -420 mV PS I FB 160 mV 102



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rescue ligand 7 2- - 1 2- 17,18

PsaC 1,6 H12005 3 nm Pt PS I 5 A7631 DCPIP 119814 P700 9.6 mol H2 mg Chl1h10.23 24 mol H2 mol PS I1s1) P700 c6 49.3 mol H2 mg Chl1 h1 (1.17 mol H2 mol PS I1s1) 19

pH PS I c6 PS I Pt pH 7.0 10 mM MgCl2 10 mM NaCl PS I c6

PS I Pt

References: (1) Rosen, M.A., Scott, D.S., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1998, 23, 653. (2) United Nations Development Program, World Energy Assesment Report: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainablity, 2003, United Nations, New York. (3) Mizukoshi, Y., Makise, Y., Shuto, T., Hu, J., Tominaga, A., Shironita, S., Tanabe, S., Ultrasonics Sonochem., 2007, 14, 387. (4) Gurunathan, K., Maruthamuthu, P., Sastri, M.V.C., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1997, 22, 57. (5) Dhanalakshmi, K.B., Latha, S., Anandan, S., Maruthamuthu, P., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2001, 26, 669. (6) Tang, H., Berger, H., Schmid, P.E., Levy, F., Solid State Commun., 1994, 92, 267. (7) Melis, A., Zhang, I., Forestier, M., Ghirardi, M.L., Seibert, M., Plant Physiol., 2000, 122, 515. (8) Schutz, K., Happe, T., Troshina, O., Lindblad, P., Leitao, E., Oliveira, P., Tamagnini, P., Planta, 2004, 218, 350. (9) Ihara, M., Nishihara, H., Yoon, K.S., Lenz, O., Friedrich, B., Nakamoto, H., Kojima, K., Honma, D., Kamachi, T., Okura, I., Photochem. Photobioil., 2006, 82, 676. (10) Lee, J.W., Tevault, C.V., Blankinship, S.L., Collins, R.T., Greenbaum, E., Energy & Fuels, 1994, 8, 770. (11) Millsaps, J.F., Bruce, B.D., Lee, J.W., Greenbaum, E., Photochem. Photobiol., 2001, 73, 630. (12) Evans, B.R., ONeill, H.M., Hutchens, S.A., Bruce, B.D., Greenbaum, E., Nano Lett., 2004, 10, 1815. (13) Brettel, K., Bichim. Biophys. Acta, 1997, 1318, 322. (14) Jordan, P., Fromme, P., Witt, H.T., Klukas, O., Saenger, W., Krauss, N., Nature, 2001, 411, 909. (15) Gibbs, M., Holaender, A., Kok, B., Krampitz, L.O., San Pietro, A., A report on a workshop held September 5-6, 1973, at Bethesda, MD, supported by NSF under RANN Grant GI 40253 to Indiana University. (16) Shinkarev, V.P., Vassiliev, I.R., Golbeck, J.H., Biophys. J., 2000, 78, 363. (17) Antonkine, M.L., Maes, E.M., Czemuszewiez, R.S., Breitenstein, C., Bill, E., Falzone, C.J., Balasumbramanian, R., Lubner, C.E., Bryant, D.A., Golbeck, J.H., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2007, 1767, 712. (18) Que, L. Jr., Bobrik, M.A., Ibers, J.A., Holm, R.H., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 4168. (19) Grimme, R.A., Lubner, C.E., Bryant, D.A., Golbeck, J.H., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 6308.

5 C13G/C33S PsaC PsaD P700/FX 1,6 Au Pt I PS I c6


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Name Octanethiol functionalized gold nanoparticles Dodecanethiol functionalized gold nanoparticles (1-Mercaptoundec-11-yl)tetra(ethylene glycol) functionalized gold nanoparticles 1-Mercapto-(triethylene glycol) methyl ether functionalized gold nanoparticlesAu Au

StructureSCH2(CH2)6CH3

Concentration 2 % (w/v) in toluene 2 % (w/v) in toluene 2 % (w/v) in H2O

Particle Size 2 - 4 nm (DLS) 2 - 4 nm (DLS) 3.5 - 5.5 nm (TEM)

Cat. No. 660426-5ML 660434-5ML 687863-5ML

Au

SCH2(CH2)10CH3

S

CH2(CH2)9CH2

O

OH4

2 % (w/v) in absolute ethanolAu S O OCH33

3.5 - 5.5 nm (TEM)

694169-5ML

Decanethiol functionalized silver nanoparticles Dodecanethiol functionalized silver nanoparticlesAg

SCH2(CH2)8CH3

0.1 % (w/v) in hexane

3 - 7 nm (DLS)

673633-25ML

Ag

SCH2(CH2)10CH3

0.25 % (w/v) in hexane

5 - 15 nm (DLS)

667838-25ML

SAM sigma-aldrich.co.jp/aldrich/micronano Name 4-Cyano-1-butanethiol Biphenyl-4,4-dithiol 4,4-DimercaptostilbeneN C

StructureSH

Purity 97% 95% >96%

Cat. No. 692581-500MG 673099-1G 701696-100MG

HS

SH SH

HS

2,2-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol 6-Mercaptohexanoic acid

HS

O

O

SH O

95% 90%

465178-100ML 465178-500ML 674974-1G

HS

OH O

8-Mercaptooctanoic acidHSCH2(CH2)5CH2

95%OH

675075-1G

3-Mercapto-1-propanol 6-Mercapto-1-hexanol 9-Mercapto-1-nonanol 1,6-Hexanedithiol 1,8-Octanedithiol NanoThinks THIO8 1,9-Nonanedithiol p-Terphenyl-4,4-dicarboxylic acid

SHCH2CH2CH2OH

95% 97% 96% 96% 97% 95% -

405736-1G 405736-5G 451088-5ML 451088-25ML 698768-1G H12005-5G H12005-25G O3605-1G O3605-5G 662615-100ML N29805-5G N29805-25G 704717-1G

SHCH2(CH2)4CH2OH

HS SHCH2(CH2)4CH2SH

OH

HSCH2(CH2)6CH2SH

HSCH2(CH2)6CH2SH HSCH2(CH2)7CH2SH

O HO

O OH



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sigma-aldrich.co.jp/aldrich/nano Name Silver Silver Silver, dispersion Silver, dispersion Gold Platinum Titanium(IV) oxide, anatase Particle Size

代替エネルギー Material Matters v3n4 Japanese

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