Looked to achieve social programs through political reform.

Movement arose with urban, middle class

Helping the poor by improving working conditions and cleaning up slums – social reform

Remove corruption from government – political reform

End business abuses that brought wealth to a few and destroyed free enterprise – economic reform

Journalists who exposed economic, social, and political abuses in society

Middle/upper class individuals

1856 – 1915 Political activist Social reformer Wanted gradual integration of blacks

into society Encouraged blacks to learn a

vocation

1868 – 1963 Political activist Social reformer Wanted immediate integration of blacks

into society Stressed higher education (college) Founded NAACP

1887 – 1940 Political activist Social reformer Led a “Back to Africa” movement Wanted to create an African nation-

state

1895 – 1937 Singer Social reformer Greatest classic blues singer of the

1920’s Popular with whites & blacks

1862 – 1931 Writer Social & Political reformer Edited/co-owner of local black

newspaper Used paper to attack evils of lynching

1860 – 1935 Social reformer Founded Hull House

› Center for a higher civic & social life & improve conditions in industrial districts

Aided new immigrants & the poor

1859 – 1947 Social reformer Organized the

NWSA Worked for

women’s suffrage

1820 – 1906 Social reformer Fought for

women’s right to vote

19th Amendment

1879 – 1966 Author Social reformer Fought for legalization of birth control Promoted sex education

1864 – 1922 Author Social reformer Real name Elizabeth Cochran Journalist for the NY World Committed herself to an

asylum to expose abuses Traveled the world in 72 days…

beat record of 80

1870 – 1902 Author/Muckraker Economic reformer Wrote The Epic of Wheat (problems

between farmers & railroads)

1878 – 1968 Author/muckraker Social reformer Wrote The Jungle (exposed the meat

packing industry)

1857 – 1944 Author/muckraker Economic Wrote The History of Standard Oil

(Exposed Rockefeller and broke up his monopoly)

1849 – 1914 Muckraker, author Social reformer Wrote How the Other Half Lives

(Picture book on the inner city ghettos)

1840 – 1902 Muckraker, political cartoonist Political reformer Exposed corruption in cities

(Tweed) Came up with the donkey &

elephant symbol for the political parties

1823 – 1878 Political machine boss NOT A REFORMER Ran Tammany Hall (lots of

corruption)

1855 – 1925 Wisconsin Politician Political reformer Wanted to reform gov’t & end

corruption (recall, referendum, initiative etc.)

Adopted some Populist goals

Special election to get rid of a gov’t official

People get to vote on an issue proposed by legislature

People can propose laws to be voted on

1866 – 1936 Muckraker, author Political reformer Wrote The Shame of Cities (Exposed

corruption in government)

1847 – 1911 Journalist, publisher Owned & published the NY World Utilized Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

(sensationalized stories to grab readers)

1863 – 1951 Owned the San Francisco

Examiner Turned newspaper into a

combination of reformist investigative reporting & exaggerated news (National Enquirer)

1859 – 1952 Educator & philosopher Social reformer Prepare children to become

good citizens of democracy Work had profound impact on

education in the U.S. & abroad

1850 – 1917 Nun Social reformer Founded 67 schools, hospitals,

orphanages, & missions, one for every year in her life

1839 – 1898 Social reformer Organized the WCTU (Women’s

Christian Temperance Union) Helped form the Prohibition Party

Competitors joined together to form the greatest show on earth

1835 - 1910 Novelist & humorist Known for The Adventures of Tom

Sawyer; Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, etc.

Entrepreneur Social Brought department store concept to

America

Entrepreneur Introduced the “chain store” Sold goods for less and limited

personal service

Entrepreneur Social Reformer Brought retail merchandise to small

towns by using catalogs You could even order a house!

Set down the rules for the modern day game of baseball

Became “America’s pastime “

Bicycle manufactures Built a 4-cylinder internal combustion

engine, w/ propeller and biplane First successful flight 12/17/1903 @

Kitty Hawk, NC

Architect/city planner Headed movement for planned urban

parks Designed Central Park (lots of stuff in

Buffalo too!)

•Invented a camera in which everyone could use and

afford