© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment European Copper InstitutePE...

© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa

Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment

European Copper Institute PE Europe

LCE 2006LCE 2006

Wim DeprezWim DeprezIef PardonIef Pardon Johan DriesenJohan Driesen

K.U.Leuven – ESAT / Electa

Hans De KeulenaerHans De Keulenaer Constantin HerrmannConstantin Herrmann


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion

LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 2/26

Outline

• Introduction

• Approach

• Toolbox

• Case Study

• Conclusion

• Questions


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


IntroductionContext - Motivation

• Increasing Energy Demand vs Natural Resources


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion



• Increasing Energy Demand vs Natural Resources European Commission (WG E&T) > 30% by 2030

• Electricity Demand (Fossil & Renewables) 60%


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion



• In Contrast with Global Warming & Environment

Kyoto


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion



• Response & Interaction

€ Concern Image Strategy Legislation …. Other arguments

Academia, …

GovernmentsConsumers

Manufacturers


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


IntroductionElectrical Equipment

• Our Concern / Focus• Same Drivers

€ E Concern Image Strategy Legislation ….

• Directive 2005/32/EC Framework for setting of

eco-design requirementsfor EuPs


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion



• Relevance• > 50% Electricity consumption in developed

countries and approx. 65% of electricity used in industry is consumed by E-motors Purchase cost vs operational cost

• Major part of environmental impact of EuPs is caused by its lifetime energy consumption

• E-consumption is linked with efficiency Increasing η means reducing losses ~ R.I^2 Definition of resistance: R ~ ρ.L/A > More material and/or better material or design


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion



• Therefore: Ecodesign for EUPs is striking a balance between energy consumption, material use and ‘economics’

economical aspects


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


IntroductionThree Cornerstones

• In order to create a good climate for proper ecodesign and increased energy efficiency (certainly in the case of EuPs), there is a need for: Legislation

o E.g.: EuP Directive Simplification

o E.g.: Standards Education / Information


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


ApproachInitiative

• Knowledge Gap LCA-world <> Electrical Engineering Industry

• ECI initiativeSimplification

Education / Information

Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment

for non Experts in LCA•Marketing tool•Educational tool•Ecodesign•…


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


ApproachPartners

• Initiator ECI

• LCA – Ecodesign Specialist PE Europe

• Material Manufacturers & Associations Electrical steel Construction steel Iron Aluminium Copper …

• EuP Manufacturers• Academic Partner


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


ApproachConsidered Equipment

• Criteria: Relevance Simplicity …

• Induction motors• Transformers• Cables


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


ApproachConsidered Equipment

• Induction motors• Transformers• Cables


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


ApproachMethodology

• Which Technique?• AgainCriteria:

» Relevance & Goal (≠ formal EPD)» Simplicity» …

• LCA? Too Holistic Egy consumption dominates > Hairsplitting

• More quantitative techniques [De Wulf] Indicator Approaches Environmental impact drivers approach

o Number & complexity of input data is consciously limited

o ! Simplification ≠ low quality of inventory LCA data!


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


ToolboxSoftware

• Gabi software University of Stuttgart

o Instit. Polymer Testing & - Scienceo PE Europe

• = user interface• Data & formulae

Gabi & EU LCA reference database Different partners

• Five separate tools (with comparison)• Reporting

(intro, goal & scope, inventory results & impact results)


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


ToolboxImplementation

• Data (is limited for user-friendliness & complixity) Still quite some data for each phase of life-cycle

o Production Phase o Utilisation (!!!! For EuPs biggest impact)o End-of-Life Phase

Define fractions for dismantling/shredding/… Depends on Product Cutt-off Criteria

• Impact categories Five Categories Considered

o Global Warming Potentialo Acidification Potentialo Eutrophication Potentialo Ozone Layer Depletion Potentialo Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


ToolboxOverview Motors

• Production Copper Aluminium NGO-Steel Mech-Steel Cast Iron

• Utilisation

*(1 )* *year

RatingLoss Load Hours


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


ToolboxOverview Transformers

• Production Copper Aluminium GO-Steel Mech-Steel Cast Iron Porcelain or ceramic Insulator (epoxy > dry cooled

oil > oil cooled)

• Utilisation Direct Energy or

( * ( ) )* * _ /1000yearLoss LL sqr Load NLL lifetime operating h


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


ToolboxOverview Cables

• Production Underground cable

o Aluminum wireo Coppero PVC

Overhead lineso Also Steel wire

• Utilisation direct_energy = direct_loss*hours_loaded indirect_energy =

(resistance_Al+resistance_Cu)*0,000001*current_cores*sqr((load/100)* rated_currented)*hours_loaded


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


ToolboxValidation & Data Quality

• Goal ≠ formal EPD No third party validation is needed

• Philisophy Validate Methodology and Tool rather than the

individual declarations by it With simplifications on methodology NOT on data

• Data High quality

o Gabi, EU LCA database, partners… According to ISO 14014X series

• Applicable for broad product range


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


Case Study

• Three 1.5 kW induction motors• Input Area


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


Case Study

• Three 1.5 kW induction motors• Reporting Area


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


Case Study

• Three 1.5 kW induction motors• Impacts

CML2001,

Acidification

Potential (AP) [kg

SO2-Equiv.]

CML2001,

Eutrophication

Potential (EP) [kg

Phosphate-Equiv.]

CML2001, Global

Warming Potential

(GWP 100 years)

[kg CO2-Equiv.]

CML2001, Ozone

Layer Depletion

Potential (ODP,

steady state) [kg R11-

Equiv.]

CML2001,

Photochem. Ozone

Creation Potential

(POCP) [kg Ethene-

Equiv.]

Life cycle motor

(Type 1) 11.104 0.8093 2277.8 0.00064878 0.84219

Manufacturing motor 0.1163 0.0080805 30.154 2.7985E-006 0.01527

Recycling motor -0.051579 -0.0025316 -9.4105 -4.5383E-007 -0.0080436

Utilization motor 11.039 0.80375 2257.1 0.00064643 0.83496

Life cycle motor

(Type 2) 9.1476 0.6669 1885.6 0.00053272 0.69745


Recycling motor -0.047203 -0.0021911 -4.3936 -1.9763E-007 -0.0068492


Life cycle motor

(Type 3) 7.4558 0.54366 1544.9 0.00043251 0.57233


Recycling motor -0.043662 -0.0019155 -0.33331 9.7203E-009 -0.0058825



Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


Conclusion

• Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment Non-experts >

o Trade-off complexity vs user-friendlinesso Only model simplifications not on data sets

No full LCA accuracy BUT applicable to broad range of product variations

Marketing, Education, …

• For EuPs >> Utilisation Phase!!

• New Project Systems

o E.g.:


Introduction

Approach

Toolbox

Case Study

Conclusion


Questions?

© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment European Copper InstitutePE...

Documents

Transcript of © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment European Copper InstitutePE...