Kingdom: Monera Division: Eubacteriophyta Class: Bacteria.
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Transcript of Kingdom: Monera Division: Eubacteriophyta Class: Bacteria.
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Classification of bacteria
Kingdom: Monera Division: Eubacteriophyta Class: Bacteria
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What is bacteria? They are prokaryotic organisms:
(they Don’t have organized nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane and the DNA found free in the cytoplasm).
organisms made up of just one cell.
capable of multiplying by themselves, as they have the power to divide , this is called ( binary fission).
some bacteria can cause diseases.
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Common Shapes of Bacteria
SPIRILLUM
COCCUS BACILLUS
vibrio
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Aggregation of coccus shape:
monococcus
Staphylococci
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Aggregation of Bacillus shape monobacillus
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Culture medium Is a mixture of various nutrients which
are suitable for the growth of microorganisms
At least 500 different types Solid or liquid Inoculated by loops, needles, pipettes,
and swabs
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Based on the physical state Liquid medium:
Without agar. for the proliferation of bacteria.
Solid medium: 1.5-2.5% agar. for the isolation and identification of bacteria e.g., slant, Petri dishes.
Semisolid medium: 0.3-0.5% agar. for the observation of bacterial motility and
preservation of bacteria.
Types of media
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Semisolid media
Liquid media
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Where we can find and isolate Bacteria?
We can isolate bacteria from any source:
1. Air2. Water 3. Dust 4. Human body ex.“skin, mouth and
nails”5. Foods6. Any other sources
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Bacterial growth on culture media
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Bacterial growth in culture medium
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Colony morphology
Shape of colony
Edge
Elevation
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Staining of BacteriaBacterial cells are almost colorless and transparent
A staining technique is often applied to the cells to color them →
Their shape and size can be easily determined under the microscope.
Staining may be a simple stain ( use only one type of stain ex: methylene blue) or complex stain ( ex: Gram stain)
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Smear Preparation:
Preparation and Fixation of Bacteria for Staining.
Objective: To kill the microorganism & fix them to the slide to prevent them from being washed out during the process of staining.
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Smear preparation
Flame the loop and let it to cool.
Put the bacterial suspension on a clean slide.
Fix the bacterial suspension by flam (avoid overheating).
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Gram Stain:
It is the most important differential stain used in bacteriology because:
it classified bacteria into two major groups:
a)Gram positive:
Appears violet after Gram’s stain
b) Gram negative:
Appears red after Gram’s stain
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Procedure:
Crystal violet(30-60 sec)
↓wash with water
Iodine(2 min)
↓ wash with water
Alcohol(10 sec)
↓ wash with water
Safranin(1 min)
wash with water, dry and examine with oil lens
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Gram Staining Procedure
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Results:Shape: Cocci
Aggregation: irregular clusters
Colour: Violet
Gram’s reaction: Gram’s +ve
Gram positive Staphylococci
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Results:
Shape: Bacilli
Aggregation: Single
Colour: red
Gram’s reaction: Gram’s –ve
Gram negative monobacilli
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