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Institute for Technology in the TropicsCologne University of Applied Sciences (CUAS)

Fachhochschule Köln

Prof. Dr. Johannes Hamhaber

Institute for Technology and Resources Management

in the Tropics and SubtropicsCologne University of Applied Sciences (CUAS)

Fachhochschule Köln

Prof. Dr. Johannes HamhaberMSc Marc Haering

BA MA Mohammad al-SaidiProf. Dr.Lars Ribbe

Green Growth:the stakes for water resources in the Arab Region

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Green Growth in the MENA region

Green Growth principles

Green growth in MENA region Challenges to green growth Natural resources (water, energy) growth risks

Green Growth adoption in MENA Suggestions and Options

Activities of CUAS/ITT and JU/WEEC Symposia (and Rio 20+) IWRM bicultural master Research activities Water / Energy / Food nexus

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ITT

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Concepts of Green Growth

UNEP (2009)Green growth is [..] a way to pursue economic growth and development, while preventing environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and unsustainable natural resource use.

AFED (2011) giving equal weight to economic development social equity, and environmental sustainability

Thus, using basic principles of sustainability Systemic understanding and raising synergies Multi-dimensionality Appropriate scales (space and scope) Contextuality (both natural and social environments) Fractality (the part representing the whole…) Good governance, Cooperation and benefit sharing …

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ITT

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Green growth concept initial assessment (Scholz 2012)

Green economy = low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive

A means towards sustainable development Enhance attractivity for private sector and policy Stronger cross-sectoral perspective, but concepts are not new Adheres to growth, only decoupling or “greening”

Potential risks Narrow focus on technologies and resource efficiency (despite

rising overall consumption)? Falling short of sustainable development?

Ignores barriers to technological innovation? How to address negative effects in transition period?

Consequences for developing countries ↑prices , ↓growth & competitiveness, eco-protectionism,

new conditionalities imposed for cooperation? ↑Technology gap DCs-ICs and among DCs (build capacity!)

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Challenges to green growth: the great acceleration?(after al-Jayyousi 2012)

Population growth Urbanization Global change (global climate change and globalization)

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

No green growth yet anywhere

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ITT

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Challenges to green growth: status of arab economies?

Shortcomings (AFED 2011) Unemployment rates

14.8% for the general population, up to 27.3% among the youth 51 million new jobs projected to be required by 2020

(if Arab economies structured as currently)

Primary (extractive) sector dominates economies Escalating food imports (30 billion US$ in 2008)

Infrastructures not fully evolved 45 mio without access of safe water and sewage 60 mio without access to affordable energy Fostering private mobility instead of public transportation Over 50% of waste uncollected in many countries Urban sprawl

With negative repercussions on economic, social and environmental development

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ITT

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Arab internal freshwater resources (AFED 2010)

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ITT

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Beyond sectoral views: double burdens? (Hamhaber Haering 2012)

Per capita demand as first approximative indicators to water and energy availability heterogeneity of nations!

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Risk patterns for regional green growth (al Saidi 2012, SIWI 2012)

Economic growth risks to natural resources Economic growth drives demand patterns and lifestyle

changes Fossil energy based growth path deteriorates water resources

Natural resources risks to growth Resources scarcity and its economical cost

Societal inequality in access and affordability to resources linked to inequality in access to economic growth

Transboundary resources conflicts (e.g. watersheds)Highly politicised watershed with dominance patterns:linking resources management with ethnicity, territoriality and other deeply contested discoursesBenefit sharing does not work in securitized basins (Jägerskog 2008)

Multi-dimensional threats: water – energy – food security / scarcityintrinsically linked

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ITT

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Conceptual views towards green growth (selected)

Refocus spatially Enhance agriculture to reduce rural poverty (AFED 2011) Urbanisation without growth? Greening of cities!

Efficiency as growth driver Energy (AFED 2011)

target 30% reduction in energy requirements in industry estimated annual savings of 150,000 billion kWh or $12.3 billion100 bio US$ for efficiency of 20% of building stock 4 mio jobs

Water (CAS 2011)reduce losses will save resources and end user costscontribute to coverage and equity

Synergies water efficiency drives energy efficiency

and vice versa

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Conceptual views towards green growth (2)

Contextuality Technology levels Growth from within?

Trans-Regional cooperation on R&D and education

Cultural compatibility Value sets for promotion of green growth from

culture and religion (Al-Jayyousi 2012)e.g. Tayebah: ‘goodness’ Responsible Development;

capital forms complimentary, not competing Emarat Al Ard: ‘nourishing the world’

re-constructing the earth with a sustainable vision Adl: ‘Justice’ new policies and institutions to protect our natural

capital (New Deal); justice to people, animals and the earth

Zohd: ‘back to basics’ change consumption patterns Islah / ijtihad: ‘rectify and innovate’ ecological restoration

Historical and traditional knowledge systemsas reference and inspiration

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ITT

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Ten Green Growth choices for water resources in the MENA region

1. Pursue a responsible (tayebah) development path

2. Set the priorities right: extensive diagnostics

3. Link water to energy and food: Beyond sectoral water policies water-energy-food-nexus �

4. Remove barriers to private innovations

5. Set the right standards for water sector technologies, management and use practices

6. Invest also in low-cost (e.g. water harvesting) technologies

7. Preempt conflicts and promote benefit sharing

8. Set the right cultural value of water� �special traditional and religious value in the desert culture of the Arab world

9. Change the behavior from the bottom up: Behavioral change by involving and empowering

10.Educate Arab experts and communicators

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ITT

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Activities

Amman-Cologne Symposium 1st Symposium 2011: The water-energy nexus 2nd Symposium 2012: Green Growth and Water

Resourcesresults presented to Rio +20

Ongoing research projects e.g. Nile basin cooperative research with PhDs from

Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt (Water) Governance curriculum project in Egypt

Capacity development / life-long learning e.g. IWRM for an Iraqi delegation in July 2012

Widening the research on water-energy-food-(security) nexus

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ITT

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Activities: IWRM master program

MSc Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Bicultural Master Program in Jordan and Germany

Organised and offered by ITT @ CUAS and

Water, Energy and Environment Center (WEEC) @ JU

On behalf of German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development

(BMZ) The first of four programmes in MENA, first intake 2007

Supported by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

GmbH (GIZ) German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Targeting future challenges: new professional profiles

A „new water professional“ Contextual:

WR in the context of development processes and global change

Multi-dimensional / multi-disciplinaryinteraction of WR with environment, society and economy

Interdisciplinary:integrate concerns and aspects of various sectors (beyond WR)

Communicative:between cultures, disciplines and stakeholders

Germ

any

Jord

an

Syria

Yemen

Pales

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non

Sudan

Iraq

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5

10

15

20

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6 64 3

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Distribution of Students (Countries)

No.

of S

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nts

36%

64%

Females Males

43%57%

Germany Arab Countries

46%

27%

18%7%2%

Engineering

Natural Sciences

Social & Political Sciences

Economics and Business

Law

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ITT

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Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics

CUAS ITTArab Water WeekAmman2013.01

Ensuring future green growth

4th intake graduated January 2012