Introductions and Conclusions

Goals of the Introduction

establishes a relationship with the audience

should be 10% of your speech (no more than 1 minute)

1. Get the audience’s attention

2. Establish Listener Relevance

3. Identify Your Goal and Thesis

4. Establish Credibility

1. Getting Attention Will they keep listening?

Eight different ways to get their attention

1. Make a shocking statement

2. Ask a question

3. Use an Anecdote

4. Use Humor

5. Use a Quotation

6. Use an Action

7. Create Suspense

8. Use a Combination

1. Getting Attention

I. Shocking Statements

A. comments or statistics that grab listener’s attention

II. Ask a Question

A. audience gets involved

B. Rhetorical Question

1. a question that encourages thinking, not answering

C. Direct Question

1. requires a response from the audience

1. Getting Attention

III. Use an Anecdote

A. a short personal story of an event that happened to you

IV. Use Humor

A. must be realistic

B. must be relevant

1. make sure it relates to your speech

C. must be repeatable

1. don’t offend anyone

1. Getting Attention

V. Use a Quotation

A. make sure it relates to your speech

B. make sure you give an oral footnote

VI. Use an Action

A. yourself, assistance, audience member(s)

B. ask ahead of time for a volunteer

1. Getting Attention

VII. Create Suspense

A. have the audience ask themselves “what is this speaker leading up to?”

B. create mystery and curiosity

VIII. Use a Combination

A. Think about the tone of your speech

B. What is appropriate?

What kind of introduction is it?

You need to dream big and plan on reaching your dreams, but dreaming alone isn’t enough. You also need to work hard for your dream. Successful author and public speaker Diana Rankin said, “Instead of thinking about where you are, think about where you want to be. It takes twenty years of hard work to become an overnight success.”

USE A

QUOTATION!

What kind of introduction is it?

More and more people are riding motorcycles. I do. I had my first ride on the back of my friend David’s bike. When he picked me up, he had an extra helmet. It was a really good thing he did. We were on a four-lane highway when a semi truck went by and kicked up dirt. A rock flew up and hit me on the side of my helmet and made a dent as big as a golf ball. Imagine if I hadn’t had that helmet on!

USE AN

ANECDOTE!

What kind of introduction is it?

You might think the difference between 4 percent and 25 percent is 21 percent, and you would be right. It’s also the difference between our place in the world by population and the amount of carbon dioxide pollution we contribute. We make up 4 percent of the world’s population, but cause 25 percent of the pollution from fossil-fuel burning. That’s as much as China, India, and Japan combined. It has to change, and you can do something to help make that change.

MAKE A

SHOCKING

STATEMENT!

What kind of introduction is it?

It costs the United States more than $116 billion per year. It has cost the loss of more jobs than a recession. It accounts for nearly 100,000 deaths per year. What is this terrible thing? It’s alcoholism. And today, i want to convince you that you can avoid being one of the statistics by never taking that first drink of beer being offered at parties.

CREATE

SUSPENSE!

2. Listener Relevance

Once you have their attention, keep them interested

The Listener Relevance Link is a statement of how and why your speech relates to, or affects, your listeners.

It makes a connection between your speech and the audience.

- Why should the listeners care about what you are saying?

- In what way(s) will the audience benefit form your information?

- How might the speech relate to what they want from their lives?

2. Listener Relevance

Who are five of the most important women in your life? Your mother? Your sister? Your best friend? Your volleyball coach? Your niece? Now which one of them has an eating disorder? Before you say none of them, listen to what research tells us. One in every five women in the United States has an eating disorder. Chances are you know one of them. You might even be one of them.

3. State Your Thesis

The thesis is 1-2 sentences that introduces your specific speech goal and topic, as well as the major main points of your speech.

My intention today is to provide you with two ways to keep you from developing an eating disorder – to be educated about eating disorders and to seek help if you think you are developing an eating disorder.

4. Establish Your Credibility

Why should the audience trust what you are saying? How do you prove that you are a credible source?

1. Someone can introduce you and highlight your credentials

2. Mention it in your introduction

“As our football team’s quarterback, I think it is important to highlight the benefits of using football as exercise.”

The Conclusion

The Conclusion

The conclusion is about 5% of your speech (less than a minute).

There are two goals of the conclusion:

1. THE SUMMARY - to review the key ideas and main points of the speech so the audience remembers the important things you said

2. THE CLINCHER - to bring your speech to a close that leaves the audience with a good impression of how important your information was and what they can do with it

1. THE SUMMARY

- reviews the speech goals and main points

I hope I have helped you understand the four techniques for getting people to like you, which are to have a positive attitude, to be friendly, to be confident, and to reach out to others.

2. THE CLINCHER

-a sentence or two that stresses the importance of your speech and the information you provided the audience with

-There are two ways to do this:- using vivid imagery- an appeal to action

2. THE CLINCHER

USING VIVID IMAGERY

Describe an aspect of your speech using vivid images and descriptions that appeal to the five senses and leave the audience with an image imprinted in their mind

Now you know why my family and I chose to become vegetarians. Now every Sunday my mom and I make a meal together. This Sunday we’re going to have an acorn squash tart with marinated tofu. Some of the foods may sound a bit strange to you, but they make me hungry just thinking about them!

2. THE CLINCHER

APPEAL TO ACTION

-asks the audience to act or behave in a certain way or to do something

A cyber bully is a coward who deserves to be punished, even if that means the cyber bully gets suspended from school or gets arrested. The best way to stop cyber bullying is to report it.

END YOUR SPEECH

JUST SAY...

“THANK YOU”

PORTFOLIO ASSIGNMENT 6

The Outline

Due Tuesday 10/14