- l-1-9 -

ANNEX'E

A. SURVEY OF 'IHE ENEMY I S PR.OBLEl\i

(1) Summary of tho onomy situation --.... -·._...._ ..,__......,_ ____ _

SECRET

Fascist leadership hat3 fncod tho problem of per­

suading a v0ry non-bellicose population, stHl

bearing hurts from the last war, inflati.on, the

d0pr0ssion, Ethiopia; Spain, nnd ovcr-taxntion

to fight .in alliance with tho most feared and

hated nation in Europo, for territories few

Italians wanted. Added to these problem:;: .urn

the graver one, from the point cf view Fascist

leaders, that Italy was wearying of Fascisn itself.

The survival o.f Bri ta:i.n, the te.rrible costs ·of

t}H, Greek, Hust,5.an) and Libyan vrarf3, and the

entry of the United States into the ,·,ar have further

encumbered Fasc1st psychologist::,. 'Their efforts

have been directed at bei:Uttling the enen1J.e:::, at,

exalting Axis invincibility, and at malcLng

promise(::, now re1teratcd over eighteen year/il,-:0f. '

better times when the13f.: glorious taslrn have been

achieved,

( 2) Eff:Bct de~,ired

The main tasks of Italian psychological warfare are

;,;J (D

"Cl a 0. C

@ 0.

a 3 So (D

C ::,

--fl;-

~ 3 ~

- 50 - SECRET

B. ENEMY CAPABILITH~S

(1) Strengths and weaknesses inherent in the situation

1. Fascism's 20-year record. Whatever the

facts, it succeeded in convincing a sub-

s.tantial part of Italy's population that

it had overcome bolshevism, anarchy, and

foreign disdain. It also impressed for­

eigners with that view of the situatton.

In these triumphs of propaganda it ex-

ploited Italian defeatism, 1919-1923, and

succeeded in curtaining off many of its

own weaknesr30s.

2. Strong sentimerntal affections for Italy

found among American and British tourists

and rE:,sidents·.

J. The glorious reflections of the Roman Empiro

and the Italian Renaiss~mce.

4. Catholic re9pect for the Italian head of

the church (exploitable after 1929),

.. 5. The peculiar tios of rnr1igrant Italians to

Italy.

' l

... 51 •. SBCRET

(b) WeaknoSOEJG

J .• hll okoptfoal, shrewd Italians (~10 prize

fJhx·ewd skeptioimu) £L:r0 now suso0ptiblo to

a propag;~ndo. which complinioxrts them for

havini;F, t£lkon Fancism with a grain of' so.l'l~.

2, Diioontont with a visibly worsening material

si'tuat:i.ono

3. Vi"oo.ri:rw s s w:i. th Faso ism.

4. Feo.r: or·· Ha.l;y ·bocomi1ig_ a, bh.-1::;tlog;round,

5. .i..nt:i.po.th;y to Gormo.:n ;1oooupnnti._11

6. Lovv stato of' Itfl.l:Lo.n mornlo.

(2) f3t:r0ngH1 and wooJ.<nosr.1 i:n ihho orgnn:i.zc..ticmo.1 set-up ,. • • "'-'·"'-"-'-'""_,_.,_,_,....,~,•_,,,.,..,._,.ua.~,••"""..__""'I• ~ .... ----..c.,..-.,._ ... ....., ,~,..,~J,>1! ,. ,,.,_,....,..,,,..,,.,., .. ,.,..~· ._-.,.~••'•'"' ... x..,,, -~ _,.._,_,-,.•~ .. e-<4...._.1r,.,~_..

Tho stron~th in tho Fascist set-up for psycho•

1op;icc,1 wn:rfo.ro hc.D boon ohio:f'l.y Hw strength

of Liusuo1:l.ni. h:i.m~;el:f' l:'.fl publicity mnn~ oditor 1

mouthpiece, stc,go dosicnor, plo:t-wr:L tor, Dnd

ohiof nctor,.

In Italy nll informn·bion fc:c:i.litios and r,lJ.

propngnnda and psychologicrnl operations

facilities aro undor tho Ministry for Popular

CuJ.turo. 11h:Ls rnnkos for c.n offoctivo :Lnto··

I

I;

---- ----------------~--~~--~-~--~-----------------

- 52 - SECRET

(b) Weakness

ThG greatest weakness in the Whole imposing

pattern of bureaus and organizatlons lies in

the .fact that too few o.f the human beings en­

gaged in doing the actual work care very much

that it be done fast and efficiently, That

attitude st0ms partly from qui<:-)t cont0mpt for

· Fascism, partly from indi.ffe:rence, and partly

from an attltude toward time and grinding

accurate detail work which defies corroction.

Graft and nepotism havo plaCJod :LnCJompetents in

office and discouraged Gompetent men.

i' Ii

Iii:,

Ii

i \ I,

i; I ·1

11

1

, 1

·1'i'1 '.

II ill ,i;, I, 11

------------ --------------------~-----------------------------------

- 5,3 -

Japan I f3 dooision to take ovor tho Southoast

Asiat:Lc and \1ostorn Pacif:to ar\)a by foroo moant

declaring vrar on tho Uni t::.c, 1Statns and Britain

booausc of thcdr int,):r·ci.:tis :u1 tho aroa anc1 pre-

Gontcd c, cd_tua tion which l'.KocJ.od ;jtwtif:Loa tion to

tho pcoplo o. t houc D.nd tho poo::,lo in l1.r.1ia, cw

woll a13 to r3uch noutral aroar::i cw La tin Amo:cico..

Japan I s psycholoc;:ica1 war:far;.1 in :SouthoLwt

attitucl.os of tho nc1·i:,:i.v~, pooplo1:: ~ paid hor big

d.iv:!.donds in hor ,,301.,rt1r-ro.:cc1 dxivc) and ::t,~ con-

tinning to do so. Thus fa!:· ho:c Jx;ycholoc).oo.1

rr::rfarCJ has \Jr::tncipally k:on basod 1-::c,on tho C\.p-

of tho nati vo poop101:; f:com c~n".ccv3ian :cnlo ~ al-

izing on o:d.r:.: t:'m:,~ ;=:ol:L t:i.ce.l ~ E:oci1:.,1, D.nd rolJ.-

I_\ 1 __ n _____ cL _1_ t.

0 <D Q.

~ ~ 0.

I 0 0:: 5'

<D U)

8, 3' <D z Ol

§ ~ )>

g. ~·

·1 J I" I ! i

I!

L

(2916)

-· 54 ..

tho various Caucasian overlords.

2. To :Lntimida to tb<ci British, Dutch, and

Amo:dcans to givo up without fighting.

J. To gain the active cooperation of tho

Malaysians in roostablishing tho aroas

c-wonom:Lcally and poJ.i tically, in ardor

to crea to a G:roa tor Enr,d:, Asia with

Japn.n as tho directing (and oxploiting)

nation.

1. To o:x:ploi.t linoo of social cloavago in

SECRET ...,,. . ..._..~ .... , ... ~-

tho Uni tod Sta toi3 through c..ppoa1s to otl1nic,

Goc:i.nl, and rolii:;ious grouprj with di:fforont

:l.ntorotits, some of th:)m w:L th griovmwos

against tho groupc :i.n pol:LticoJ. ponor.

2. 'ro divide tho Unitod Ste..tos from Br:i.tain

( c) In __ China

1. To porsuadu tho Chung7.dng p;ovornrnont that

furthor rosisto..nco :'l.i:J usolosr1.

2. ~(b d:1 .. scrodit tho Clmngking govor11mimt in

tho oyos of tho Ch:lnosu puoplo.

1. To porsuo..dcJ those countd.uEJ to romnj_n

ncmt:cal.

;:o (D 'O a 0.

@ 0. -a 3 SC (D

C ::, Q.

~ 5 (D

Q_ !I 0

~ I

~ 3 (D 0.

I 0 6: 5·

(Q u,

8, SC (D

z Ol g-::,

2e. )>

cl ::,- I

<. I I

m I I:

;:o (D

"D

·~ 55 ~· SECHET a 0. c; 0 (D 0.

a 2. To poruu.o.dc thon to u.nJ.t; in oppo:3ing 3

SC (D

C ::, 0 ru (f) ~-=t, (D

B. :CNEl\iiY CAPABILITIES 0.

0 (D

Q.

(1) ,Strongths and 1·roakpq_~_sos :tnhoront in tl~s;.:, situc.t:1 • .Qn el (f)

=Ji

(2916)

'1 (D 0.

I I 0 5: 5·

(CJ

1. Tho widosproo.d rOEiontmont in Southo2.st (f)

s, ; SC (D

A,sio. of tho vrhi to 1m.n :-i.G ruler ::nd oxp1o:l. t0r ~ :z "' g

togothor with the fc.ct tlw.t Jo.pcm is lw:cfJclf

cm Asintic 11<'. tion which k\-8 EJUccosDfully

dofiod tho whi to i~cn 1n Rui:-·w :La~ tbnchuria ~

Burmc. 1 N.E.L? tho Philippinos

o.nd mor0 rocontly in Indo .... Chj_no., - thio sit-

uo. tion r:;1ving groc.t forco to tho slogcm

;.2. The extremely small numbe:cs of ruling

Europeans in rola tion to the large native

popula t:Lorni.

3. Japan as aggressor is a rJingle unifled

nation, whereas the defenders of the rogion

am from different na-tionn and speak cl.if-

ferent languages.

/4,. Japan 1 13 unifie\'. corn:rnt:.nioat:i.on fad.1:l.ties,

compared with the soattersd ancl poorly co-

::,

~ )>

0 ::r <' (D (f)

ord:inated ones o:C the various :Curopean powers

in tho area.

5. ,Japan I r:1 high ;1ora1e at homc:l. '.rl10 people : i

I I

~-·-·-c- ---=· ... ·'

DECLASSIFIED i Authority ALU.-1)<:&~3 i j

I 1

... 56 ..

believ0 wholoheartecUy in ,Japan I s misrlion

and. :m her abilJ. ty to win ~th0) war.

6. '.I.he complete psychological un:creparedness

of the United .States for the :war,

7. Amorica 1s distance from tho field of opera ...

tions is a psychological as well as a phyni-

cal asset to Japan.

[s. The serit':,n of defeate:: China has suffered

dur:tng the pa:3t deoado corn1tj.tutc, a J"apanose

strength. ,Japan occu1J:i.ed ;;10Gt of tho im-

tions of the interior•.

9. '.l'he cmmt:c:Le:::i of Latin America havo al·1ray13

borno the Dnitoc:l ,Sta te::_i a f::~rudge aD an over-

bearin{:; neighbor,

10, '.l'he long unprotGcted coa::d;;,: of 1:1any Lattn

Amed.can countries creato a fear o:t attack

that constituto,s a J·apanese a,sset.

1. The pr·e1:1t:i.ge of the Uni tE-Jcl. Sta toe in some

parts of ,SoutheaTL Ao:La. Lla.ny FD.i::Yl.nos

are will:Lng to J.ay down Uw:Lr 1:L vsr:i to p.r:1h

the Japrmese out of:' tho Ph:i.1:Lppines.

0 (D

Q.

5l u,

~ 0..

I 0 0:: s·

CD u,

8, :3' (D

z "' g ::,

~ )>

cl ::r ~-

J. J'apan' El arrogant policy rd:cwc hc:r con­

qu00 ts may bo C()UnterJ. on to hav0 disn ..

1upionocJ. many i,lala;;ran and Incl.oneoian nat:,.on~

al:Lsts who now wir.Jh to ,soc Japan dofoated.

Bru taJ. ]::Jol.icy in many conctuox·ed areao.

4. The 0ntranc0 o:f tho Unitocl. :Jtatos in tho

war and lond loa,so a:ld hiJ.VG ci von China

ptiyohological st:co~gth to cont:Lnuo :cesirit­

anco to Japan.

5. In tho Unitod States~ the w:JJJ. to LL7:ht~

onco a ttackod~ is g1.'oat. Japan E;J'.'Ot3tJ1y

psychology virhon sho a ttac:1<oc'J. Poarl Harbor.

6. Dosiro for l:l.borty i1rn" rcvonc;o on tho

part of thcJ morCJ ovo1voc1 c:d.omonts 1:11.wh arJ

tho F:Ui p:l.ncm ~ Eoroanr1 1 and, tho Thai.

7. Clono tior3 of' Latin--Amor:r.can republ:lc,s

vri th the ·µ ni tod Sta to B ~ and thcd.r fear

o:C Japanorrn fifthwco1unms q

As a r·esul t, of a rY:ries of r,.ov0:cnment roore;ani-

__ _.., .!.. .. '! _ .. _ -· _,_

work togothor in i3Uoh a way as to rodv.co i11co11-

:3fot(:mcy anc: 0011IT1.ot. This has : :won gr(• at

s trongth to hor pr.:4Ychologioal ;-rarfaro, :?art:Lon-

1a:tly in Southeant Ar.Jia.

1·.'hile tho varioun 1JranchuG of the r;ovornmont

:1..n Japan havo boon coordinated, thoro is ovi~

denco that theJ'.'O still oxist 5.nto:r .. •l:n.i.reaLl_CJ:'atfo

j eal.01.u=des, that th.(,l raC:1.5.o bJ."oadca.s te:rr.-1 do not

Japanoeo j_nt:,lltu;onco o.c dv:U:,J.ou have

j)rovon woak :Ln tlwiJ:' a.11.alyr:ws of Uni:toc1 hta,tos

and Latin Amo:dca, juct:in: iro,;i t1L inoptno;:,s

;;o (D -0 a 0. C

@ 0.

a 3 SC (D

C :::, ("")

OJ ~ ::H (D 0.

0 (D Q. Ol (/)

'i (/)

3 (D 0.

I 0 0: '5

(Q (/)

8, SC (D

z Ol g-

::11 :::, e,_

1•' )> ,, cl 1·' ::,- 111

~· ,, '

t'' I (/) ::1

1,1 II 1:il' ;]J1· [i., ,11 111 I''

i I, !

!I

,,. !11

!i!li:

!II 111

l'I,

ii I I.

- 59 -

APPSNDIX TO ANT-mx F

Show:ing Lack of Insight into Am0ri.can R0actions

The ,.JValuation of tho succosrsfulnoss of broadca13t matur:Lal.

is usut1lly hJft to tho individual opinion of 11 compoturrL obsdrvurs 11

who mny disagr00 wid0ly among tl1Gms0lvos. ThtJI'<;J iG considurablo

ngr0oment that Jap!mosu broadcasttJ.9 0spocially in tho 0arly months

of the war, woru poor from tho technical and propagandistic skmd­

point. Pursons who hav(;J hoard rrnch broadc.'.1::rts ind:Lcnte that th0

langw:tgo was oftun impurfuct, ,'.rnd attumpts at lmmor and drama

"harmny. '' Mor,;i :.l.mporttmt ~ porhaps, but c'.\'t thc.1 s,~md tim0 harder to

ovaluc.to aro inst,;1m~,Jl'l in wh1ch major propagc,ncla ths,;Jm0s w0r" ::io

illadv:i.s0c1ly tak,m ,ls to hcv0 0xc'.1ctly tha opposit0 0ffuct int,mck:d,

Tho follmring ar0 thought to b0 ox::.m1pl,~s of irnch th'3m0s:

1. Tolling Amur:icans that th,iy ,lr,::i soft, luxury-loving,

unwilling to sacr:i.f:Lco or to fight. Describing to .Amuricans from

Tokyo a supposud stntu of (,xtrd!Tts::J chu,os and panic oxisting ln

Amo:cic1.1, Acciw:Ln,'.s Amyrican troops of cowarcUcc, (Errors of this

gt1n,:iral natu:r0 21'1.J common to many bror.dcast0rs talking to dnomy

audionc0,s. Jt is '.:L truism that irwulting your audi,mco ns a whol0

is novor off0ct:Lve until that audiunc,,, if, nuar r,clr,l panic nnd can

be inciJ.uchid in tho actw:sl sph,Jru of mil:Ltory· opu:rat ioruJ.)

--~60 - SECRET snih•~l'f'll1'1< ..,.,,,.."I"-.._

hi~i wife and child ai1d to secure his own personal safety. F'rom

this light. 'r:he Japanese apparently m:i.ss0d th<;) .fact, however, that

to tho American audionco, the escape was a morale boost. This is a

typical example of expecting an enemy audience's vnlu1:Js to b,;i

similar to ono I s own.

J. 'I'ho extreme claimt'l o.f 11tot[1l annihilation" of American

naval forces which wore made aft~,r Pearl Harbor and after every

subsequent n1w~3,l er1gagomont, including Midway and the current

Solomons encountur, probably· negate some of the propaganda value·

of the genuine Japanesu victo:d.es. Such assort:iorn3 irrrrned:i.atuly

.fit into tho pop1.1lc,r Amuri.can stereotypo of' "propaganda., 11 whi1e

more quo.lif:i.dd cLrnoriptiorn, might woll .h,:1v,, been bc3lioved.

4. Othor p:rop,.igando. boners probably :include the allegations

of American atrociti0s, cspocially the Quezon murder w-h:Lch was so

complotely refuted. A genc,ral lack of humor, pres0nco of

inappropriati3 humor, and dullnuss nro also said to characteri:;:,e

J e,paneso broadcasts •

.Appond.0d ar0 excerpts .from For0ign Broadcast Monitoring

Sorvicu 11Quarter1y H0v:low 11 on Japt,neso p:rogr8J0s to America, and

excerpts from For(dgn Broadcast MonHor:i.ng S0rvic;o "Wookly Analysis 11

of Foreign broadc2,st s illustrating various of tho points ,iu;3t

;:a (1)

--0 a 0.. c:: @ 0..

a 3 S' (1)

C CJ Q.

~ 3 (1) 0.. ,,

0 (1)

Q.

el w 3 (1) 0..

I 0 0:: 5·

'55 ~ S' (1)

Z l' Ol g

i 11:

<' 111 ill 11

,,I

'I'

11:

1111

1, I,'

-61· ... SECRET

11 Quart0r1y Rov:l.on11 of tho Foroign Broo.,dcar:;t ___________ M_o_n_i_t_o_r_1_' n_g:::_·_fJ_e~r_vico of FCC 1 Covering from

Decombor 1, 19/41 to~1'Io.rch 1~ 19421 pp, '.31i.~~-

.Q~n,~2,,t_9J;:1,~u:t!t£.:tg,,r,i§j:,j._9~ g 'Xokyo' s broadcasts ·to North Arnorica aro.l> on tho Yihole, losfJ organized nnd shov1 Joss inoight than those. beamed to Pacif:Lo islandr3 and the Asirxtic continent• '£hero i~1 no suoeofHlful o,ccommoda:tion to 'the neods and habits of the typicr!.J. Am­orican lirJtonor, o:;ccopt porho.ps in ·tho co.so of tho 11 Prir3onorr:3 1 In-• formation So;:•vice, 11 Bocauso Americans are i:wcur3tom0d to taking a. certain amount o:f ontortainrnorrt:,, sub:tloty o.nd· humor \'1ith., th.oh' llpropagandc., 11 '.l'oLyo I s lmmorlot3fJ attacks on Amo:riocm loock,rp; vmuld rmt:.c.gon:Lzo all but tho mor:Jt anti-Adminisi,ro.t:l.on 1:i.stonors.

Rto\dio Tokyo hoB :u:ttlo if any rogc,rd for truthful roporting. Tho spor::Jrnrs l7ogulc~:r.ly cmd b1£mdJ.y cnnounco the capture of' mill tary objoctivos long in cdvance of tho actual cc,Irliuro, iJ.nd ovon :tn the c,bsonco of any CL:.pturo. It putr:, vro:rdr:: in tho mouthi:-J of Amo:dco.n loadorf:::, o.nd twist,s ovontr:i w:1.recogniz::;,,bly. It never cdmits "' ,Jc,po,neso dofoat or rJotbC\ck, and in tho four yoarr:i of vm.r in China tho ndmifJsions ovon of 11 plannod vr:'l:t;J:1drcwcJ.s 11 could probably bo counted on tho .fingers of one hm1d.. If tho broc.dcr:;s·t;i:J voro wc:,.tcheC::. v;:J:th this :in ~d.nd, tho:l .. r 1c,ck of ~~?llo.bility nnd cons:Lstoncy vrould loavo tho rad:.t.o opon to 21:mor:rL dmJ.y c:ountor~(fl,·tecl.ci. • • •

~1'!.§.9llfU1l9.f,~J,..J).1I.:;~,(;,..Q."J~gJ,::l,.o;ki.9Jl; Tho b:ror/1.casts m:'tJ ofton hancUod slopp:Lly from c1 puroly moolmnical point o:L' viovr. Progrctm~i ,~re rJhit'.tod to di:fforont rcrnhodulois and froquoncJ.oi:i '\7ithout p:rov:1.-oUl.3 not:Loo, 'I'ho Eipockorr:1 tm:ib1o ovor tho:ir 1:i.no,:i c.[l though thoy hc1d no_vor rohoccrr:iod. Oft.on tho English j_.:::, vory poor~ both in pro~• nunc:iction ;:31d 2;n:.',fili1.1.Ctl'. Dozonrj of corn:plotoly dif:foront :nows it.oms e,:ro crov1dod :i.nto ow.ell nor: bro:.·.dc~\ct c10 tho listonor i1cJ L'-p·l; to carry ,:c1Jrcy no t3pocif:i.c c1or·,rly•-.i.~omonbored :Lnformc;t:l.cm.. Po:d1qx1 tho borrt.

. th:1:nc thc;t cr.n bo s :\.1:;,d for thu mo ch.:.,n..:l.ci:-i of ,J c.pc:~no ~10 broc.dcc.\stD to North Amo:r:'i.cc. :Ls t,h(.,;L tho trmwrnj_t,torr:: oporcto on ::3uch pmmr:f:'ul ,;:,wo .... J.ongth,:i the;[; thoy ccn bo rocc:i,vod on ordinary rihor·t, ... vmvo ecttachmon'tr3, i:'.t locr::rt on tho Wost Co,:.,st.

;;o (D tl

a 0.. C @ 0..

a 3 3' (D

C ::, ("")

0) en en 3i (D 0..

0 (D I 0 I 0) en i en 3i (D 0..

I 0 0:: 5· (0 en s, 3' (D

z Ol g ::, i ~ )>

ii ' ::r ~-en

Bxo0i~pt1j f:rom n-(1\fookJ.y .f.,na.J.yn:i.rs of 0:Cf:i.o:inl Ji'oro:Lgn Bron.doo.stG II of U10 Ii'o:roign Broncl.cc.st

------------,-----~ -- -fvh::mt.tul'".tng-~orv~i.co75J;'-li'f,

Dooombor 18

'.['ho stup:LcU.ty of tho /;.morioC\l:l mili t:ctry commc.nd :Ls dwolt on. 1:d.l storios ccro rolcvtocl o:f:' L:rno:ricnn fo:roos shootin1; down thoi:r own pLu10r1 0 k:i.lling thoir own men, sinld.ng thoir own bocvts. Ll!lorioc:rw nro o:ry:i.ng ·with N.\o voice, 11Vvho:ro arc ou:r i'nmous dofonso ::i? 11 11Yi/hy c.ro w0 such ucr3y murks :f'or tho ,Jo.pt~noso 3

11 11L win tor o.f di1rnontont :Ls sottl:Lng down ovo:r /,rncrion. 11

Tokyo roportr:; thcd: Lmorfoo.n scd.lors on frc;ir.;htors pl;y:i.nc; botvmon. North end South i..mor:Lcn cu'o g;0ing on ,3tr·:i.ko 11 to tho grcc;t ornbt,r:rcL~lS"" m0trb of /,mod.cc-11 rncu·inc.J uuthoritios. '1 Tho sd.lors c.ro s::;ying ~ nvfo don 1 ·t wnnt to risk our livo,0 by nc.vigcd:ing the dcmgu:rous ;,mod.oo.n const undor tho un.:roliablo protoction of tho 1@.odo(~l'.\ Nt1,vy.

1'ho o. tmos;phoro in Lmor:1.co. 1s 0110 o:f' ni[~lrbmn:rish, hysto:ricc~l ins i.nco:ri ty booo.uso ;.,mo:d.cnns, J.iko tho F'ronoh 9 t'.ro unvdll:i.ng to gi vo up tho ir ovu rydo y l u:x;ud.o 1,.

lJ:o.roh E5

Ho.lplossnosEJ o.f so~•cc,llod dornocrc.cJ.os c~t 1'v£.\r •••• one of tho mo.jor. oviJ.1., ••• in Lmorio[\ 113

11:r:d.:x:cid r:::cfr.l str:::in 11 vrhich m:i.1:L·tates.: c,gc.hH3t un:i·ty nnc':. comr10nc.J.·cy of purposo 9 ~ • P soft living, ns Tokyo putr, it, ic nnothor doop··cwc.tod souroo of j:,mor:Lonn wonkr.\os,.1. Tho dofondcrs of Wnkc who l:Lvod :Ln tho lnp of luxury in [\ form:Lckbly oquippod fc:rtrc1ss rrnr:rond.orod rnookly r,ftor resisting only ono dny.

L;c.:rch 12 ~··s...·.,i.. ,.._~~"''''~

I ·, •• • '" "·' "' • t·]· ' 11 'bl ,. k ·' · ··, 11 b ·· • 1• ""(· • t · ·'( "rr • ·~ '' .L • . ,tr\Cl lC,,.XJ, C}. .. 1.mo,,' .1(, •.. c\O ,., crim,.. GlDl~ porpu ,], 0. UC. ,~bC .. L.l,s, \,

120~000 :i.nnocont Jc,pnnofrn c,nd Ni.soi on tho rtost Cor.\st :Ls of':f':Loiallv ,, 0ondomnod by ec ,:Jpoko1:1mnn of tho Board of' Informc, ti<llr.1 who Ewizos tho ?Pi?ortunity to oxpross thoi:r 11hcart-fo1t s;ympnthyn for th: .. , victims of 11mo:riocm xonophob:l.C''° Tokyo oontrnsts its own poJ.ic:v tovmrd o:i.vil:i.cms

;:o (D u a Cl. C

f,3 Cl. -a 3 SC (D

C :::, Q. Ol

~-=t, ! (D Cl.

0 (D

Q.

m (/j

~ (D Cl.

I 0 a: ::S"

<Cl (/j

8, SC (D

z i. Ol g-' ! :::,

2'. )>

g. <. (D (/j

• • OV'O

Fo.roh 26

Nichi-Niohi oditoric.l on :-2iof<JL1·d.-st11 d0struotion

of their bloom:i.i.1r.~• 11

Ii'larch 26

... 63 .. SECim'.f.1

·11hystorionl ••• wnnton • • • bruh:,,l o.f i;ho J~;pcmoso chorry blofJeoms 11 on tho

11A bunch of suokorn 11: Tokyo dosori1Jos tfacli.rthu:r I s oscC\po ns·

boi111~ o. grcc.i; blow· to tho :rcmk o.nd f:Llo of tho mon left uin th.) ,jl'\.WS

of deo.th 11 o.nd 11 dosortod in tho holl-holc of Jfatncn. n In ,kpc.n, l,inoricc.n J.istonors ctro ropontodly told, McwLrthur would bo oxoou·cod for d)c,ndon:i.ng his holploss c om:rrcdoG i.n thd.r hcur of g;rocitoE:t nood. '.f.'hc rc.dio puts on a, p1o.ylot, 01:,llod '~/:c.oli.rthur I s Lr1s·l; Sto.nd, 11 lcid in tho gonorc.1 1 s 11bcd1~ocrn~study 11 o:!; Corrog:i..dor, in vrhioh GcnoTo.1 c.·.nd Mrs. Mo.oL.rthur o.nd I-Ii1r,h Com:missiono:r i3r.'.yro o.11 plc.y ir:;nominious rolos • P:rod.dont C;.uozon, ·bho horo, trioG: to provc.il upon Muo/.rthur to stick to his porJt, but tho Gonorc.l ropJ.:i.os, 0 I 1m g;ottinc; out of' horo. 1/fo 1vc bocn n bunch of ,suc3kors :f.'or thoso blookhow.1s n t Wcu,hinp;to:n ••• ~, Sny, I 1·1ro got itJ '.rho dofonGo of tho Phi.lipninos will bo loft to tTonc.-cho.n F'°n:i.nvrr·:Lg:ht. Ho dosorvos tr.H:. t- 1l1onor, 1 tho re, t. I think l 1vo buon the cockoyod horo ,just :1 bit to(! lr.m:;;• 11 If Tokyo . hrrn its wr:y, Gonorr.,l Lic,oLd;l:.ur wiJ.l not long rornnin en tho podostnl where tho I..rnorioc.n po oplo he. vo plc;oo<l him9

Co.phirod Arnorioc.n soldiers c.ro c!.osoribc;d c.s toJ.J.ini~ nll in i::-.

· most unsoldiorly nc.nnor end mrJdn:t trcc,sonous noonfo~rnions 11 ooncornhw" V ~

· thoir prord.dont r:'.nd suporior officers• 11lunc.zing o.ro tho cUsolosuros of thoso ,so•·"Oc,llod horoorJ of. Bcd,C'cc,n. i!

0 <D

i v, i i ~ 0..

:r' 0 0:: 5· (0 (/)

8- , I

S: I I <D z §: 0 ::,

~ )>

g. <' Bl

OWi

/ " PRIVATE OFFICIAL AGENCIES FUNCTIONS

Possible .Orqa~ization for 1

(Cor;,tuJpdnd1 · to" Seo.bnil - --- JOINT CHIE

OF STAFF:

JPW acting as

Psych.Warfare PLANN I

Psych. Warfare PROPAGANDA and OPE RAT IONS

STAFF

* Onf11 those branches and acfivitie5 . h l , " i warlar-e, concerned wdh jJ5lfC o O~fl ca .I'

;;a {!l a 0. C

@ 0.

a 3 5' (0

C :::J C,

~ ~ 0. -0 (0 0 ill en ~ I (0 0.

:c 0 0:: I

5· (0 en Sl, ::r I (0

z g. :::J ~

. )>

g. fl 1

. ~ .,

• I

- •• - . - .C -------··-,~--.-~---"" - - I DECLASSIFIED '

Authority ~~3

ONl,MIS,A·2 NAI, F BMS, F Bl, etc.

j i

I

Existing Orgqnization of Agencies concerned with Psychologi,cal 1Warfa1-.u.s.

,------+---------~----------~ JOINT CHIEFS

OF STAFF WAR DEPT.

r • -- - -. - -- - - •• - - •• - •••• ~ I I

I 'r I : OTHER uOV BRANCHES OF 1

I SERV"E to VARIOUS AGENCIES : : e.y. I

: LENl>-LEASE • FBMS. FBI I I I 1...----------- - - - - - - _,

NAVY DEPT.

,-..------ -- -- - - - - - -- --- -- ---- - - - -1

: AGENCIES OUTSIDE GOVERNMENT-es;ec/ally i : /v,tllo ( CBS, N.BC: WORLP Bl?OAOCASTINq etc) I L-------·------·--------------J

OWi

: . [. A!!~~~!~~~~3 LE6ENI) ..

- Lines ol 'ITmiJr=~--------r11

- - - _ _ Line) pf Senict or Re,Pl't.fe1rl111iM I

Or9aniz(Jt ion of Propaganda Agen, ~s -.1/

I NA'ZI PAR.TY

c,l !t~t::':f:,~1~1:. (b) tfl!f~1tifJie1f'''• 1.-&. (/Jfit•t~Klifl.«1«Ntrits:

\t,tt~u.'tt~,.,nu. i. w, ... ~. ..:,~, II, A,,Hi

:t{...1d;:t't~ ~:=:l~1 .. :~=joft.ilturc

'"·f'"''""" ½t : ~ tt:iAtn:!M ~ 1;:::J:~td

1 uJ ka.f.ar111, ·1JMM11til1t1, Aito-11«

(Cl llPft,iANDII l€AOER.

(Dl ClHIEfl Of ,ms ?uti" ~•u 'D<pt.

\ll lA@PWNIZATION <NSIOl

?,,ti" P,,11 ~p,op,94,J.i

(fl ~ l€Rli£P-

(GI JU!i!s,b,L L£Ml1HI ..

I,'~ ",f,Jl""'"''''· 1. -f',JQ ,.J!.~fi'!:J 't.w :l. 7'rf~.tll Orff,u'11.fi01tl,

(HI Wn! LEAlllR, . .l,,tl,ij-A°~. 'l,,1/1• )dirit«s

; Y.l ST~IJQ,IT L£AD;11, kll"il 7,,.1,, Qf/itt

FOREIGN PROPAGANDA AG{ ]l f0R£16N OFFICE (Ribbontrop) m .PROPAGANDA MINISTR.Y m: R.EIC!.H GOY£R.NM£NT Y LAl!>OR. FR.ONT

(Al nrnrl\AL ORGANIZATION 1, Jutu,11 ll ~ Wl't;L S~ut,.&uttnt

£ur11pl, 2 Sttti01LJJ1.~1Jr1t,u11 and.

~.yuq.t11daall4 ?01111,t 'Jrp.l/1t.

IA\ INTERIOR MINISTRY Dept of l11119r•t1on

I &IMINISTRY!f~ tAt Amtrfou.

J. £1t.ttw1 t.u.r11pt, £act ~Ha

Jll,JliVJ,o m:--pr,u V-?llm.s illl· Cou11terpropo,fll/ULI., ~1rJ:c:{o;:~eds

,t, s&t~'t~"r:J PoWt,'l:~" o/ 6, Stct,on p. press,

'toreiqnpmsgt.ctio1t

lll t.llR£AU IUM>£NTIU>P

(Cl CHIEF of l'OUIGII OI-GANllATIONS ( /rt co•optrA:tton. wtth fhe 9om;n.

Or9a11lu.t,01t of tu]h.rtg. J

(DI DIPLOMATIC\ ll!ONSUlA~ l!OP.PS

l E I 11£1\!.N Off~ of fOlllGN TlAD£

l fl GUMANO,!PIMN 00/MIISSION

<f:::S,«:~t'~l~~~ i·t!~'. ""1i CWohr1.1tc.lt,t.0Wcloud.)

I NA'Z.I PAA.TY

< /11 J'WPAGANDA LEADER (Or,Gool.1,,1,)

1 o,pt ~ .Act1l'e Prop,111Ja. 1 Dept. of ,ZiadtO l Dept of ]1ll'lt i. Dept. of Culture. s 'Dept, of pri,spropaqanda. l, Dept. of Jptulttr•m~temtl. 1 Retdim11,;.:+'frop(llJllllda.

<&><lHIEF OF PRESS (Dr,Oi1trich) I, Dept. of p,mpo«ttci. 2 1~10,,,,1111011 f-lltwi Saiuts. 3, pms,pot,ttcal Appa.r4tll.~

lC\ INT£LLE<!TUAL oftd PHILOSOPHIC.AL EOUC.ATION l Alfrtd kosonb<<gl

1. Vtpt cf'lducatHIII• 1 p.l1/4$opJ11w.( l11/orrr10.t10Jf l Dtpt of History i. Cu.ttcvo.tion ot Art: a. CuU,vo.tton of .C.dera.ture ,. Cu.It, vat ion <>f ~'l!uirtces 1. Dept. of /Vo,Jic Questu,11r

U)UIORM·T~OOPS ( Viktor LUhol

~. ~e:',t 1 ~;/J'o~f°,t/,f/rtOit J. 12w:A leader Schoo(,, mu,uch i, R14Lona.t [eo.der Scltool, Dresden.

lEl ELITE GUAR.D (H,inrich H1mml1rl

1 T>tnt of Race t Settlement 2. Dept. o( Domert,c Seeunty · 3.[taduSch~ls

!fl YOUTH LE~DER. (&aid,,"" Sch;,.cl, l

gect,on S - !'Ju11at,01t P - Press t. PNpa9anda. 1" - lla-,ho ,· E - SPorts ·~ H -Jlo,tels

1!,lJUDICllAL LEADER. 1 . .AU.,a.,ue o/ ~erfll.u1Juri,ts '.I: .AC11Jtmlj ,f qe,,,w.11 /;UV

IHI STUDENT LEADER. 1, Set!t,011 I - fol,t1Co.l eductl.tlon,.

Stet,011 V· tnl,~'1lexme,tl: .,1.nd Prop.i~1111Ja.

'2 .AJJ.1.i11ce of ftude.n,t, 11) fdu,cat~Olf

DOMESTIC PROPA7

][ PR.OPAGANDA MINISTRY m REICM GOVERNMENT

I Al Q.ENTRAL ORGANllATION Se&1on.

,n. pnp19a11da.. m · l;altro. IY· press V .']tlm~ m.'JhfJllte,.mui,c.tJrehts III 'Prt11tnt,veprop(J//a11~a..

l &l SU&OlVISIONS I 31~e91011a.(Ol/tces. 1 Clram6er o/ Cu/lure 3 9trmo.n ,lca,JemlJ o/ Pold,~1

1 A I I NH~IOk MINIST~Y lDr. frie,I

1. Dtpt of IMtrPo/J.tiCS · 'l., 'Dept.of qumin '}olJ.OOm. .), Dtf)t (I/ tdutatt1m,S'M~W.

a11:d $pert$. ,t.AJw1tro11Jutc.eStudw. s. Mmous fatnllf,t OrganaaiwAr.

(.!}_ MIN:,t AGklCULTURE J_D<ilorri)

1. P"ldwil )djutant. :z. De,>t.. of ~~ral?r~Jit,ottr

a11:d puwtt ll>lo'trsdiU, .> pr~pa,-1an~a 'I pre,s

(!! I MINISTRY !f SCIENCES IRuill

- Germany

. l 11 STYD&Nr&

. 9"IIOH II • ?,,119• fu,,.,

~lJUl'JSTS - . fJr/oJ<dl o( U, d"IUfly

<I -t,.w

1I HleH <!OMMANO ,f Ill, AP>IED JI CORIPRAI. TIONS ,f \I,, PU&l.Kl

F001£1 ( f11Jd 1'\orwl Koit,\)

;a {g a 0. C

@ 0.

a 3 9' (D

C ;;;J 0-

[ ~ 0.

Principal Psychological Wo .· (Broad0'·1

FA5CIST PARTY (a::11,.oad)

Fasci all 'Estero ( birecl·in9 Qc/-ivisf leoders)

Associazione Nazionale Combaffenti

( NtJlionol e1ssoc1qfion of veferanr)

Doeolavoro (Recreafion and Social -

Ii Im, r,ul/o, prinf, efc" i11 coop_er11lion wifh Minisfrv of Popv/a,. Cvltv,e)

Opera Nazionale Bali Ila (Milifarisfic yovfh or9aniurlio11)

Fascist Militia {L(,lr9ely in lfol'I)

Opera Volentq ria R.epressione Anfi-F11s-c,~frJ-OJ/~A (Secref pfJh'ce domin1,1let/ /Jy Gerfapo)

MINISTRY of POPULAR CULTURE

Special bureaus fo control and/or operate companies associ oti on~ etc., 1111~'1 respect to i Press

Home Stefani Aqenc~

Radio Home and abroad

Films Publications

( Cooperation with Minislr'I tJf Etlvco/il)'I'!)

Cultural Sociefies Domed,c (leq/'ned, orllsl/c, efc.) Forei9n, especit1/lt1,

Ponte Ali9hieriSodel'I Cose d' /t1,1/it1

lntell iqence Section~ on .-·. /lcfivifies ol ltolit1»11,1orot1tl

· Cooperation with Armed Farce

;:o ~ a 0.

§ 0.

a 3 S' (D

C ::, 0

ies-lialy [ (D CL -0 ~

fl

\tPtt,111 VRlllttr rt(I/ alf1Jirs:

/1111111111J'/r, ' n,/h>t~ 1tc. ,:_

3 (D

0. '

l 'I • ' ~ ~ 1

ARMED FORCES (An1tl/,Hav!f,Ai, ! ! S' I I (D "'' z

II ssisted lly Afinistrr ol §° 1i 'Po1,1,1lAr Culture in · ~ : (a) Morale-/)111'/tlin9. a11t/ §:

:. i11doctrinalio11 activities m i (b} Comb1,1t propat/_tlHdt:1 1.

Alto 1,1ssidet:1 Jr._ Ft:1rc1°GI f>arl,,_ : . . (espqc1q//11. "f)opolavoro . 1 perronnei) /or Yetret1lioH ' ant( soci'a/ 1,1cliv1'tz'es

,.eenct'es lnte91;4ted into to1ical W~,jare Ztlork

,· I

·r(°/Jle !t~lia11 off1~en, le'!tle_r.t, etc., IYertifte~ ft1tfor1er1 p11s_1nt_ff C,Y-011•

()I" rrn_t11c11/e~ 1Jr11kt, thl/JP.'.:f, 4J1R . . , 1 ,~r::;;r::t':r:1[· tr~ ~~'cLfssiiiE~ £:"~- -.· I

'()t>/l)fe Fq_scjrf J)d_rll{;), Authority A/AJ r:§1}&~3 r fhe Af1111st,11 ~I Po,~·- .. I

~$/)as-rcloum.4/I tJrtler.r t11ttlit~s ·11·

nfla tltrbztfh fh,e headr cl' /here . · bo11t:. ;I

I 11

I I I

Principal Psychological Warfare A ( 1Jroad Outline) t

IMPERIAL HfADQOARTERS

PREMIER I

R. • BOARD of INFORMATION ._ ___ J'\. _____ p...:r-~ (Coordinating Body)

L--.--r-" ~-41:-- I I I

lnfelli9enc Spokesman Combat

Propa9,rndt1

._____. 4 I \ <t/ I I /nfelli9ence

Spoke>man Combat 1'ro;x1fa11da

/ / I -DE_P_T. :;.._o~- / \

HOME AFFAIRS / I l . / \

Cen>~lh',P / \ Co,1lrols:

? •

Press / \ / I / I I \ / I / I

R.el/9/ot1 School JQpc111e~e,

0.'

/ [ //llomi11ai Priv,:ife Ory I 1-"'----r' _______ ----------------~---------_-_-__:-,:..-_ _,

BJ.ACK t>R.AGON dnd

SIMILAR ~0CIETIES

DOMEI (news)

I

,\ l>EPT. o~ .... --. ovunis AFFAIR.r

~-~----r----, ., \

r---='-----....::- I INTERNATIONAi.

$TUl>ENl'S ASSOCIATl()N

�­•••

•

SECRET

The symbols shown on tho charts of United StateD Organizations

stand for the following agencfos:

(2916)

BE\/J' ..... Board of Economic Warf are CIAJ. ... Coordinator of Intor-1\.merican Affairs FBI - Federal Bureau of InvestigationFBMS - Foreign Broadcai:,t Monitoring Service,, FCC.FN .... Foreign Nationalities Br1:1nch., OSS JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff JIC Joint Intelligence Committee �TPVJC ,Joint Psychological Warfare Co.rrunHtee JSP ,Joint .staff Planners MIS - Militar;y Intelligence Service, G-2.ONI .... Office of Naval Intelligence OSS Office of Strategic Services OvVI Office of Vlar Information PWB PsychoJ.ogic Warfare Branch, G-2 PW Unit .... Psychological Warfare Unit R & A - Research and J.nalysis Branch, OSSSSB - Special Service Branchi OSS,%/B) - Special f,ctivities, OSuSA/G) WIPC . .... i'Jar Information Policy Committoe

0 (D Q.

� C/J 3 (D 0. I 0 0: ':S'

(Cl C/J

8,

::f (D z Ol

§ �)>

g. �-

I\

DECLASSiFIED- -- -I

Autp.ority A.lL\.L\)2�3 . j