How to Broaden How to Broaden Our Horizon---SimOur Horizon---Simply Readply Read

VocabularyVocabulary1. 1. researcherresearcher n.n. [C] [C] 研究員研究員

research research nn.. [U] [U] 研究 研究 vv. [T] . [T] 研究研究

例： The researcher is doing research on cancer.例： My brother has been researching UFOs for years.

2. 2. experiment experiment n.n. [C] [C] 實驗實驗

例： The experiment was done by a group of scientists.

例： This room was previously used as a spare bedroom.

3. previously adv. 先前

4. regular 4. regular adj.adj. 一般的；規律一般的；規律的的 例：例： I bought a regular size I bought a regular size

T-shirt, rather than extra large.T-shirt, rather than extra large.

•例： Keeping regular hours is

an important part of a healthy lifestyle.

5. 5. universityuniversity nn. [C] . [C] 大學 大學

例： Ted doesn’t plan to go to university after graduating from senior high school.

例： This room was previously used as a spare bedroom.

6. expect v. [T] 期待

7. 7. improvement improvement n.n.[U][U] 進步進步 improve improve v.v. [T] [T] 使提升；改使提升；改

進進例： You did OK on your report, but there’s still room for improvement.例： You really should work harder to improve your English.

Idioms and PhrasesIdioms and Phrases1. 1. in additionin addition also also 此外此外例：例： My father speaks English. In addiMy father speaks English. In addi

tion, he speaks French and Spanish.tion, he speaks French and Spanish.

2.play a(n) .. role in.. 在 .. 扮演 .. 角色例： Parents play an important role in a child’s early life.

3.3. over and over againover and over again 一再一再地；再三地地；再三地

例：例： If you want to win the speech cIf you want to win the speech contest, you have to practice your sontest, you have to practice your speech over and over again.peech over and over again.

4. in short 總之；簡言之例： Your plan will cost too much and take too long. In short, it is not a good plan.

Getting StartedGetting Started 1. Check the kinds of English materials 1. Check the kinds of English materials

you have read you have read textbooks textbooks letters letters web web

pages pages short stories short stories e-mails e-mails magazines magazines comic books comic books text text messages messages menus menus newspapers newspapers maps maps fliers ( ) others: _____fliers ( ) others: _____

2. Do you think reading these materials 2. Do you think reading these materials helps you improve your English?helps you improve your English?

ReadingReading In the mid-1990s, two language In the mid-1990s, two language

researchers did an interesting researchers did an interesting experiment with a group of experiment with a group of English-language students in English-language students in Japan. These students were Japan. These students were retaking the English courses retaking the English courses theythey had previously failed. On had previously failed. On language tests, these students language tests, these students were far behind the regular were far behind the regular university studentsuniversity students. .

At the end of the semester, the At the end of the semester, the students took another language test students took another language test and the results were surprising. In and the results were surprising. In just one semester, the students in just one semester, the students in the special class had improved so the special class had improved so much that their scores on the new much that their scores on the new test were almost as high as those of test were almost as high as those of the regular English students.the regular English students.

In addition, these students, wIn addition, these students, who had been afraid of English,startho had been afraid of English,started to enjoy the class.ed to enjoy the class. What was this “secret method” What was this “secret method”

that produced such surprising resultthat produced such surprising results with these previously reluctant lears with these previously reluctant learners? The class was an extensive reners? The class was an extensive reading course. Extensive reading is siading course. Extensive reading is simply reading a lot of English at a faimply reading a lot of English at a fairly easy level. The students in the crly easy level. The students in the course spent almost all of their class tourse spent almost all of their class time simply reading enjoyable booksime simply reading enjoyable books..

In study after study, researcherIn study after study, researchers are finding that extensive reading s are finding that extensive reading can play a big role in language learncan play a big role in language learning success. In fact, one study founing success. In fact, one study found that reading for pleasure and seekd that reading for pleasure and seeking opportunities to read in English ing opportunities to read in English are the two factors most strongly relare the two factors most strongly related to successful language learninated to successful language learning.g.

Extensive reading allows students Extensive reading allows students to see the language in context over and to see the language in context over and over again, giving them the exposure over again, giving them the exposure they need to understand, organize, they need to understand, organize, remember, and use it. It builds remember, and use it. It builds vocabulary and grammar knowledge. vocabulary and grammar knowledge. In short, extensive reading provides a In short, extensive reading provides a very strong foundation for all language very strong foundation for all language skillskill.. ─ an extract from “Simply Read,” ─ an extract from “Simply Read,” Essential ReadingEssential Reading, copyright © Scott Miles , copyright © Scott Miles 2008,2008,reprinted by permission of Macmillan reprinted by permission of Macmillan Education.Education.

Extensive reading allows students Extensive reading allows students to see the language in context over and to see the language in context over and over again, giving them the exposure over again, giving them the exposure they need to understand, organize, they need to understand, organize, remember, and use it. It builds remember, and use it. It builds vocabulary and grammar knowledge. vocabulary and grammar knowledge. In short, extensive reading provides a In short, extensive reading provides a very strong foundation for all language very strong foundation for all language skillskill.. ─ an extract from “Simply Read,” ─ an extract from “Simply Read,” Essential ReadingEssential Reading, copyright © Scott Miles , copyright © Scott Miles 2008,2008,reprinted by permission of Macmillan reprinted by permission of Macmillan Education.Education.

Comprehension CheckComprehension Check Choose the main idea of the article.Choose the main idea of the article.(A) It takes hard work to learn English successfully.(A) It takes hard work to learn English successfully.(B) Reading is the first language skill everyone develops.(B) Reading is the first language skill everyone develops.(C) Extensive reading helps students to learn English.(C) Extensive reading helps students to learn English.

Mark each statement with T (True) or F (False).Mark each statement with T (True) or F (False).1. The experiment was conducted with Japanese 1. The experiment was conducted with Japanese

students.students.2. The students in the experiment didn’t like studying 2. The students in the experiment didn’t like studying

English at first.English at first.3. The students were asked to read difficult books in the 3. The students were asked to read difficult books in the

class. class. 4. The students improved their English just by reading a 4. The students improved their English just by reading a

lot.lot.5. Extensive reading can help improve all language skills.5. Extensive reading can help improve all language skills.

GRAMMAR FOCUSGRAMMAR FOCUSI. N(P), who…

Examples:

1.These students, who had been afraid of English, started to enjoy the class.

2.Yesterday at the supermarket I met Mr. Golden, who is our new English teacher.

Examples:

1.These students, who had been afraid of English, started to enjoy the class.

2.Yesterday at the supermarket I met Mr. Golden, who is our new English teacher.

Exercise A:Exercise A: The following are descriptions of the new friends KThe following are descriptions of the new friends Karen has made in her English class. Rewrite the senaren has made in her English class. Rewrite the sentences using the pattern above, making the second tences using the pattern above, making the second sentence into a relative clause.sentence into a relative clause.

1.Lisa can speak English very well Lisa used to live in Singapore. _

_________________________ __________________________

Lisa, who used to live in Singapore,can speak English very well.

2. Harry can sing many English 2. Harry can sing many English songs. Harry is the lead singersongs. Harry is the lead singer in our school band. in our school band. ________________________________________________________

3. Teresa always gets high 3. Teresa always gets high scores on her English tests. scores on her English tests. Teresa studies very hard.Teresa studies very hard. ______________________________________________________________

Harry,who is the lead singer in our school band, can sing many English songs.

Teresa , who studies very hard ,always gets high scores on her English tests.

5. My best friend in the class is 5. My best friend in the class is Paul. Paul often helps me with the Paul. Paul often helps me with the problems I have in English.problems I have in English.______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. David dislikes studying English. David has failed his English exam several times.____________________________David, who has failed his English exam

several times ,dislikes studying English.

My best friend in the class is Paul, who often helps me with the problems I have in English.

Exercise B:

Complete each sentence on the next page by adding more information based on what you see in the pictures. Add punctuation marks if necessary.Then explain whether you have used a restrictive or a non-restrictiverelative clause. The first one has been done for you.

1.Every Sunday I call my father, who is working in Shanghai right now.

2.Yesterday I got a letter from one of my cousins

3. Lucy is babysitting for Mr. and Mrs. Roberts

, who is traveling

in Africa right now

, who are attending a concert tonight

II. Past Perfect (had + p.p.)

Examples1. These students were retaking the English courses they had previously failed.2. Before she was a famous writer, J. K. Rowling had worked as an English teacher.

,

Practice APractice AComplete the following sentences using the Complete the following sentences using the past tense or the past perfect tense past tense or the past perfect tense of the verbs given in parentheses.of the verbs given in parentheses.

1. When I _________ (arrive) home last night, I found that my parents __________ (go) to bed.

2. Jeff ___________ (work) at several part-time jobs by the time he ____________ (graduate) from college.

2. Jeff ___________ (work) at several part-time jobs by the time he ____________ (graduate) from college.

arrived

had gone

had worked

graduated

had lefthad left3.The train _________ (leave) by the time I _______ (get) to the station.4.Rose ___________ (not study) Chinese before she _______ (come) to Taiwan.5.Jessie ___ (be) unable to get into the house because she ______ (forget) to bring her keys.

got

came

hadn’t studied

was

had forgot