Animals-heterotrophs, multi-cellular, eukaryotes-no cell walls

Vocab• Invertebrates- no backbone, 95% of all animals• Vertebrates- backbone

• Motile- free moving, most animals are motile for some part of their life

• Sessile- permanently attached

• Herbivore- plants• Carnivores- meat• Omnivore- both• Detrivore- decaying matter

Survival• Feeding- many options• Respiration- take in O2, give out CO2• Circulation- diffusion or a system• Excretion- remove ammonia• Response- nerves, ganglion (cluster of nerves)• Movement- muscles• Reproduction- most are sexual, some

hermaphrodites

Evolution- animals have become more complex• Radial Symmetry- body parts from a central point

• Bilateral- arranged in pairs on both sides, mirror image

Development• Fertilization > zygote > blastula > blastopore

(opening)• Protostome-becomes mouth• Deuterostome- becomes anus

Germ Layers• Endoderm- linings

of digestive & respiratory tract

• Mesoderm- muscles, circulatory, reproductive, excretory

• Ectoderm- sense organs, nerves, skin

26-2 Sponges- Phylum Porifera• Most ancient animals• Pores all over body• Sessile• No mouth, gut,

tissues, organ systems

• Asymmetrical body- walls around central cavity• Choanocytes/ collar cells- use flagella to move

water through • Osculum- opening at top, removes water• Pores- bring water in• Spongin-protein fibers• Spicules- spikes made of silicon dioxide

• Food: filter using choanocytes• Response: no nerves, produce toxins to prevent

predators• Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual• Hermaphrodites• Internal fertilization- carried by water to different sponge• Larva- immature stage, motile• Asexual- budding (part breaks off and makes new)• Gemmules- harsh conditions

Extras• Mutually beneficial to bacteria, algae, protists• Provide food in exchange for protection

• Spicules of sponge focus light for mutual organism (photosynthesis)

• Human uses: bath sponges, painters

26-3 Cnidarians• Soft-bodied, carniverous, under water• Cnidocytes- stinging cells on tentacles• Nematocyst- on each cnidocyte, poison filled darts

• Body: radial• Polyp- mouth is up, sessile, tentacles up, vase• Medusa- bell shaped, mouth down, motile

• Digestion: Gastrovascular cavity• Epidermis• Mesoglea• gastroderm

• Response: nerve net• Statocysts-detect gravity• Ocelli- eyespots

• Movement: hydrostatic skeleton- muscles• Jet propulsion

Reproduction: sexual & asexual

Polyps-budding• Are male or female• External

fertilization- meet in water

Groups1. Class Scyphozoa- Jellyfish• Mainly medusa

2. Class Hydrozoa- Hydras & Portuguese Man O War• Many polyps, no medusa stage

3. Class Anthozoa- Coral & Sea Anemones• Only polyps• 60% of energy is provided by photosynthetic algae living

inside

• Giant Jellyfish• http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0I-3wkH37w&feature=related

• Comb Jelly• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7WT81ukHZE

• Portuguese Man of War• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBdCpcapB0s

• Jellyfish Reproduction• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ct9KyLmnu0I

Coral Reefs• Coral reefs-HHMI• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_

ZfGIKiSwwQ&list=UUdofq4hHbT3ZDzgYUqsDd1A&index=1&utm_source=BioInteractive+News&utm_campaign=05ac6c5c0d-BioInteractive_News_Vol_3411_11_2014&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_98b2f5c6ba-05ac6c5c0d-69298381