~ Gx-£~L~~~~!up" DECEMBER

1966

REPAIRS are made to communications lines knocked down by faIIing trees at mile 88 on theStilwell Road in Burma. Shown are members of the 23rd Signal Heavy Construction Battalion.U.S. Army Signal Corps photo from Joseph L. Singleton.

2 EX.CBI ROUNDUP

SECONDCLASSpostage paid at Laurens. Iowa.

Neil L. Maurer Editor

George Miller• A requiem mass forGeorge Miller, 58, WorldWar II cryptographer andlongtime owner and opera.tor of Burlingame's ToyTown, was offered Novem-ber 11 at Our Lady of An.gels Church in Burlingame,Calif. Mr. Miller, born inLos Angeles, died in Can.yon Hospital, RedwoodCity.BeforeWorld War II, duringwhich he served in the In.dia.Burma Theater, he op-erated a stationery andnovelty store in San Fran.cisco. He is survived by hiswife and a daughter.

(From a San FranciscoExaminer clipping submit.ted by Ray Kirkpatrick,San Francisco, Calif.)

DECEMBER,1966

SUBSCRIPTIONRATEForeign: $5.00per Year

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Please Report Change of Address Immediately!Direct All Correspondence to

Ex-eBI RoundupLaurens, Iowa 50554

Vol. 21, No. 10

P. O. Box 125

$4.00per Year$7.50Two Years

Ex-CBI ROUNDUP, established 1946, is a reminiscing magazinepublished monthly except AUGUST and SEPTEMBER at 117South Third Street. Lll.urens, Iowa. by and for former membersof U. S. Units stationed in the China-Burma-India Theater dur-ing World War II. Ex-CBI Roundup is the official publicationof the China-Burma-India Veterans Association.

Letter FROM The Editor

• Our request last month for more original storiesor articles about CBI has produced results, and youwill be reading some of this material over the monthsahead. Undoubtedly there are others who will findtime to do a little writing for us. Remember, it's thistype of reading matter that makes Ex.CBI Roundupinteresting to CBlers.• This month's cover is a USAF photo of Lt. Paul J.Maurer, a member of the 9th Photographic Reconnais.sance Squadron, stepping into the cockpit of his Lock-heed F-5 at an air base in India. Until we receivedthis picture, we didn't know there were two Maurersin CBI!• India's problems seem to be getting bigger, ratherthan smaller, according to most Far East experts.Sometimes we wonder if the present form of govern.ment can survive. In our opinion the survival of Indiais of the utmost importance to the United States, andevery effort should be made to keep the country out ofCommunist hands.• Many subscribers are still failing to notify us ofaddress changes, and as a result copies are sent backat our expense. Don't forget, Post Office Departmentpolicy puts the burden on YOUto send prompt noti.fication . . . the old personal service that the depart-ment once gave is a thing of the past!• To one and all, our sincere best wishes for a MerryChristmas and a Happy New Year.DECEMBER,1966

Chorus in Assam• About February 1945myunit, the 18th General Hos-pital, stationed near Ledo,Assam, formed an a capel.la chorus, and I sang withit. We gave two public per.formances, the first at theOfficers Club, Margherita,Assam, and the second overthe Armed Forces RadioNetwork in Assam-bothshortly after our formation.I wonder whether any ofthe present readers of Ex-CBI Roundup heard us atthat time. Incidentally, Irecently had an auditionfor the Ted Mack OriginalAmateur Hour program onCBS television, on which Isang a military song fromNew Zealand which I learn.ed there in 1942.

A. AXELROD,Corp., Ret'd,Washington, D.C.

Cover to Cover• E n joy the magazinevery much and read it fromcover to cover. Keep up thegood work.

G. O. KRENZ,Paw Paw, Ill.

3

To the Editors

TWO-MAN SAWMILL was a typical sight in many parts ofIndia during World War II. Photo by Andrew Janko.

EX-CEI ROUNDUP

PAGE from Chinese and American calendar for October, 1943,carries notation, "Gone," in upper right corner. Submitted byMilton Klein.

faithful attenders, WilburHale. It was with deep sor-row that I received a callfrom Paul Burge, of FortWorth, that Wilbur Halepassed away in Tucson,Ariz., 4 October 1966. Pauland I attended the funeralservices in Dallas.

JOHN RUSIN,Fort Worth, Texas

Story of Ramgarh• Regarding the requestof Lewis W. Durham, Balti-more, Md., for informationon the paperback book,"Ramgarh; Now It Can BeTold," this is a 220-pagepictorial record of the Ram-garh Training Center. It isalso a record of the GI out-fits and personnel thatserved there. It was pub-lished in 1945 and madeavailable to Ramgarh per-sonnel at that time; believewe paid two rupees for it.I also believe it is the onlybook of its kind authorizedby the War Department. Itis excellent. I have my onecopy apd have only seenone other copy in thiscountry. The book is reoferred to many times in thebibliographical notes of thethree U.S. Army in WorldWar Two books, "TheChina-Burma-India The a-t e r."

RAY KIRKPATRICK,San Francisco, Calif.

reins both singing ( ? ) atthe top of their inebriatedvoices, "Silent Night, HolyNight?" This comical inci-dent of Allied co-operationbroke the gloom. We laugh-ed so hard and so long wehad to sit on the curb andget our breath. After that,Christmas Eve seemed a lotmore cheerful to us.

L. H. RUPPENTHAL,McPherson, Kans.

Wilbur Hale• A bit of sad news. Manyof the CBlers who have at.tended the CBI conventionswill remember one of the

Christmas 1943• As the afternoon woreon and Christmas Eve of1943, our second overseas,approached, Air Transportheadquarters in New Delhiwas deserted excepting forour Division Supply Officer,Col. Chas. R. Smith, andmyself. One could cut thegloom in the silent build-ing with a knife. Finally,the last signal for the daywas dispatched and, twohomesick Yanks, we walkeddown the long, quiet, chillyhalls past the sentry to theoutdoors. The winter sun, agreat orange-red ball, washalf an hour from settingin a clear sky. ColonelSmith suggested we take atum around Connaught Cir-cus for want of anythingbetter to do. As we leftQueensway, c r 0 sse d thestreet on which Davico'sconfectionery and restau-rant and the Cinema werelocated, and entered thewest portion of the com.pletely deserted Circle, acommotion startled us. Wecrossed a radiating streetjust ahead of an enteringtonga, pony at full gallop,driver sitting on and cling-ing to the shafts for dearlife and, standing in thecart, a campaign-hattedAnzac other. rank, with thewhip and a GI with the

4

------------------------To theEditors

NATIVE girls display friendly smiles for GIBurma. Photo by Milton Klein.

BUSINESS MAN spreads his merchandise on a sidewalk inCalcutta, looking for customers. Photo by William S. John-son.

5

visitors in

work. I have taken it for20 years, but have not seenone name from myoId out-fit, the 559th Co. D Sig.A.W. Anyone who knew mein CBI might remember mebetter by the name of"Rough-house."

JAMES BURl,Milbank, S.D.

Satisfied Subscriber• Congratulations on thesplendid job you are doing.

LESLIE F. KIPP,Appleton, Wis.

780th E.P.D. Reunion• Plans are already beingmade for the 1968 reunionto be held July 26.27 of thatyear in Detroit, Mich. Offi-cers elected this year atDallas are George Mel-drum, St. Clair Shores,Mich., president; AndrewBockman, Detroit, Mich.,first vice president; Wil-liam Montgomery, Dear-born, Mich., second vicepresident; Leonard Scho-manski, Dearborn, Mich.,third vice president; JohnBiondi, Buffalo, N.Y., sec-retary-treasurer; Harry A.Dollahite, Larchmont, N.Y.,assistant secretary- treasur-er and publicity director;Andrew K. Legere, Detroit,Mich., sergeant at arms;and E. C. Washburn, By-ram, Conn., chaplain. Wenow have 173 "old buddies"listed on the roster.

HARRY DOLLAHITE,22 Vanderburgh Ave.,Larchmont, N.Y.

Calling Detroiters• Anyone from the CBIgang that's in Detroit andvicinity is invited to callme (353-0638) and we'll gettogether. Would especiallylike to contact those fromthe 709 E.P.D.U., which wasmy outfit.

PERRY SCHWARTZ,17391 Bonstelle,Southfield, Mich.

20.Year Reader• Roundup is the onlymagazine read from coverto cover the same day itarrives. Keep up the good

Col. Pryor Retires• A commendation medalwas presented to Col. RogerC. Pryor at a special retire.ment ceremony held inOctober at Chanute AirForce Base, Ill., with themedal awarded by the basecom man d e r, Maj. Gen.James E. Roberts. ColonelPryor, a former member ofthe Flying Tigers, was aWorld War II ace and re-tired after 26 years of mili-tary service. During WorldWar II he served with the23rd Fighter Group, 14thAir Force, in China. As acommander of a fightersquadron of the SecondCommando Group in CEI,his plane was shot down in1945 and he was a prisonerof the Japanese in Ran.goon, Burma, until liberat-ed by the British. He holdsthe Distinguished FlyingCross with two Oak LeafClusters and the Air Medalwith three Oak Leaf Clus-ters. After a vacation of afew months, Colonel Pryorwill return to work as ad-ministrative general man-ager for a steel company inGulport, Miss.

(From a newspaper clip-ping submitted by RobertL. Gordon, Urbana, Ill.)

DECEMBER, 1966

CBI Sergeant Goes to Europe

Fred Friendly Interviews Patton(EDITOR'S NOTE: Back in 1945 a mem-

ber of the staff of Roundup, the India-Burma Theater newspaper, was MjSgt.Fred Friendly, who later became nation.ally known as president of CBS Newsand resigned that position only a fewmonths ago. One of Friendly's articlesthat many CBIers remember best is re-printed here, telling of his visit to theEuropean Theater and his experiencewith vodka and General Patton.)

European Theater of OperationsDear Gang:

My days as a sergeant are over andyou may never see me again, for I seemdestined to at least a year in the ETO'sbest guardhouse and a General CourtMartial. All this because of V.E Day andthe fact that General Patton's army metthe Ukranian army of Marshal Tolbuk-hin and the surge of Russian excitementand hospitality scooped up one dishevel.ed G.I. (me) into the midst of a lavishbanquet given to General Patton by theSoviets.

Even after I found myself thrown intothe very midst of some of the highestrank in the Allied armies, all might havebeen all right, even after I sat down atthe banquet table, if only the magnifi-cent Russians hadn't insisted on twistingmy wrist until I agreed to drink vodkawith them and therein, dear gang, liesthe saga of the fall of the young hickfrom the Orient who came to the ETOto cover the great show and lost allchances of ever winning that clasp forhis Good Conduct Medal.

If only that Russian colonel hadn't in-sisted on filling my G.!. canteen withvodka, there might have been a chance.Now all is lost.

You might as well know the gory de.tails. I was in Austria with an advancedelement of the Third Army. Incidentallyon my way up to the combat area I hadstopped at Third Army Headquarters andwas refused an interview with Pattonwhich I wanted to file for the Roundup.Then, suddenly, as we jeeped down a bat-tle-scarred dirt road near Linz, Austria,we found ourselves approaching a bridgecrossing the Danube. An MP officer toldus that the bridge and the entire high-way had been closed to all traffic for thenext few hours. Now it is common know-ledge in the Third Army that when aroad is closed "Old Blood and Guts" isin the area. Wanting to see the Generalbefore going back to the land of the Ben-gal tiger and the Burmese temples, Iasked how one could cross the Danube

6

and the MP captain thundered back,"Those are Russian troops on the otherend of the bridge. It'll take a letter fromEisenhower, Patton and Stalin to getyou over."

Well, we got across the bridge withinthe next hour, thanks to a Russian of.ficer, and were soon speeding down aroad lined with sturdy-looking Russiansoldiers and Soviet women guides whoflagged us on with red flags. Then sud.denly we saw an immense castle, heardthe fanfare of the General's march andfound ourselves almost in the center ofa ceremony and review being given bythe Russians for General Patton.

The Marshal and the General pinnedmedals on each other, their staffs weredecorated, a wounded Soviet soldier wasgiven the Legion of Merit, there was aparade and the ceremony was over. Asfar as I could see, the only person belowfield grade present was an Americanwoman, whom I thought was a corres.pondent, a General's aide, the driver ofour jeep and myself. Everything wouldhave been all right if we had left rightafter the ceremony, but as the Marshaland the General led the procession, wedecided we should at,Ieast see the insideof the castle, once occupied by DukeFranz Joseph. As the brass checked theirlacquered helmets, we kept ours on andcarried our weapons, expecting to leaveat any moment.

We watched with interest as our gen.erals joined the Russians in a visit tothe barber shop, where two Russian wo-men squirted some kind of liquid on theheads and faces of the staff and corpscomanders of one of the world's greatestarmies. Then the procession made itsway to the gigantic banquet hall, whichthe driver and I could not resist thetemptation of seeing. We watched withgreat admiration as a Soviet officer seat.ed the generals at the long banquet ta-ble by calling out, "General Patton,""Marshal Tolbukhin," ect.

Finally, all were seated and we twoG.I.'s, satisfied that all was under con.trol, started to leave the room when aRussian officer grabbed us by the armand insisted upon seating us at two ofthe empty chairs. This is my only de-fense--I honestly tried to tell the Russianwe did not belong there, but he couldn'tspeak English and I didn't speak Rus.sian, so to stop from making a scenewe agreed to sit down at the white-lin.ened table, abundant with caviar, her-ring, roast pig, olives, cakes, the fineRussian bread, and tiers of bottles con.

EX-CBI ROUNDUP

----------------Fred FriendlyInterviewsPatton

1

taining cognac, champagne, white wine,beer, and that most potent of all chemi-cals-vodka.

The Field Marshal began the proceed-ings by proposing a toast from the Rus-sian people to the Third American Armyand the American people. He did itthrough an interpreter who stood on achair behind him, and then it was "bot-toms up" with the vodka. No sooner hadwe retaken our seats than did GeneralPatton rise and begin a toast to the Rus-sians. As he spoke the waiters filled ourglasses. The General, in his familiar bat-tle dress, stood well over six feet tall andhis broad shoulders, tapering down to athin waist, made an impressive pictureagainst the background of 19th CenturyEuropean architecture. This time, as thetoast was completed, the Marshal andthe General drained their glasses andthen smashed them on the floor. Thiswas merely the beginning. The Marshaland the General and their respectivestaffs made numerous speeches andnumerous toasts and each one wascapped by a slug of that damned vodka.

The food began disappearing, almostas quickly as the wine, and the tempoof the party increased with every min-ute. There was a 40-piece Russian or-chestra and a glee club that ran thegamut, symphony to jazz, and reallytickled General Patton and the Yankswhen a Russian came out and sang "ThisIs the Army, Mr. Jones"-in Russian. Alovely Russian girl sang and danced sobeautifully that General Patton stood upand said, "This Bronze Star medal whichI got for taking Metz, with the help ofthe X Corps, I hereby present to thisRussian lady."

There was applause and, of course, atoast and the General experienced a lit-tle difficulty in getting the ribbon off,as did his aide who tried to help him,and it took quite a few attempts to getthe ribbon off Patton's chest and onto that of the young lady. Finally, whenit was done, Marshal Tolbukhin, con-queror of Rumania, Hungary and part ofAustria, not wishing to slight Americanwomanhood, stood up, removed one ofhis medals and called forward the youngYankee girl wearing O.Do's, who I stillthought was a journalist. In pinning themedal on this attractive woman, theMarshal stated that he was doing it as agesture to all the American women andthe superb work they had done in win-ning the war. All this, through an inter-preter, mind you, took some time. Thenhe pinned the medal on her Eisenhowerjacket, shook her hand and kissed heron both cheeks, which was General Pat-ton's cue to stand up and do the samething.

Now, I honestly believe that the cadets

DECEMBER, 1966

at West Point must get a course on howto hold their liquor. Our generals had todrink with the Russians, who are muchbetter vodka drinkers than we are, andthey really did Uncle Sam proud. You'dhave thought they were weaned on vod-ka. With me, it was different. You knowhow that Carew's gin affects me, andvodka is a hundred times more potent.I did not get drunk, but did become quiteuninhibited and became very daring. Ibegan working myself up the row ofgreat chairs until I found myself seatedbetween Marshal Tolbukhin and GeneralPatton. Yes, I got my interview.

When I gave the General a Chinesedollar as a souvenir, we decided to tearit in half and I even went so far as topromise the General that if he landed inChina I'd be there to interview him againand we'd glue the Chinese bill to-gether again. I asked him if he'd signmy half and he said only on the condi-tion that I'd sign his, and I was honoredto oblige. I suddenly realized that withenough points to get out of the Army, Iam now bound to stay in the Orient incase "Old Blood and Guts" gets there.

By the way, you will all be pleased toknow that the General paid our UncleJoe a great tribute and called him oneof the world's great generals. He wa1!.very proud of the fact that Stilwell hadbeen one of his instructors when he wasa cadet at the military 'academy.

No matter what happens to me now, Ishall always remember the great spiritof friendship and understanding whichexisted when the two mighty leaders satdown to know each other bettter. I thinkit must have been one of the world'smost successful parties and I'm just assure that the Third Army generals arenow asking each other, "Who the hellwere those two G.I's at the back of theroom?" I don't think they'd ever findout, except that General Patton has thatdamned half of a Chinese bill with mysignature on it.

Cordially,M/Sgt. Fred Friendly,

P.S. That American girl who got themedal was Doris Duke-malum?

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7

Critical Food Shortage Threatens India

The Reapers Are ~anyBy DARRYL L. HUNT, M.M.

Reprinted from Maryknoll

Ten time zone hours from Thanks-giving turkey in New York, full grownadults in the State of Kerala, India, re-receive a day's meager rice ration offive ounces, scarcely enough to fill thecorner of an envelope. In New Delhiadults are limited to four and a halfpounds of food grains a week. Childrenreceive only half of that.

India, where the cow is sacred andfood scarce, casts a more emaciatedshadow this year. One of the worst foodshortages in 70 years threatens 45 mil.lion people with starvation, rioting, mal-nutrition and .disease.

The grim picture of mass starvation inthe world's largest democracy beganmore than a year ago when the summermonsoon failed completely. From timeimmemorial the people have depended onthe annual monsoon rains to water theirfields and when these fail the results aredisastrous. The only areas that producedreasonable crops last year were thoseunder irrigation. The failure. of the mon-soon caused the most severe drought in70 years. This was the year the farmerpreferred to eat the seeds for the springplanting rather than sow them in theparched earth.

The pyramiding effects of the faminethis year have generated an abnormaltenseness along with the choking dust.Hungry, desperate mobs sporadically riotfor more rations in critical areas. Thefact is that India is both a land wherenon-violence is regarded as one of thehighest ideals and where bloody riotingerupts all too often.

Were it not for religious values, theconsequences of an Indian famine couldbe catastrophic. One reporter relates anincident outside a confectionery in Cal-cutta where starving people were watch.ing through the window as other peopleate inside. When they came out, droppingthe sticky papers, the hungry foughtover them to lick them.

"Why don't you break the window andsteal the candy?" a passerby asked."There are no police near and that owneris too fat to run after you. At least youwill have something to eat before youdie."

"We have suffered enough in thisworld," they said. "Do you want us alsoto suffer in the next?"

Famine is no stranger in this land ofthe Indus River. The worst famine of

8

man on record began in India in 1022.It lasted eleven years, depopulated entireprovinces and induced widespread can-nibalism.

The age-old pattern of famine couldremain in India for decades to come.Even in non-famine times, the Food andAgricultural Organization of the UnitedNations estimates that between 50 per-cent and 75 percent of Indian citizensdo not have a balanced diet. Between 25percent and 30 percent are always hun.gry. The average Indian takes in 1,940calories a day as compared to 3,120 in theU.S. and 3,050 in Russia. Indians eat fourpounds of meat per person annuallywhereas U.S. citizens enjoy an averageof 211 pounds each.

The food grain deficit this year wasestimated to be some 12 to 15 milliontons. Last December 8, India began ask-ing the U.S. for food grains under the"emergency relief" provisions of the Foodfor Peace program whereby shippingcosts are donated and no long-termagreements are required.

Most of this aid was in the form ofwheat, considered a "foreign" and undi.gestible food by soqthern Indians. Notonly that, but Indian ports could handleonly one million tons of American wheatper month. Once ashore, the grain strainsthe facilities of the railroads and the en-tire distribution system.

Until this year India was already con-suming 15 percent of the American wheatcrop. It has now doubled that percentage,almost equalling what Americans them.selves consume. Not counting the Foodfor Peace program, the U.S. provides $435million of India's $1 billion annual for-eign aid.

Besides government-to-government aidthe World Council of Churches and theRoman Catholic Church have launchedthe largest joint effort ever in reliefemergency and development aid to com-bat famine in India and Africa this year.

Pope Paul, at one of his regular week-ly general audiences, declared the "ex.treme gravity" of the food shortage inIndia which imposes a duty on "all ofus" to give aid. He urged that everyonecontribute-"all good Christians, Peopleof God, children, housewives, quiet littlepeople who have put money aside."

In response to the Pope's appeal U.S.bishops allocated an extra $100,000 for1,620,000 pounds of rice to Catholic Re-lief Services for its Indian feeding pro.gram. On the other side of the Atlanticthe world's oldest republic, San Marino,

EX.CBI ROUNDUP

--------------------The ReapersAreManyoffered 100 tons of wheat, which wereone-fifth of its total reserves.

Also encouraging are the matchingplans being initiated by a few commun-ities in the U.S. They are adopting vil-lages in India with similar populations,seeing to it that everyone in "their" vil-lages has enough to eat. The remaining600,000villages, however, could be con-sidered still up for "adoption." The ma-jority of India's 485 million people livein these villages.

India's population is second only toCommunist China. Its land area, though,is only half that of the U.S. The popu-lation increases in India at the yearlyrate of 2.4 percent, averaging an increaseof 10 million people every year since1961. Every day the addition of 30,000more people erases all marginal gainsin food production.

Population growth catches most of theblame for India's poverty problems. Thisis often a gross exaggeration, accordingto economists and demographers such asFather Arthur McCormack, M.H.M. "InIndia," says Father McCormack "thereare 23 known causes of poverty rangingfrom backward agricultural techniquesand instability of primary commodityprices to a war budget of six percent-one percent more than affluent Englandcan afford."

The food production potential of Indiais far from being realized. For example,there are two kinds of cattle. The truesacred cows that wander everywhere atwill and can never be killed are rela-tively few. Then there are privatelyowned herds which are a sign of wealth.These produce a small amount of milkfrom which is made the famous "ghee"or rendered butter that is an essentialpart of every Indian's diet. By state lawnone can be slaughtered until at leasteight years old. One state has more cowsto feed than people. Moreover, by tradi-tion these herds are turned loose on thefields after the fall harvest until thespring planting time, thus eliminatingthe possibility of winter crops even wherethere is irrigation.

For many years the major concern ofthe Indian government was focused onthe steel industry rather than on agri-culture. The farmer has traditionallyworked his fields with iron-tipped sticksas plows for little more than a subsist.ence yield. Farm production experts alsosay that more "inputs" are desperatelyneeded-more fertilizer, better seed andinsecticides. Nor will there be a consist-ent level of production without increasedirrigation and a thorough reorganizationof the marketing processes.

India has an inexhaustible source ofirrigation water in her great rivers thatflow out of the Himalayas. However,DECEMBER,1966

irrigation must be very carefully organ-ized because of the salinization dangerto the land. The whole Indian plain wasonce a seabed and if too much wateris used it soaks down through the soiland brings up salt. With careful drain-age this danger could be avoided.

If India applied the Japanese methodsof rice production throughout the coun.try she could not only feed her peoplebut have a surplus for export. Japan,with 100 million people, produces anduses twice as much artificial fertilizer asIndia with almost 500 million to feed.A substantially increased private invest.ment in fertilizer plants would probablybenefit India more than any costly pub.lic programs.

The marketing of crops in India islargely in the hands of profiteers who inthe spring offer the poor farmer a smalladvance to meet his expenses until theharvest. The catch is that he contractshis crop to them at a price only 75-80percent of its harvest-time value. As thepopulation increases in relation to theamount of food produced the profiteerswax constantly richer. Government con.trol and rationing has only partiallysucceeded in eliminating this abuse.

Added to these exhausting obstaclesare the extensive land tenancy abuses,hoarding and low wages. A Maryknollpriest who recently spent four monthsin India was shown by a priest of Madrasaround his parish which included twolarge slum areas. The people lived inwindowless mud huts and in the courseof less than an hour they saw fifteencases of kwashiorkor in children due tolack of protein in the diet. A typicalfamily was that of a coolie laborer whoearned an average of one rupee (20c) aday. He paid three rupees a month forthe ground on which he had built thehut where he lived with his wife andthree children. For one rupee he couldbuy about three pounds of low-graderice. The children would beg in the mar-ket for partly spoiled vegetables and theouter leaves of cabbage. The priest saidthat twenty years ago one rupee wouldbuy two or three times that much rice.Now the population has almost doubledand food production has failed to keeppace.

There is no doubt that the future ofIndia looks bleak, Dr. Robert Revelle, di-rector of the Harvard Center for popula-tion studies, told the House Committeeon Agriculture that "it is almost certainthat tens of millions of people willstarve" in India's famine. "The saddestpart of the story is that it may be toolate for us and the other rich countriesto help very much."

Dr. Revelle told the House panel that"the future of mankind is being ground

9

The Reapers Are Many _

out on the anvil of India and the otherimpoverished countries." He said thatunless rich and poor countries togethersolved the problem of development, "thefate of all men in times to come willbe the fate of India today. A livableworld cannot exist in which two-thirdsof human beings never get enough toeat, and the remaining third are overfed."

Indians are puzzled by these predic-tions. Their officials have objectedstrongly, showing a complete distaste forany picture portrayed abroad of "India'sstarving millions." There was particularconcern about reports that Dutch andItalian children were giving up theirlunch money for starving people in In-dia. "We need help, but we don't needit that bad," according to one Indianofficial in New Delhi.

There is no doubt that the IndianGovernment in this pre-election year isusing every possible means to preventstarvation. Even Indian officials though,are unanimously agreed that the situa-tion is critical for at least 45 millionpeople in the drought stricken areas.

In areas where there is no acute foodshortage, many people may go hungrybecause their incomes have been drasti-cally reduced by the drought. The Gov-ernment is trying to meet this problemthrough "relief works" in which villagesbuild roads and work on other projects.They are paid in either small amountsof cash or grain.

Over two million people are alreadyon relief works, and this figure is ex.pected to climb to over five million bythe end of the year.

There is acute famine and severe mal.nutrition in the rice-eating states par-ticularly Mysore, Kerala, Madhya Pra-desh and West Bengal. In addition, thepeople in these areas literally are unableto stomach any rice substitutes. Riotsbroke out in Kerala last January whenthe people felt they were being forcedto eat wheat.

In the meantime the U.S. governmentplans to redouble its aid by channelingan additional $1 billion a year towardthe world's war on hunger. For the firsttime in the long history of agricultureplanning the U.S. farmer is receivingincentives to produce more of the kindsof food (rice, soybeans, etc.) needed tosustain a hungry world while providingalso for the nation's domestic needs.This marks a shift away from the policyof limiting overseas relief commoditiesto foods rated as surplus. This proposedupheaval in the U.S. farm economycomes at a time when farmers are usedto being paid not to plant 40 millionacres annually.

Aother twist to the new food.aid pro-gram is that the less fortunate nations

10

have to agree to do the things necessaryto build up their own farms, fertilizerplants and food processing industries.Mrs. Indira Gandhi assured PresidentJohnson during her visit here last Marchthat India would follow through with acrash program on agriculture and wouldfacilitate foreign investment in fertilizerplants.

Efforts need to be doubled. on everylevel though, to make freedom from hun-ger a reality in India, whether they beprayers, donations, village adoptions orpersonal service. "For the first time inthe history of man," says Richard W.Reuter, head of the Food for Peace pro.gram, "we have it within our grasp tomake freedom from hunger in the worlda reality ... " For the first time, man hasthe technical ability to wipe out starva-tion.

The motivation for such efforts is aselemental as the Vatican II Constitutionon The Church in the Modern Worldstates: "Since there are so many peopleprostrate with hunger in the world, thissacred Council urges all, both individualsand governments, to remember the aph-orism of the Fathers, 'Feed the man dy-ing of hunger, because if you have notfed him you have killed him' ... "

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EX.CBl ROUNDUP

Big Manpower Waste in Red China

Four Men Do the Work of On,eMrs. Dorothy Henry, 46, secretary

of the 8,540-member Institution ofBritish Engineers, led a party of 18British businessmen and engineerson a 12-day visit to Communist Chi.na. They went at the invitation ofthe Chinese Society of Civil Engin-eers and were shown building andindustrial development in Peking,Shanghai and other Chinese cities.She describes this visit in the follow-ing report through the AssociatedPress.

PEKING-The manpower wastage inRed China is fantastic.

This is one of the things that struckme hard about the world's most populousnation.

It's a question of keeping all those mil-lions working-and four men do oneman's job.

Everyone works. All the women havejobs.

Most families have a convenient grand-mother who stays home to look after thesmall children. If there is no grandmo-ther the children are put in a weeklychildren's nursery.

From outside, the factories look effi-cient and modern, but inside there seemto be four operators to every machine.You are struck by the fact that thereare no multipurpose machines. There isno automation.

It's the same in civil engineering.We saw a canal being built. There

seemed to be 20,000 or 30,000 people mov-ing earth in baskets.

Yet, there have been, of course, tre-mendous achievements.

The most alarming thing to me aboutChina is the propaganda used on youngchildren.

I was informed at one school that only35 per cent of class time is devoted towhat we know as educational subjects.The other 65 per cent is devoted to poli-tics: The history of the "liberation,"Marxism, and the works of Mao Tze-Tung.

How can they develop as a well-edu-cated, scientific society if the studentsare going to give so little time to realstudy?

It's bound to hold the Chinese back.The propaganda thing starts from three

years upward. In the children's balletsand plays the subject is the Vietnamfighting and the villian is always UncleSam.

There are posters about Vietnam every-where. The Vietnam War is providing a

DECEMBER, 1966

medium for hate, with the Americans asthe hated "imperialist aggressors."

There is plenty of hate, too, for theRussian "revision."

The Chinese are very bitter at the Rus-sians for withdrawing financial aid andtechnicians. The withdrawal has hit themhard.

At Wuhan, southwest of Shanghai, Ivisited a steel plant. They were buildinga big extension to the plant, and I sawRussian rolling mills waiting to be in-stalled.

These obviously had been standingthere for a considerable time. If the Rus-sians hadn't withdrawn I'm sure that ex-tension would have been finished andthe plant working at full capacity.

People are being moved from old dila-pidated homes into modern blocks offlats. I visited several of these flats inShanghai. They seem to be roughly thesame size, consisting of two or threerooms, kitchen and lavatory. Sometimesa kitchen is shared with another family.The rooms are about 12x10-feet and rentsare cheap.

By Western standards the flats wouldbe suitable for a marri~d couple or pos-sibly a couple with one child_ But inChina the whole family-grandparents,married children and their children-liveunder one roof. So the average for eachflat is about five or six people-over-crowded by our standards.

The average wage rate for a workerat say a machine tool factory is between60 and 70 yuan ($25 and $28) per month.The boss doesn't get much more. A chiefengineer, for instance, might earn 150yuan ($61) per month.

For an equivalent job in the West hewould expect $1,000 a month. There's notmuch incentive in China for a worker tobecome a boss.

There are very few cars on the streetsin China. Party officials can be seen go-ing to their offices in cars, quite oftenAmerican ones. I always used to pointthese out to our interpreters and say withglee: "That's a Chevrolet. I thought youwouldn't have Americans here." Theylaughed.

There are hardly any consumer goodsin the shops. Clothes seem to be quite ex-pensive. Those blue tunic jackets that ev-eryone wears, for instance, cost about$8.40.

When the Chinese aren't walking theyride bicycles. But these are expensive,to~$56 or more.

Another thing that struck me aboutChinese cities was the absence of police-

11

Four Men Do the Work of One,----------------men. I think the few we saw were allengaged on traffic duties.

Apart from some splendid new build-ings the Chinese capital struck me as adrab place. All the houses were gray,somewhat, and although the new blocksof flats are well designed there is thisgrayness. No gay touches of paint. Nowindow boxes.

As a woman I was a bit put off by allthose blue tunics and trousers, worn byboth men and women. The legs of thewomen in our party created quite a com-motion. I'm told that some Chinese wo-men wear skirts. But I never saw any.

From Peking we went to the industry

!J).~ce JB 1[.~'X "']L>ATELIN.~.i ~:

I ~ J

News aiS/1aJcj,esfrom recent issuesof The Calculla Statesman

NEW DELHI-There are as many as247,500 "self-employed" people (thosewho are not on the pay roll of any em-ployer but are their own employers) inthe capital, according to a recent survey.The growth in the number of self-em-ployed people has by and large kept pacewith the growth of population.

CUTTACK-A hartal, the threat of astudent agitation and a fight betweenstudents and some pan shopkeepers-allover the refusal of a betel shopkeeperto give a matchbox to a customer to lighta cigarette bought from the shop-plung-ed the Ravenshaw College area into aminor commotion, necessitating the in-tervention of an M.P. and a number ofmunicipal councillors.

NEW DELHI-There were 55 girlsnamed after Mrs. Gandhi in the SovietUnion, it was disclosed by the PrimeMinister while addressing a function or-ganized by the Indo-Soviet Cultural So-ciety. The process of naming began in1955when she visited the USSRwith herfather. She also said she had been intouch with all of them, writing and send-ing them photographs.

BOMBAY-Suburban electric train ser-vices on the Central Railway were com-pletely disorganized for more than fourhours by demonstrations by angry pass-engers protesting against the cancella-tion of a train and delays in general. Thetrouble started at Kurla Station whenhundreds of passengers squatted on thetrack preventing any train from moving

12

city of Wuhan. We arrived on EasterSunday and told our interpreters that wewould like to go to church. They took usto a Buddhist temple. We said this wasvery nice but we would like to go to aChristian church.

The interpreters put their heads to-gether. Later they took us to a buildingwhich looked as if it might have beena mission church at one time. In thevestry was a big picture of Mao Tze-Tung. Above the altar was a red flag.

A little man in blue tunic and trous-ers came forward. He said he was theminister. One of our party could playthe organ. Another was a lay preacher.We had our Easter service. -THE END

after a train bound for Victoria Terminushad been cancelled.

DACCA-Newspapers reported that ayoung woman in an East Pakistani vil-lage gave birth to nine babies and allare doing well. The reports said the mul-tiple births occcurred at Punjarai villagein Sylhet district. The mother and father,in their early twenties, had been mar-ried about a year.

NEW DELHI-India has signed a $7million eRs 5.25 crores) contract with anAmerican firm for 10 computers to starta new Government information system.Initially the computers will be used forwater and power network analyses, in-come-tax processing, labour statistics, li-censing and import-export control.

NEW DELHI-A nation-wide campaignto end illiteracy within 20 years, by ex-ploiting all available resources, and thegoal of free education has been sug.gested by the Education Commission. Itrecommends expanding school facilitiesfor children between six and 11 years ofage, provision of part-time education tochildren between 11 and 14, who havemissed earlier schooling; and generaland vocational education for adults be.tween 15 and 30. Also that educated menand women be mobilized to combat illit-eracy; all employers in large organiza-tions be made responsible for makingemployees literate; that big public sec-tor plants take the lead in this; that un-der a compulsory national service pro-gramme school and college students berequired to participate in the campaign.

MADRAS-Tamiland students' anti.Hindi agitation council once again reaf-firmed its outright opposition to intro.duction of Hindi as the official languageof the country. It appears certain thatTamiland students are thinking of start-ing a fresh agitation over the languageissue.

EX.CBI ROUNDUP

THE PEOPLE OF JAPAN. By Pearl S. Buck.Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, N.Y. Sep-tember 1966. $6.95.

With the mainland of China she knewincreasingly far away, Miss Buck hasturned to Japan and its people in hernew book. She tells of the customs,traditions, change in culture and thewestern influence in Japan.

LOST CITIES OF ASIA. By Wim Swaan.G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, N.Y. October1966. $15.00.

This book deals with the ancient citiesof Ceylon, Burma and Cambodia includ.ing the historic glories found there, suchas Angkor Wat, the largest religiousbuilding in history, and the colossal 40-foot buddhas of Ananda Temple.

THE UNITED STATES NAVY IN WORLDIV'AR II. Compiled and edited by S. E. Smith.W'illiam Morrow & Son, New York, N.Y. Octo-ber 1966. $12.50.

A one-volume history made up of con-tributions from men who fought in theAtlantic and Pacific and from distin-guished naval experts, authors and news-paper men. These personal experiences,graphic accounts of battles, are tied to-gether by a connecting text giving back.ground material. Over 900 pages, withmany maps and photos.

AMORT AL FLOWER. By Han Suyin. G. P.Putnam's Sons, New York, N.Y. SePtember 1966.$5.95.

Story of the author's life and her viewson her country, China, in her youth,1928-38;a continuation of her biographywhich began with "The Crippled Tree."To a great extent, this book is a vehiclefor praise of Mao Tsetung, an unflatter.ing biographical sketch of Chiang Kai.shek and the Soong family, and a de.nunciation of causes of corruption andgrinding poverty in China.

NEITHER LIBERTY NOR SAFETY: A HardLook at U.s. Military Policy and Strategy. ByGeneral Nathan F. Twining. Holt, Rinehart &lV'inston, Inc., New York, N.Y. September 1966.$5.95.

An examination of political-militarytrends in American domestic and foreignaffairs during the last 25 years and in-cluding Vietnam, by a former Chief ofStaff of the U.S. Air Force and formerChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.This is a highly critical book, in whichthe author speaks his mind toughly andforthrightly. For instance, he thinks theDECEMBER,1966

U.S. was weak on some occasions (likepulling out of China at the end of WorldWar II); he believes that the U.S. inKorea backed away "from the kind ofreal challenge that the policy of contain-ment automatically engenders;" and that"we fumbled and lost the cause of free-dom in China."

ONCE A MARINE. General A. A. Vallde-grift as told to Robert B. Asprey. BallantineBooks, New York, N.Y. October 1966. Paper-back, 75c.

An anecodotal and lively memoir ofwhat life in the Marine Corps was likefrom about 1909 to 1949.General Vande-grift achieved World War II fame as thecommander who led American troops tosuccess in Guadalcanal, but among oth.er areas of operation have been theBoxer Rebellion in China, and MarineCorps involvement in Nicaraugua andHaiti.

THE GRASS ROOF. By Younghill Kang. Fol-lett Publishing Co., Chicago, Ill. October 1966.$4.95.

First published by Scribners in 1931,this book begins with the author's af-fectionate recollections of his childhoodin a rural village of northern Korea dur-ing the early years of this century andgoes on to give an account of traditionalKorean culture. It tells of the author'sstruggles to get an education in Japan,his return to Korea and participation inthe 1919 revolution, an,d his successfulefforts to leave Korea and come to theUnited States.

THE MUSLIM WOLRD ON THE EVE OFEUROPE'S EXPANSION. Edited by John J.Saunders. Spectrum Books Original (Prentice-Hall). Not'ember 1966. Paperback, $1.95.

Latest book in the Global History Ser-ies, this covers the three great MuslimEmpires-Ottoman Turkey, Safavid Per-sia and Mogul India-during the centuryfrom 1450 to 1550, when the westernworld began its age of great explorationsand imperialization. This group of shortselections, some old contemporary piecesand some present-day works of interpre-tive history, show that, had the threeMuslim empires not feuded over theirreligious differences, but had united, theycould have blocked the westward expan-sion into the Orient and they might haveheld all strategic trade routes and mightthemselves have swept into CentralEurope.

CHINESE COOKERY. By Ella-Mei Wong.Arco Publishing Co., New York, N.Y. November1966. $3.50.

A guide not only to the preparation ofChinese dishes and menus, but also tothe traditions of fine Chinese meals, theway in which they are served and con-sumed, and the occasions on which theyappear. Many of the author's originalrecipes are included.

13

A long look at Indian Policy

Non-Alignment at a WatershedBy PRAN CHOPRAFrom The Statesman

The creative ideas of an innovator areoften turned into shibboleths by hisapostles. This is what has happened tothe concept of non-alignment pioneeredby Mr. Nehru. The word is rememberedand, parrot. like, repeated by those whohave appointed themselves his legatees;that the concept was an instrument ofIndia's interests, to be adapted as thesemight require, is forgotten.

For Mr. Nehru non-alignment was nota dogma that existed independently ofthe context. It was a shield behind whichIndia-partitioned, weak, new to theways of a warring world-could prepareitself for the full responsibilities of alarge and independent nation, as pivotalas geography could make it but as yetunequal to its new status. Non-alignmentwould protect India against the winds ofthe cold war, leave her judgment freefrom the bias of power politics, while shetook her own measure of the world andcarved for herself a place in it whichwould match her potentialities.

He saw, more clearly than those whoclaim the exclusive right to speak in hisname, that in the circumstances of thecold war it was important for India notto get involved in the rivalries of thetwo power blocs. Alignment with eitherbloc would offend the other, whereasneither would risk offending a non-align-ed India to the point where she wouldbe pushed into the arms of the other.Neither bloc would look with equanimityupon a country of such a size and poten-tial significance as India being driven tosuch a course. In this sense non-align.ment was a balancing act of global di.mensions which he performed with con-summate skill.

In the course of the 'fifties he gave theshield of non-alignment an Afro-Asiandimension. As one country after anotheremerged into independence, facing simi-lar problems as India in internationaldiplomacy, placed between the mutualand almost evenly balanced antagonismsof the USA and the Soviet Union. Mr.Nehru carried to it the sermon of non-alignment as an alternative to the pres-sures of military alliance. As often asnot he succeeded thus extending thecircle of non-alignment in Asia and Af-rica, and not only on these continents.

His personal inclinations urged him todo so, of course: being of a sturdily in-dependent and pragmatic mind, he couldnot accept, and did not wish other new.ly freed countries to accept, the shackles

14

upon independence of judgment and ac-tion which a small country's militarycommitment to a much bigger one in-volved. But, at least equally he wasurged by what he saw to b in India'sinterests. The more India could be seenas the natural spokesman of the expand-ing club of the non-aligned countries, theless inclined the power blocs would beto disregard non-alignment and India.What India could do for the time beingas a power factor in her own right, shecould try to do, for example at the U.N.on many occasions, by being the seniormember of a sizable group.

The strategy was sound, but it waslet down by bad tactics. Non-alignmentrequired three things for its continuedsuccess, but it was deprived of all threeone after another. It required detachmentand a faithfully sustamed impartiality;it needed to be spared bitterness and ran-cour which would give it a polemicaland dogmatic aspect wholly unsuited tothe spirit of the concept. But this did nothappen for a variety of reasons, somewithin India's control, some not. A darkphase of American diplomacy under Mr.Dulles made the USA far more antago-nistic towards the .non-aligned coun-tries, including if not especially India,than was good for Washington's own in-terests. Specific disagreements, outstand-ingly over Kashmir but over other issuesalso, further estranged India and theUSA. Then Mr. Krishna Menon addedhis own kind of distortion; at his hands-not at Mr. Nehru's-non-alignment di-verged seriously from its real essenceand purpose and India's own interestswere grievously damaged.

Secondly, non-alignment, as devised byMr. Nehru, required that at least themajor constellations in international di-plomacy should remain as they were atthe time of its birth. But this did nothappen either. Drastic shifts occurred inthe leading alignments in the world,making the search for a middle path be-tween Washington and Moscow a lessimportant exercise than anticipating thedivisions within the Communist world.India's interests simultaneously movedcloser to the USA's and Russia's as thegrand strategy of Peking unfolded it-self. The Afro-Asians became a very scat-tered fraternity; many of them began tobehave with such irresponsibility thatIndia's association with them became asource of embarrassment, not strength;many others began to play the game ofnon-alignment according to rules madein Peking. True non-alignment still had

EX-CBI ROUNDUP

-----------------.Non.Alignment at a Watersheda purpose to serve-it still has-but itstactics began to need some major over-hauling as the decade of the 'fifties ap-proached its end. But neither Mr. Nehrunor those who had begun to wield powerin his name paid heed to this task untilit was too late.

Non-alignment's third and biggestneed was for resolute action within In-dia to put the country on its feet. If theyears of non-alignment had been betterused than they were for making Indiastronger and more self-reliant, she wouldhave been less dependent upon the good-will of other countries, more independentof the designs of other powers, moreable to be non-aligned in the best senseof the word; the loss of her standingamong the Afro-Asians and (what ismore important) the decline of the Afro-Asians themselves in international di-plomacy would not have so encouragedthe super powers to take India forgranted. India would have been able todo iIi. her own right what she was hither-to able to do only by standing on theshoulders of the Afro-Asian group.

It is true that the resultant weaknessof India is diplomatically less painfulthan it might have been. The two powerswhich can push her the hardest are moreinterested in promoting-though in theirown divergent ways and in their partlyconflicting interests-India's viability in-stead of eroding it. However hostile toIndia in individual detail, the balance oftheir interest in India is benign and fitsin with the objectives of their overalldiplomacy as far as it can be seen intheir actions. However, there is plenty ofrecent evidence of India's helplessnesswhen either of them chooses to disagreewith her. The manner and timing of de-valuation is one example. The other isthe recent Indo-Soviet communique,which does no credit at all to the Indianteam which took part in its framing. IfAmerica's present leaders crudely ig-nore India's political sensitivities, theRussians are also ruthless in ignoringIndia's economic aspirations, as theirhandling of the Bokaro project betrays.

But if India's experience shows up herailments, it also suggests the remedies,and the foremost must be a drasticchange in her unbalanced priorities.These were upside down for so many,years that habits grew up which need'to be discarded. Where the governmentand the people should have been mostconcerned with economic tasks, Indiawas busy playing the role of an interna-tional new dealer. Where food and agri-culture should have claimed the maxi-mum political and administrative talent,both were cornered by foreign affairs.Where the district administration need-ed reinforcement, officials were packed

DECEMBER, 1966

into superfluous embassies, many ofwhich consumed more foreign exchangethan they helped India. to earn. Suchthought as was given to economic prob-lems was not less lopsided. Glamorousand expensive projects which made In-dia increasingly dependent upon foreignaid and collaboration became the prideof planning; inexpensive ways of creat-ing wealth and stability by earning theactive support of the people were neg-lected. India's own technical resourcesand skills were denied opportunities andmoney was wasted upon imported sub-stitutes. Whatever room was left for fur-ther wastage was amply filled by ad-ministrative inefficiency and delays;heavy investments in planning continuedyear after year while dividends lingered,bringing the very idea of economic plan-ning into unmerited disrepute.

This is what has made India so com-pletely dependent upon the aid-givingcountries that her diplomatic role hasbeen reduced to discovering how best tokeep silent without offending anyone.This is a humiliating change for a coun-try which has harboured the illusion eversince its independence that it was bornto play title roles on the internationalstage. But the remedy is not to continueClinging to the illusion; India has to ov-ercome her weaknesses first. If the pricehas to be that even the ambition to beone of the supporting c~st has to be giv-en up, it should be paid; India will bebetter off if for a time she spares her-self the tensions of international contro-versy. Freed of such diplomatic distrac-tions, she could burrow into her econom-ic problems and for a few years concen-trate upon solving them first, and withthe maximum reliance upon her own re-sources. This will mean further loss ofthe limelight in which India disportedherself through the best part of the 'fif-ties. But the result may well be to teachIndian opinion that first things mustcome first and that the gamble of put-ting them last has failed.

Those who thrived upon the high ad-venture of non-alignment will describethis as ignominious isolationism. Theywould be partly right. This is isolation-ism; but it would end the ignominy intowhich misapplied non-alignment and adesperate state of economic dependencehave landed the country as it completesthe second decade of independence. Onceit is ended there will be time enough forIndia to begin to play her diplomaticpart once more. She will not have to playit then by standing upon the crumblinghead of Afro-Asia; her diplomatic exer-cises will not be as meaningless as theyhavc~ been since the start of the 'sixties.Her role will be sustained by the sameindigenous strength for nourishing which

15

Non',Alignmentat a WatershedL----------------Mr. Nehru devised non.alignment, whichover the years has become only a token.of intentions, and the non. alignment ofa self. reliant country which alone cancarry the weight of independence, thenext few years stand like a watershed.Other countries have found in similarperiods of their history that a phase ofdiplomatic disengagement gave them theopportunity for economic recovery; thereis no reason why India should not dis.cover this too if she lets go of some ofher more dangerous self-deceptions.

To sum up, the plea here is that justas the first successor to Mr. Nehru provedthat India could look after herself in bat-tle, the second successor should provethat with the same cool judgment andgrim determination, India can get thebetter of her economic difficulties. Theresults are bound to be at least as reowarding, and not least from the point

of view of India's diplomatic standing inthe period beyond this tunnel of isola.tion. For some time after the Septemberwar it was possible to glimpse the diplo.matic vistas which would open out forIndia once she and other countries reocovered their confidence in her. Sincethen, the economic crisis has made theoutlook look darker. But if the basicweakness from which the crisis came isoverpowered, and more by India herselfthan by other countries for her, that piv.otal role which Mr. Nehru foresaw butcould not achieve for her will be pressedupon her instead of her having to runafter it. The more vociferous advocates ofIndia's diplomatic independence canbring it nearer by working for her eco.nomic recovery than by talking her intopremature and embarrassing diplomatichistrionics. -THE END

Jewish CoLony Marks 7,900 Years in IndiaBy PETER JACKSON

Reuters

COCHIN, India-Cochin's tiny JewishCommunity, in danger of dying outmainly through emigration to Israel, ispreparing to celebrate 1900 years of lifein India.

Once the Jews in Cochin, an ancientIndian port, numbered in the thousands.Now there are only about 300.

Center of the celebrations to be heldin 1968 will be the quaint little syna.gogue with whitewashed clock towerwhich stands at the end of a narrowstreet of Dutch-style houses known asJew Town.

The synagogue itself will be celebrat-ing 400 years of existence.

In October Prime Minister Indira Gand.hi visited the synagogue and promisedhelp with the celebrations.

She saw the beautiful floor, tiled in afamous willow pattern, specially madein the 18th century in Canton for theCochin synagogue.

The synagogue also has a set of threecopper plates written in an old Tamilscrip recording the grant of the villageof Anjuvannam and its revenues to oneJoseph Rabban, who was conceded theright to have cloth spread in front ofhim to walk on, and trumpet and drumto announce his presence.

While the Cochin Jews date the platesat 379A.D.,some scholars have suggestedother dates as late as the 10th century.

Although the community will be cele.brating 1900years in India, there is con.

16

troversy about its real origin.The Cochin Jews themselves claim they

are the descendants of Jews who fled aft.er the Romans destroyed their temple inJerusalem in the First Century A.D.

It is accepted that the first Jewishsettlement was at Cranganore, once abusy port about 20 miles north of Cochin.

Ships from the Middle East had longvisited Cranganore to buy spices, ivory,and peacocks, and some Jews are be.lieved to have traveled in King Solomon'svessels.

Other traditions have it that they aredescendants of Jews taken to Babylon byNebuchadnezzar, or that their forebearswere prisoners taken by the Roman Em.peror Titsu Vespasianus and settled inMajorca.

There have been influxes of Jewsthrough the centuries, notably fromSpain and Portugal to escape the Inqui.sition, and from Bagdad to escape Mos-lem persecution. -THE END

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Sun Publishing Co.Laurens,Iowa

Ex.eBI ROUNDUP

There's a long Road Ahead

Untouchables Make Slow ProgressBy VERA GLASER

UDAIPUR, INDIA-(NANA)-To talkwith one of India's "Untouchables" is amoving experience.

It reveals the long road ahead beforethis nation rids itself of a caste systemunder which some men live in degrada-tion, cannot progress beyond menialjobs, and whose fellow humans turnaway at their approach.

Mahatma Gandhi called them "hari-jans" or "children of God" as he preach-ed that untouchability should be banned.That was done by law in 1947 when In-dia won its independence. Since thenthe government has tried hard to pro-vide 55 million "harijans" with educa-tion and jobs.

Now, almost 20 years later, despite cer-tain spectacular exceptions, barely afourth of the Untouchables have im-proved their lot. They are the ones wholive in the teeming cities where it ispossible to lose identity by melting intothe human sea.

But in India's 500,000 mud hut villagesthe Untouchable is well known to hisneighbors. And he is still shunned.

Despite what appears to be snail-likeprogress in breaking down the caste sys-tems, Indians point out that two formerUntouchables now hold high cabinetposts in Prime Minister Indira Gandhi'sgovernment. They are Minister for In-dustry D. Sanjivayya and Minister forLabor Jagjivan Ram.

They say it is impossible to changeovernight a system whose origins arelost in the shadows of India's past.

Caste is a 4,000-year-old Hindu tradi-tion in which the Brahmans were thepriests and scholars; the Kshatriyas,warriors and rulers; the Vaishyas, mer-chants and bankers, and the Sudras, thecommon peasants and artisans.

Below and beyond them were the out-casts, the Untouchables, who did the dir-ty work. In those days, a man's caste wasrevealed by his job. Today, his job isoften the best clue to his general casteposition.

Most educated Indians deplore castedistinctions. The legal and functionalbase of caste grouping has been sweptaway, but to say that prejudice is goneis inaccurate. Marriage between personsof different caste is rare, and marriagebetween Brahmans and Untouchables isunknown.

Here in Rajasthan state, with its Texas-like landscape dotted with cactus andits fairy-tale Lake Palace Hotel, once the

DECEMBER, 1966

home of the Maharana of Udaipur, onedoes not have to go far to find Untouch-ables.

The crowded village of Ahar lies onthe outskirts of Udaipur. To find Kajod'shut one walks past the edge of the vil-lage marked by a dilapidated temple, toa cluster of hovels near a sluggishstream. Dust billows under the brutalsun. Crows screech. Flies swarm. Stenchcloses in like a nauseating blanket.

Kajod stands in the doorway of hisplaster-and-mud hut. He is 30 years old,dark-skinned. His glance is direct. Heexplains in Hindi that he is a "sweeper"as his father was. The hut was built byhis forefathers 150 years ago. He cannotread but has learned to scrawl a kind ofsignature.

Kajod's wife has gone away for a mo-ment, but his seven-year-old daughtercares for her little brother who sits in thefilth outside the hut. Nearby is a primi-tive stone saucer used to grind wheatfor "chappatis," the Indian unleavenedbread.

Inside, the hut is pitch black. Onesmall opening emits a sliver of light.Barely five square feet, the hut containsa cooking pit in one cOlner, a pile of goatfodder, some rags, apparently clothes,hanging on a branch, and a tin of wheatobtained by Kajod for doing extra clean-ing work. During the heavy monsoonrains, Kajod adds a few tiles to the twig-and-mud roof.

Nevertheless, he is better off thanmost of India's Untouchables, for nowKajod cleans streets for the city of Udai-pur for which he is paid 70 rupees ($14)a month. -THE END

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Ex-CBI Roundup17

It Was a Big Event on Curzon Road

A Wedding of Saris and ScotchBy AUDREY MENEFEESan Francisco Chronicle

NEW DELHI-A stretch of boulevardcalled Curzon road runs from ConnaughtCircus to the statue of King George V atIndia Gate. It is a broad pleasantthoroughfare, with large houses ("bun-galows") on either side. Spreading neemtrees and red-flowering gulmohrs borderthe velvet lawns.

The places are a reminder of a wayof life that largely disappeared when theBritish quit India. Some of them havebeen sold to foreign missions, and thesehave discreet signs in front like "UnitedNations" and "USIS Library." But in theothers, families continue to live in muchthe same way and almost on the samescale as they lived many decades agowhen the houses were new.

The wedding of the year was celebrat-ed at Number 7, one of the loveliest ofthe pillared white bungalows on CurzonRoad. Preparations began last March,with the engagement of young "England-returned" Jatinder Suri and his beautifulManju, who had also been educated inLondon.

It was not an arrangement betweenstrangers, as so many Indian weddingsare. The families had always knowneach other.

Pre-wedding festivities went on for amonth before the actual ceremony, andthe pace became frenetic in the finalweek. Gold-engraved invitations, hand-delivered, summoned friends and rela-tives to one celebration after another.

First came a cocktail party given bythe groom's parents. The city's trafficpolice were out in full force to smooththe way for a thousand guests. Brilliantwedding canvas enclosed the entireblock. Inside, soft pink lights illuminat-ed the shrubbery, and blue lights out-lined the entire bungalow with its broadverandas and balconies. There were12,000 lights in all, and high up in theneem trees were 40 spotlights.

Oriental carpets were spread at thecenter of the lawn before a raised plat-form on which musicians performed.First came the nation's third-rankingclassical singer, then the second-rank-ing, and finally the favorite classicalsinger of all India.

Her voice seemed to go one way andthe orchestra quite another, althoughnow and then her high loops andswoops landed on the same note as thatplayed by the stringed "sarangi." Andalways the tabla-player was able tocome in just a fraction of a second late

18

to end the song on a great flourish ofdrums. (Because the music is unwrittenand spontaneous, the orchestra must lit-erally "follow" the singer's wh.ims.)

Special Indian treats were served by50 bearers in long white coats with redturbans and cummerbunds. Many casesof Scotch were consumed.

The bride was not present at any of theaffairs on Curzon road. It would be un-seemly for her to appear there beforethe wedding. At her own pre-nuptialparties Manju wore cotton churidar-khameez (Punjabi shirt and tight leg-gings) with no jewelry or make-up. Thiswas to guard against people saying, "Ohshe is a beautiful girl!" thus invitingthe "nazer" or Evil Eye to mar herbeauty. Not until the wedding night didManju come out in her full glory.

On the day of the wedding, Jatinder'sgrandfather was host. Grandfather Suriis still known as the Rai Sahib, an hon-orific conferred upon him by George V.His guests met at 6 o'clock for the Seh-rabandi ceremony, when a mask fash-ioned of fresh jasmines and rose-petalswas hung in front of Jatinder's face. Twobands played, and silver trays werepassed with offerings of crystallizedsugar and cardamon seeds and spicedcashew nuts.

Then came the Barat procession. Jatin-der, seated on a small white mare(which was decked out in golden bridleand saddle, and a silk skirt draped overits rump), was led by a syce throughthe crowds. With a 20-piece marchingband far in front beating out "ComeSeptember" and a smaller band of gold-jacketed flute players directly ahead,bobbing and swaying and blowing theircheeks full of air to hit the high eerienotes of nuptial music, and his familyand friends bringing up the rear, Jatin-der's procession passed through the gatesonto the road.

Outside, hundreds of sight-seers weregathered to enjoy the spectacle. As theprocession moved along it collected morespectators. Small, rag g e d childrenskipped along with the bands. Peonstrotted alongside wih gasoline lights inwooden frames which they carried ontall poles over their heads, bringing aglare of bright white light wherever theywent. The groom's brothers walked backand forth spraying the procession withrose-water.

The Barat procession was in two parts.It had gone only a furlong when carswere brought up to carry everyone to a

EX-CBI ROUNDUP

----~-----------A Wedding of Saris and Scotchrendezvous near the bride's home onPrithvi Raj Road. The cars stopped infront of the Imperial Ethiopian Embas.sy two doors from Manju's house.

The mare was late being deliveredbut this presented no problem as a sec.ond mare, just as opulent as the first,was already standing by for just such anemergency. And in the meantime Jatin.der was comfortable enough sitting inan air. conditioned, tinseled and garland.ed Mercedes.

Here the procession formed itself again,bands still playing their separate tunes,and set off for Manju's place whereother bands were playing still differenttunes on the lawns and balconies. Rosepetals rained down on the groom's partyas it passed under the great arch tomingle on the lawns with the bride'shundreds of waiting guests.

Jatinder was escorted to a pavilionbuilt out from the veranda, and Manjuwas brought to him there in her crimsonwedding sari. She was so heavily weight.ed with gold ornaments that she had tobe supported by her sisters. There on theplatform, with the nation's Vice.Presi.dent and the Governor of Delhi Territoryamong the witnesses, bride and groomgarlanded each other with jasmine.

They moved slowly to a.peacock.bow.cr, where they sat together and chattedwith well-wishers for an hour or so.Then they moved to another bower; thisone seemed to be built of pure ivory,bordered with intricate carvings, but itwas really fashioned from the pressed

core of the banana tree. A specialist inthis art form had been imported fromfar away to make the confection. Thesnow white sculptures were already turn.ing pale yellow before the last guestsleft.

A Brahman priest chanted mantrasbefore an open flame, and at intervalsthe couple walked around the fire. Thenfinally the priest tied the end of Manju'ssari to Jatinder's turban, and they weretruly married.

But the bride stayed in her own homethat night, and Jatinder left with hisfriends.

After a wedding trip to Darjeeling, shewill doubtless return again to her familyfor several weeks. A daughter is con.sidered from birth to be a temporaryguest in her parent's home, and she hasmany of a guest's privileges. She is shel.tered and spoiled and loved, so the finalparting that comes with marriage mustnot be sudden or brutal. It is accom.plished in easy stages.

-THE END

Be Sure to Notify Roundup

When You Change, Your Address.

VILLAGEat the foot of the HimalayanMountains.Note terraces for farming. Photo byLeslieF. Kipp.DECEMBER,196G 19

Revolt In India Against Tyranny

ommunities and CastesBy M. KRISHNANFrom The Statesman

In the past 20 years it has often beenfelt, strongly and earnestly, that the vex-ing demarcations that exist between themultifarious communities of India mustgo in the broader national interests, andthat caste, in particular, cannot be al-lowed to influence our lives.

But, of course, this revolt against thetyranny of caste was there even muchearlier, as those interested in Harijanwelfare schemes will know, and some-times it has led, not to the obliterationof lines of demarcation, but to moreemphatic delineation, as when membersof certain Scheduled Castes were alloweda plus handicap in education and publicservices.

However, in spite of all the sustainedpropaganda against it, even today thereare many who believe powerfully in theage-old institution of caste, often withlittle knowledge of its origins and littleanalytical thought to back the strengthof their convictions.

Surprising prejudices exist in the ad-vocacy of castes by these more orthodoxpeople, even among the highly educatedand informed. Some time ago, I heardan editor, a liberal-minded and intelli-gent man, argue that there was no de-nying the influence of caste in our livesbecause the fact of birth in a particularcaste conferred certain aptitudes, skillsand abilities on a man.

Mind you, he had a good case to argue,but went about it the wrong way. If hehad not stressed the hereditary influ-ences of birth (as he did) but the pro-found environmental and traditional in-fluences of birth in a particular caste, hecould have been more convincing. Longago it was proved that there is no in-heritance of acquired characters: sub-ject to the possibilities of evolutionarychanges in aptitudes (unlikely, to saythe least, in any species as promiscuous-ly bred as man), there can be no inborncaste-skills in a child. However, birthin a caste, particularly in one of thecastes with an occupational basis (suchas weavers, potters, stone masons, andhunters and trappers, does definitelyconfer the greatest scope for the devel-opment of traditional skills-the educa.tion is continuous, as it should be, andis in the community and environmentitself.

Even in these enlightened times whenwe all have the constitutional right totake to any profession we choose, birth

20

in an occupational caste can be fatefulas the gold control orders proved recent-ly. However, the majority of us belongto castes which have no longer any pro-nounced occupational basis. How doescaste affect our lives, then? In manyand changing ways. I have been toldthat the system of castes stemmed fromthe varnashrama prescriptions of thedharma shatras and no doubt this is so,but at different periods and places inIndia the ramifications and niceties ofcaste have far exceeded any original pre-scriptions. Maybe that in the old daysno new castes sprang up, but there isabundant evidence to show that the lim-ited divisions of the taxonomy under-went many ramifications (often based,as the varnashrama prescriptions were,on vocation). At one period caste andfaith had a profound bearing on societyand religion, as is illustrated by thehostility between Jains and Saivites inTamiland about the time of the Nayan-mars, and, more recently, between theU-mark and the Y.mark sections ofVaishnavites.•

At one time, as Talboys Wheeler'sMadras in the Olden Time will attest,the difference between, the "left-hand"and "right-hand" castes of Madrascaused social upheavals of such magni-tude that the Honourable East IndiaCompany, which was prudently con-tent with trade and the policy of stayingaloof from "native customs," was forcedto interfere. Recently I conducted an in-teresting experiment: I asked a fewmembers of the "left-hand" and "right-hand" castes for information on the dif-ferences among them, and none of themhad even heard of the distinction be.tween the two "hands". Does that hope-fully suggest that casteism (an uglyword that I cannot find in my fastidiousdictionary, but necessary here) and com.munalism are disappearing fast, atleast in urban areas?

Unfortunately, not. New and differentdistinctions and insularities have arisenin the historically recent past. In MadrasState, the antipathy between the minor.ity community of Brahmins and the ov-erwhelming majority of non-Brahmins(a word coined by themselves) flaredup a generation ago, and is still muchthere, in spite of protestations to thecontrary, though in a less open, and ina somewhat diminished way.

In fact, caste feelings run so higheven today that Mr. C. Rajagopalacharisuggested a formula to eliminate casteby extra-communal marriages on the

EX-CBIROUNDUP

---------------------Communities and Casteslargest possible scale; I thought this oneof the few ill.considered suggestions ofthis far. seeing elder statesman-in hiszest for liquidating caste by confusing it,he obviously forgot the many personalproblems that his formula would createin the domestic circle.

The division of India into linguisticzones (a division that I, for one, thinkquite necessary-our zonal cultures areso different and so intimately linked tothe regional languages, in spite of theindisputable community of all Indians)has again created openings for a magni.fied parochialism. The strength of theSouthern feeling against the impositionof Hindi has now been better appreciatedthan it was, and the need to popularizeHindi all over India (in all regions ofwhich there are older and highly devel.oped languages) by less direct and force.ful means has been recognized. And, sincethe Governments of our different Statesare much the same, and not given towide differences, what motive can therebe for the flare-up of such strong feel.ings over the boundary between Mysore

and Maharashtra, except on a linguistic,cultural and parochial basis?

Will these inflammable distinctionsbetween castes and communities disap.pear gradually, with time? I sincerelyhope so, and the speeding up of life andcommunications generally, which is astriking feature of the mechanical agein our country, will no doubt help tocreate a national feeling and a toleranceof other groups and communities. Butwe must not forget the new communi.ties that are coming up, of which wesee signs already in the relationshipsbetween trade unions and Governments,employees' unions and industrialists,and various classes of technicians andexperts, and, of course, linguistic groups.No careful and competent observer candeny that a sense of belonging to acommunity and pride in local colour areboth perfectly natural, or even the po.wer of insular exclusiveness is a sus.taining force in life. However, the futuredoes seem more hopeful than the present-or is that also an optimism that ispart of human nature? -THE END

Home Helps 'Dying' to LiveBy The Associated Press

CALCUTTA, India-The sign over thedoor reads "Home for Dying Destitudes."

Inside, 66 men and 72 women lie onsteel frame cots waiting for the end tocome.

These people are products of the pop-ulation.choked city of Calcutta whichhardly has time to care for the livingand can't be bothered about the dying.

Some of the men and women wereforced to leave the hospital beds oncethey were termed incurable, makingroom for those who might be saved.

Others were among the countless thou-sands of nameless souls whose home isCalcutta's sidewalks and gutters. Workis scarce and begging is fruitless. Gradu.ally, without food, the body weakens andthe spark of life fades.

People like these used to die anony-mously. In the old days, trucks pickedthem up and dumped them, like cord-wood, into the Hooghly River.

Then in 1952, Mother Teresa, superior.general of the Roman Catholic Church'sMissionaries of Charity, took over a form-er temple rest home for Hindu pilgrimsand made it a haven for the dying.

Since that day, 18,000 persons havecome to the crowded stucco building ona cluttered streeet in the slum of Cal.cutta. Of these, 8,500 died. But, amazing.ly, the others, most of whom have to be

DECEMBER, 1966

carried into the home, regained strengthand the will to live' and walked backout into the city streets.

Sister Barbara, one of the 272 nunsin Mother Teresa's society, explainedthat those who come to the home aremade to feel they are wanted.

Volunteer workers from Calcutta's Ca.tholic community, and members of theAmerican Women's Club, donate occa-sional mornings to visiting with the pa.tients, washing them or changing band.ages.

Nursing sisters administer medicinedonated by the U.S. Catholic Relief Ser.vices and related organizations in Bel-gium and Germany.

"We take them only from the streets,Sister Barabara said. "If they have some-one to look after them they may notcome here. If we see a dying person onthe streets, we have an ambulance pickthem up. We even have some childrenwho had been abandoned and werestarving."

Mother Teresa, who is 55, operates sim.ilar homes for dying destitutes in NewDelhi, Bombay and Trivandrum, in Ker.ala State.

Born in Skopji, Yugoslavia, MotherTeresa became a member of the IrishLorettta Society. She came to India in1929 and taught in Calcutta for 20 yearsbefore founding the Missionaries ofCharity. -THE END

21

Commander'sMessage

by

Joseph T. Nivert

National CommanderChina-Bunna-Indla

Veterans Assn.

Dear CBI Friends:

It was my happy privilege to installthe newly elected officers of the OhioState Department at a dinner-dance inToledo, Ohio, on October 22nd. Therewere fifty plus veterans, wives andguests in attendance. CBI goodness wasdisplayed many times and in many waysthroughout the evening. The affair washeart-warming beyond all expectations.Everyone possessed that wonderful feel.ing of happiness that comes with a goodtime and knowing that they participatedand really became a part of the affair.My sincere thanks to James Thayer forhis gracious hospitality and my congrat-ulations to a sweet guy, Alphonse Wil-helm, who was reelected for another termas Commander of the Department.

Congratulations do not stop here asthere were other recent elections forsome bashas. With pleasure, I announcethese newly elected basha Commanders:Steve Stevens, Detroit Basha; Bertha Ur.enson, Delaware Valley Basha, Philadel-phia: James Thayer, Toledo Basha; andJim Thompson of the Southern Tier Ba.sha of Binghamton, N.Y. May your termsof office be successful and may each ofyou reap much happiness for your try-ing efforts.

It is very gratifying to receive letters,to read and to hear of the wonderful ac-tivities that are being worked on andplanned for the various groups aroundthe country. To mention a few: BillyTodd Lambert of the Gen. Joseph W. StH.

This !pare i! C'ontribl/tea to the CBIV A byEx.CBl Roundup at a !ertJiC'e to the manyr,ader! who are member! of the Aun., of whiC'hRoundl/p is the offiC'ial pllb/iC'ation. It i! im.portant to remember that CBIV A and Roundll;are entirely Jeparate organization!. Your !I/b.1C'ription to ROl/ndup doe! not en/itle YOII Jomnnbenhip in CBIV A, nor doe! YOllr member.!hip in CBIV A entitle YOII to a !lIb1C'ription /0Roundll;. You need not be a member of CBW Ain arder /0 !ub1C'ribe /a ROllndup or vi!e tJ"!4.-Ed.

22

well Basha, Washington, D.C., is workinghard to strengthen and increase mem.bership in that basha, the Iowa gang ismaking plans for their annual get-to.gether scheduled for the first part ofMay, the George W. Sliney Basha of SanFrancisco is anticipating the ChineseNew Year celebration in February, thereunion committee from Cincinnati, Ohio,is hard at work and practically has itsprogram completed for next August 2, 3,4, 5. Meanwhile, all bashas continue toplan and hold their monthly or periodi.cal meetings. This is great. This isCBIVA. Unfortunately, there are a fewgroups that did not sprout wings yet andsome that lost the knack of flying. Withsome effort, they will get going, and ev.erything will be just grand when they do.

A little reminder that each of you isan automatic part of my membershipcommittee. "Every member, get a mem-ber." Please let me know about it whenyou do. Not to cop a phrase--Keep thosecards and letters coming. I appreciatethem.

Once again, we are in the midst ofthat wonderful holiday season. Our hopethat the New Year will be filled withblessings for ourselves, our families andour friends is a wonderful thought. Staywith it.

Christmas itself is a magic thing. Itmakes a family out of relatives, mereacquaintances become friends. It changeshouses into homes, makes bright lightsseem brighter and even'makes snow ap-pear more beautiful. Christmas leaves ev-erything a touch of greatness and peace.

Christmas to our children is a day ofexcitement, of realization of dreams, theculmination of weeks of eager expecta-tions.

To those whose life is ebbing, theaged, it is time for reminiscing, of fondmemories, for the warm joy of lovedones, for moments of regret for the fail-ures of life, for gratitude for the manyblessings of the past and the hope ofthe future.

For us adults, it is a time of merri-ment, of happy reunions and a time ofsharing one's possessions. Yes, Christmasis many beautiful things to many peopleand each one a magic thing.

It is indestructible and ever. lasting be-cause it is a state of mind-a way ofthinking-a certain manner of looking atthings-a belief in people--and our de-termined faith in Christ the Lord.

Because it is all these things and manymore, I take this opportunity to wisheach CBI Veteran and his family a veryMerry Christmas. May your happiness ofthis holiday season extend through theentire New Year.

JOE NIVERTNational Commander, CBIVA

EX.CBI ROUNDUP

------------------------To the Editors

CHINESE victims of Japanese air raid at Yunnanyi, China, in1943. Photo by Milton Klein.

3rd Combat Cargo• Time has apparently ta-ken its toll of the old 3rdCombat Cargo Group for Ihave seldom seen muchabout it in your fine pub.lication. We we reverymuch aware that other un.its were winning the wartoo, since we were usuallystationed wit h variousfighter and bomb groups.However, the accomplish.ments of the 3rd Groupwhich consisted of the 9th,10th, 11th and 12th Com.bat Cargo Squadrons to.gether with their individu.al airdrome units, were notto be taken lightly. WeDECEMBER,1966

went into operations inJune of 1944 with 104 C.47type aircraft. A check sixmonths later in Novemberrevealed that 44 of the or.iginal 104 were no longerin operation. Groundfire,Japanese fighters and fog.shrouded drop targets hadtaken many planes andmany crews. One plane ofthe 12th Squadron proudlydisplayed a Jap flag on itsnose having taken creditfor one official "kill" whenit manuevered a Zero intoa mountain side when itwas making a pass at theunarmed cargo carrier. 3rdGroup planes frequently

operated deep in enemyterritory since it was theirjob to fly in and supplyOSS agents who had dutiesbehind the Jap lines, Ire.call that in the first sixmonths of combat opera.tions we had awarded over1,600 purple hearts, silverand bronze star medals, airmedals, and distinquishedflying crosses. I recall toothat we moved several en.gineering battalions in.cluding their heavy equip.ment by torch-cutting theequipment in Dinjan so itwould fit in the cargoplanes and then welding itback together at the land.ing sites in the Burmesevalley. Our tour of dutycovered Sylhet, Moran, Din.jan, Ledo, Warzup, Myit.kyina, and Bhamo. Whocould forget those wonder-ful days of August 1945when we could see the warcoming to an end and thereturn to civilian life wasjust ahead for all of us! Idon't recall anyone whowas against using thebomb at that time.

t C. L. HALL,St. Ann, Mo.

Monkey's Funeral• Was amused at a Reut.ers dispatch from Nev,'Delhi, as follows: "Moret han 7,000 mourners inWestern India yes terdaygave a royal funeral to amonkey they believed wasan incarnation of the Hindumonkey God Hanuman. Thrmonkey, which came toDhrangadhra in Gu j eratState recently with its mateand settled near the Hanu.man temple there, was elec.trocuted by a live wire. Themonkey's mate walked inthe funeral procession."

RAY KIRKPATRICK,San Francisco, Calif

Basha in Florida• Have been working toorganize a basha here inFlorida, but it seems to bea dead issue. What iswrong with Florida andGeorgia CBIveterans? W~ynot learn about it?

DOMINICKMESSINEO,P.O. Box 4081,St. Petersburg, Fla.

23

The Gift You Give10 Times Per Year.~

This year make it a real CBI gift . . . for Christmas,birthday or any other occasion. Make it a subscription toEx-CBI Roundup, the magazine for all CBlers.

It's only $4.00 for a year, $7.50 for two years. And atyour request we will send an attractive gift card with thefollowing wording:

Gx-CBI Roundup--C1i1'1lA-llU'RCDA-I'lHlIA --

Ex-CBI RoundupBe sure to indicate clearly the name you want signed to

the gift card, and tell us when card is to be mailed.

P.O. Box 125 Laurens, Iowa 50554