Introduction Psycho-Acoustics Definition Psycho-acoustics is ...
· Graduate Program in Acoustics! Overview of Sound Perception & Room Acoustics Lab (SPRAL)...
55
!"#$%&%'#( %(* +%*,%'#( !"#$% '()*("+ ,"- ./01#" 2%)""#3 !"#$%&' )*%+"&,-. /01 )2&342' )%,' /01 546 7"80+,%-42 9"&3%,,2 :4;<;42 /01 =48,0& >,%&42 /01 ?,&,0 @,A6"2 /01 /,22+- 5346-42 /01 >+#3,%%, B+<,"2& ,& "%1 70";$"&, C&$;,2&-. /"D+; /+#E F ?3/ >"G3,A 9"60"&3 F >1C H,46 C44 9+6 F ?3/ >"0I2 J"A%,-- F ?3/ )6"2;" J+2; F ?3/ >"G3,A @,"% F >1C1 K4-3$" ?"%6,0 F >1C1 ="#3,% =4642; F ?3/
Transcript of · Graduate Program in Acoustics! Overview of Sound Perception & Room Acoustics Lab (SPRAL)...
!"#$%&%'#()%(*)+%*,%'#()!"#$%&'()*("+&,"-&./01#"&2%)""#3&
!"#$%&'()*%+"&,-.((/01()2&342'()%,'(/01(546(7"80+,%-42(9"&3%,,2(:4;<;42(/01(=48,0&(>,%&42(/01(?,&,0(@,A6"2(/01(/,22+-(5346-42(/01(>+#3,%%,(B+<,"2&(
,&("%1(
70";$"&,(C&$;,2&-.(/"D+;(/+#E(F(?3/((
>"G3,A(9"60"&3(F(>1C(H,46(C44(9+6(F(?3/((>"0I2(J"A%,--(F(?3/()6"2;"(J+2;(F(?3/(>"G3,A(@,"%(F(>1C1(K4-3$"(?"%6,0(F(>1C1(="#3,%(=4642;(F(?3/((
/01(>+#3,%%,(B+<,"2&((
@,A()CLM@5(L,2&,0(4N(MO#,%%,2#,((
/01(/"2+,%(=$--,%%(
Today’s Highlights
Graduate Program in Acoustics!
Overview of Sound Perception & Room Acoustics Lab (SPRAL) Research Michelle C. Vigeant, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Acoustics and Arch. Eng. Graduate Program in Acoustics
Center for Acoustics and Vibration (CAV) Annual Workshop April 29th, 2014
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 2 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
1)! Objective and subjective measures of concert hall acoustics
2)! Emotional response to room acoustics simulations/recordings using neuroimaging
3)! Effects of aircraft noise on children’s learning
SPRAL Research Areas
Topic 1: Objective and Subjective Measures of Concert Hall Acoustics
David Dick •! Ph.D. Student
Matthew Neal •! M.S. Student
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 4 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
Overview of Room Acoustics Research
Acoustical Design
Guidelines
"#$$%&!'(()!
!"#$%&'(%)*+,-./)
01&2.3%&3"1-4)*+,-./)
*+,-$&-!
5#$%&'(%)*+,-./)
!"#$%&'(()*+,(%-.*/0''1%'2%!3'4(53(6%7)+8%98:%;<./#=%>??@%
Loudness
Listener
Envelopment
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 5 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
" ! Goal: create a metric that can be used to predict listener envelopment (LEV) " ! Important component of overall preference
" ! An initial study was conducted to evaluate using a 32-channel spherical microphone array, an Eigenmike®, to measure lateral energy " !Comparison of beamformed dipole to
figure-8 microphone
Study 1A: Quantifying LEV
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 6 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
Measuring lateral energy requires microphone with figure-8 (dipole) directivity pattern
./+01%!21,$%34%&-!•! A#**B#)(#$%CD-%E?%
.34-$1,#5!21,$%34%&-!#$$#6!•! F)+#*G)1#%;E>%3B.**#H(=%
7-$8+8!
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 7 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
Polar Response Patterns of Microphones Tested
0°
15°
30°
45°
60°
75°90°105°
120°
135°
150°
165°
±180°
-165°
-150°
-135°
-120°
-105° -90°-75°
-60°
-45°
-30°
-15°
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0 dB
125 Hz250 Hz500 Hz1 kHz2 kHz4 kHz8 kHz
./+01%!21,$%34%&-!•! A#**B#)(#$%CD-%E?%
0°
15°
30°
45°
60°
75°90°
105°
120°
135°
150°
165°
±180°
-165°
-150°
-135°
-120°
-105°-90°
-75°
-60°
-45°
-30°
-15°
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0 dB
125 Hz250 Hz500 Hz1 kHz2 kHz4 kHz8 kHz
.34-$1,#5!21,$%34%&-!#$$#6!•! F)+#*G)1#%;E>%3B.**#H(=%
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 8 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
Differences Between Microphones for Room Acoustics Spatial Measures LF and GLL
!!""! #$""#%%&&''$$%%#%%&&((#))**++''&&,-../00..,1$%%''$$%%#%%&&((#))**22''&&,-../00..,,!
33!!!!!''%%4422556#$$$%%%%&&''((#))**++''&&,-../00..,1$%%''((#))**77''&&,-../00..,,8!
?8?%
?8I%
:8?%
:8I%
>8?%
>8I%
E8?%
:>I%-J% >I?%-J% I??%-J% :%1-J%
9!"-/:--&!;1,$%34%&-8!!<=!%>!?@
A8B!
C,/#7-!D$-E+-&,6!"#&0!<FGB!
!K#$.+#%L7%M)N#$#*3#(%
!K#$.+#%<LL%M)N#$#*3#(%
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 9 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
" ! Measurements taken in large concert hall (Omaha, NE) " ! Will run subjective study to evaluate different measures of the
room’s acoustics with perceived spaciousness
Ongoing Work
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 10 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
" ! Investigated the effects of using ‘matched’ HRTFs in listening test with auralizations " ! Selected 8 HRTFs from CIPIC
database using a clustering analysis
Study 1B: Average HRTFs in Auralizations
Frequency (Hz)
Tra
nsf
er F
un
ctio
n (
dB)
Frequency (Hz)
Tra
nsf
er F
un
ctio
n (
dB)
Example Cluster
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 11 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
Finding Matched HRTFs " ! Listening test adapted from Iwaya et al (2006)
" !8 bursts of pink noise around head with display " !HRTFs presented in pairs and compared
" ! Best and worst HRTF determined
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 12 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
Effect of Different HRTFs on Reverberance Ratings
:%
:8I%
>%
>8I%
E%
E8I%
O%
O8I%
I%
&:PA#Q:% &>PA#Q:% &:PA#Q>% &:PA#QE% &:PA#QO% &>PA#QO%
H-7-$I-$#&,-!H#J&K8!
H-,-17-$!#&0!F#55!.-L&K!
R#(Q%-&S7%T'$(Q%-&S7%!K#$.+#%-&S7%
I%U%B)+B%$#K#$0%%
:%U%H'V%%$#K#$0%%%%%%%:%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%>%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%E%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%O%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%I%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%W%%%%%%
Topic 2: Emotional Response to Room Acoustics Stimuli Using Neuroimaging
Martin Lawless •! Ph.D. Student
Charles Limb, M.D. •! Collaborator at Hopkins School of Medicine
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 14 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
" ! Uses rapid oscillating magnetic field gradients and radiofrequencies to obtain brain activity " ! Changing magnetic fields are used to detect small
changes in brain metabolism, in particular oxygen use in the most active regions
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 15 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
" ! Will combine results of traditional listening tests with brain activity
" ! Investigate emotional response to stimuli with varying levels of reverberance " !Subjects will rate pleasantness " !Results could contribute to field
of music therapy
fMRI Will Provide Objective Data
Topic 3: Effects of aircraft noise on children’s learning
Matthew Kamrath •! Graduate Research Assistant
Opinions, findings, conclusions and recommendations expressed in this material
are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of PARTNER sponsor organizations.
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 17 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
" ! Two major studies have been completed to study effects of aircraft noise on children’s learning " ! Both studies carried out in Europe
" !Germany [Hygge et al 2002] " !UK, Netherlands and Spain [Clark et al 2006]
" ! Both studies focused on the impact of daytime noise exposure while at school and found some negative effects on cognition " ! A study is needed to evaluate the effects of nighttime
noise exposure and effects on sleep and learning
Aircraft Noise and Children’s Learning
Acoustics! CAV Workshop SPRAL Research 18 Michelle Vigeant
April 29th, 2014
" ! Reviewing literature 1)! Aircraft noise and children’s learning 2)! Valid methods to evaluate key cognitive abilities
" ! Pilot Study Design " !Design should allow comparison of results to
European studies " !Proposed evaluation techniques must be
adequately sensitive to measure effects " !Previous studies have evaluated a number of aspects
of cognition, but did NOT find significant effects for all aspects
Project Objectives
% %% % % % % % % % % % % % %
% % %
!"##$%&'&"$(')&$*+$,--$-.)/)'#0(*)&'&.*#$1"#&")$*+234"55"#4"!"#$%&'()*#+,"-)#.)--)(
/0123)(#45#6784
!"#$%&'#()*+,&-.*+/0*11*(23*43536/7*,89/:9;<*,5=9<9>:6/:9;<*2/>*>373?:35+3<<*':/:3*/>*@/6:*;A*/*:3/=*;A*B<9836>9:93>*:;*A;6=*/*<3C*,96(6/<>@;6:/:9;<*D3<:36*;A*%E?3773<?3*A;6*,7:36</:983*F3:*4B37>*/<5*:23%<896;<=3<:0*(23*?3<:36*C977*3E@7;63*C/G>*:;*=33:*:23*3<896;<=3<:/7*/<53<36HG*H;/7>*:2/:*/63*@/6:*;A*:23*"3E:*I3<36/:9;<*,96*(6/<>@;6:/:9;<'G>:3=0
J#<*:23*<3C*KL1G3/6*?3<:36.*:23*D;773H3*;A*%<H9<3369<H.*:23*,@@7935&3>3/6?2*M/N;6/:;6G.*+3<<*':/:3O>*#<>:9:B:3>*;A*%<36HG*/<5*:23%<896;<=3<:*/<5*;:236*?/=@B>*B<9:>*C977*?/66G*;B:*63>3/6?2*/<5*@;79?G>:B593>*:;*237@*:23*4,,*>B@@;6:*:23*!0'0O>*"3E:*I3<36/:9;<*(6/<>@;6:/:9;<'G>:3=.J*>/95*$9?:;6*P0*'@/66;C.*@6;A3>>;6*;A*/?;B>:9?>*/<5*9<:369=*23/5;A*:23*H6/5B/:3*@6;H6/=*9<*/?;B>:9?>0
P/>29<H:;<*':/:3*!<9836>9:G*/<5*:23*Q/>>/?2B>3::>*#<>:9:B:3*;A(3?2<;7;HG*C977*73/5*:23*?;<>;6:9B=.*C29?2*9<?7B53>*KR*B<9836>9:G*@/6:<36>/<5*=;63*:2/<*SL*9<5B>:6G*/<5*</:9;</7*7/N;6/:;6G*@/6:<36>*/?6;>>*:23!0'0*(23*4,,*/<:9?9@/:3>*AB<59<H*:29>*@6;T3?:*C9:2*UR*=9779;<*/*G3/6*A;6*:23KL1G3/6*5B6/:9;<*;A*:23*@6;T3?:0
(23*:3/=*C977*A;?B>*;<*3<896;<=3<:/7*H;/7>*A;6*<;9>3.*/96*VB/79:G.*?79=/:3?2/<H3*/<5*3<36HG*9<?7B59<H*<3C*/96?6/A:*:3?2<;7;H93>*/<5*>B>:/9</N73/7:36</:983*/89/:9;<*T3:*AB37>0*'3<9;6*63>3/6?236>*A6;=*:23*8/69;B>B<9836>9:93>*C977*C;6W*:26;BH2*/*@/6:<36>29@.*3<H/H9<H*H6/5B/:3*/<5B<536H6/5B/:3*>:B53<:>*:;*/?29383*:23*@6;T3?:*H;/7>0
J+3<<*':/:3*C977*N3*H3<36/:9<H*953/>*:;*237@*@B:*,=369?/*;<*/*@/:2*:;A7G9<H*H633<36*/<5*>B>:/9</N7G.*C2973*=9<9=9X9<H*:23*3AA3?:>*;A*/96?6/A:<;9>3*/<5*3=9>>9;<>.J*>/95*'@/66;C.*C2;*9>*:23*+3<<*':/:3*@69<?9@/79<83>:9H/:;6*;<*:23*@6;T3?:
(23*;836/77*H;/7*A;6*/89/:9;<*9>*:;*9=@6;83*"/:9;</7*,96>@/?3*'G>:3=3<36HG*3AA9?93<?G*NG*/:*73/>:*:C;*@36?3<:*@36*G3/6*/<5*:;*53837;@*/<5*B>3
% %% % % % % % % % % % % % %
% % %
!"#$%&'"()*%!"#$!%&$'#!"!"#$%&'()*+,&(-&,,&%. '&/012,34&$3
!"#$%&!#'($)*$#)+,$"-)+.%)/.00$%/'!")!('!#'.&1)2'#3)!)#!%4$#).+).&$)5'""'.&4!"".&-).+)!"#$%&!#'($)*$#)+,$")5$'&4),-$6)57)89:;<
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
J#3$%),&'($%-'#'$-)'&(."($6)'&)#3$)/$&#$%)'&/",6$)K.-#.&)L&'($%-'#71J%$4.&)C#!#$)L&'($%-'#71)B,%6,$)L&'($%-'#71)#3$)L&'($%-'#7).+)M!7#.&1)#3$L&'($%-'#7).+)D""'&.'-)!#)L%5!&!@H3!0?!'4&1)#3$)L&'($%-'#7).+)B$&&-7"(!&'!1N'--.,%')L&'($%-'#7).+)C/'$&/$)!&6)>$/3&.".471)O$.%4'!)D&-#'#,#$).+>$/3&.".471)C#!&+.%6)L&'($%-'#71)#3$)L&'($%-'#7).+)P!2!''1)#3$)L&'($%-'#7).+Q.%#3)H!%."'&!)!#)H3!?$")P'"")!&6)#3$)L&'($%-'#7).+)>$&&$--$$<
5678!589:(
!"#$%&'("$)(%*+$,-).%//0%12/3
!"#$%&'%()*+,"*)#+
-.&%/0'+
1'.&20'3*'$%)+435%6$#+
7*''+!$%$*+0.*2.&*8+52*#*'$%/0'+(9+:&6+!5%2208+8&$;+60'$2&("/0'#+<203+3%'9+=*6*3(*2+>?@+AB>C+ +.8#>D5#"E*F"+
G*H$I*'+1'.&20'3*'$%)+I0%)+
Penn State Capabilities 7*''+!$%$*+1H5*2/#*+
-)$*2'%/.*+J*$+,"*)#+•! K&F*+2%'L*+0<+<**F#$06M+F*.*)053*'$@+<"*)+5206*##&'L+
N+60'.*2#&0'+O&'6)"F&'L+(&0<"*)+5&)0$+5)%'$#P+•! 1H&#/'L+2*#*%26;+60))%(02%/0'#+8&$;+&'F"#$29@+
L0.*2'3*'$+%'F+%6%F*3&%+O7!411@+Q&03%##+1'*2L9+R$2P+•! 1H&#/'L+2*L&0'%)+#"55)9+%'F+2*S'&'L+&'<2%#$2"6$"2*+O*ELE+
G-T-+K00F#+$0+K&'L@+G1KQ&0P+•! RUA+)&<*696)*+%'%)9#&#+O)&L'06*))")0#*@+<0##&)+<"*)#@+*$6EP+•! R03("#/0'+2*#*%26;+%'F+<"*)+6;%2%6$*2&V%/0'++
-&262%W+O-&2<2%3*+%'F+1'L&'*P+X*6;'0)0L9++•! 4'$*L2%$*F+6035"$%/0'%)+N+*H5*2&3*'$%)+<%6&)&/*#+<02+
F*.*)053*'$+%'F+%##*##3*'$+
G0&#*+•! -&262%W+#0"26*+'0&#*+%##*##3*'$+%'F+3&/L%/0'+•! -$30#5;*2&6+5205%L%/0'+%##*##3*'$+%'F+30F*)&'L+•! R;&)F2*'Y#+)*%2'&'L+•! R033"'&$9+'0&#*+%##*##3*'$+%'F+3&/L%/0'+•! Z*)&605$*2+'0&#*+#0"26*#+52*F&6/0'+•! U"$2*%6;+%'F++G0&#*+1F"6%/0'+
What Penn State Brings [! U"$#$%'F&'L+,%6&)&/*#+
\! K&'F+%'F+8%$*2+$"''*)#]+X"2(03%6;&'*29+2&L#+\! -'*6;0&6+6;%3(*2#+%'F+3&6205;0'*+%22%9#+\! !"5*26035"$*2#+N+%F.E+'"3*2&6%)+30F*)&'L+\! GR+3")/^%H&#+3%6;&'&'L]+%FF&/.*+3%'"<%6$"2&'L+\! X;*2306;*3+%'F+(&06;*3+%)$+<"*)#+5&)0$+5)%'$#+\! R03("#$02+F&%L'0#/6#+
[! _")/^F&5)&'%29+*H5*2/#*+\! X;*02*/6%)@+'"3*2&6%)+%'F+*H5*2&3*'$%)+*H5*2$#+\! G0&#*+R0'$20)+1'L&'**2&'L+%'F+X;*230%60"#/6#+\! 70)&69+%'%)9#&#+
[! Q%#&6@+%55)&*F+N+#9#$*3#+)*.*)+TN=+\! ,"))+2%'L*+0<+2*#*%26;+#"5502$+\! 4F*'/<9+N+F*.*)05+$%)*'$*F+`!+*'L&'**2#a
#6&*'/#$#+\! R%'+;*)5+&F*'/<9+6*2/S6%/0'+&##"*#+
[! R0))%(02%/0'++\! 7!`+60))*L*#@+-55)&*F+T*#*%26;+b%(@+4'#/$"$*#+\! _")/^"'&.*2#&$9+60'#02/"3#+<02+%)$+<"*)#+\! `'&.*2#&$9@+&'F"#$29+%'F+L0.*2'3*'$+5%2$'*2#;&5#+
!"#$%&'()*+,"-(."/%#()011%&(((
,&*)F+G0&#*+_*%#"2*3*'$#++4'+!&3")%$02ab%(^(%#*F+7#96;0%60"#/6+X*#$#+-##*##3*'$+0<+_*$2&6#+R033"'&$9+G0&#*+435%6$+K;0)*+Z0"#*+G0&#*+X2%'#3&##&0'+_0F*)+-.&%/0'+G0&#*+_0F*)&'L++U"$2*%6;+%'F+G0&#*+1F"6%/0'+
PARTNER Related Research+
2"3&%(
4++-%&5(6+07&%'(.81'+9(:;;%&%#"<+1(4%=%&(
Social Science Acoustics Lab
•! U5*'&'L+!52&'L+AB>c+
•! dcBB+!e"%2*+WE+!0"'F^5200<+b%(+
•! fR)&'&6%)g+#5%6*+<02+$%M&'L+
5;9#&0)0L&6%)+3*%#"2*#++
A node in Penn State’s interdisciplinary network: •!Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment •!Environment and Natural Resources Institute •!EMS Energy Institute •!Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences •!Materials Research Institute •!Pennsylvania Transportation Institute •!Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation •!Schatz Center of Tree Molecular Genetics •!Center for Microbial Structural Biology •!Hydrogen Energy Center •!USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Unit
7!`+Q&03%##+1'*2L9+R*'$*2+
www.bioenergy.psu.edu
Liquefaction of Lignin Co-Products
•!Catalytic co-reactions of microalgae with lignin •!Targeting new alternative
high value jet fuel •!Extensive experience with
production of thermally stable jet fuel from coal
Hydrothermal liquefaction of Microalgae and Organosolv lignin
Products methoxy phenols, long-chain acids, and long chain alkanes and alkenes
Catalytic upgrade to remove oxygen
R%20)&'*+R)&h02F+
Fuels were stressed under nitrogen for 2 hours at 900°F. Solid deposition is 7–8% in
JP-8 and JP-8+100; 0% in JP-900.
Comparison of stressed jet fuels Fuels on right coal based
JP8 JP8+100 JP900
Before After Before After Before After
b%2L*+)%(+#6%)*+2*%6$02+70$*'/%)+<02+60'/'"0"#+802M+
+
Climate and Disease
iA>_+=U1+1'*2L9+,20'/*2#+T*#*%26;+R*'$*2++;j5kaa888E)&L'06*))")0#*E02L+
)*%(!"#$%&'()*!'"+(& ™*
>#+;%--%-(
?5-/%,-(
?%#=8;%-(
•!,-.%/*,'#+012#%**•!!"#3.44*5.'6&4/*.%+*7'.%48#'/**•!!"#3.44*9/#'.(&*.%+*,'&/'&./3&%/**•!9.11:.'";1.2#%*.%+*<&'3&%/.2#%**•!9&8.'.2#%4**•!=#3>042#%?*,)'#-)4"4?*.%+*@.4";1.2#%**•!=:&3"1.-*=./.-)4"4**•!!"#&%&'()*,'#+012#%*A*$-&1/'"1"/)*.%+*5)+'#(&%((•!!)8'#+01/*B&1#6&')*.%+*C2-"D.2#%**•!*E"1'#.-(.&*F#'*<0&-4*.%+*=:&3"1.-4(
•!904/."%.>-&*G('"10-/0'.-*9)4/&34((•!H%/&('./&+*,'#1&44*G%.-)4"4**•!9088-)*=:."%*B&4&.'1:((•!9#1"#I&1#%#3"1*.%+*$/:"1.-*J"3&%4"#%4((
•!<"&-+*7'".-4*•!K%4"/&*9.11:.'";1.2#%*.%+*<&'3&%/.2#%*<.1"-"2&4*•!7&1:%#I$1#%#3"1*G%.-)4"4*•!L"F&*=)1-&*G44&443&%/*•!904/."%.>"-"/)*G%.-)4"4*•!$%("%&*.%+*M&:"1-&*7&42%(*•!K0/'&.1:(
>%11(?/"/%@(A8+B1%#C5(A#8'C%D(
www.bioenergybridge.psu.edu :(018=%#-8/5(E(81'0-/#5(E(70F&8;(7"#/1%#-*87(G+;0-%'(+1(F8+,"--(G0%&-("1'(7+9%#(#%-%"#;*(
+
I208&'L+%+!"#$%&'%()*+Q&0*'*2L9+4'F"#$29+<02+$;*+G02$;*%#$+
++
888E'*8(&0E5#"E*F"+
+++++++++++Z"3%'+!9#$*3#+
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Z"3%'+!9#$*3#+
+++++++++,**F#$06M+43520.*3*'$+
X;*2306;*3&6%)+72%H%&2+72&3"#+I2**'+1'*2L9+
Q&06;*3&6%)+_%#603%+T*'3%/H+
Q&0^*)*6$2&6&$9+T*1'*2L9+
Q&0<"*)+_%2M*$#+-3*2&6%'+T*S'&'L+I20"5+
!"#$%&'%(&)&$9+!9#$*3#+
1H$*'#&0'+ 1F"6%/0'+
+++++++++Z%2.*#$@+72*5206*##&'L+N+b0L&#/6#+
Z%2.*#$+!$02*+=*'#&<9+X2%'#502$+++++
K&))08+=0"()*-K&))08+
!8&$6;L2%##+12'#$+
_%'$;"#+-)0$*22%+
!%<*$9+%'F+Z*%)$;+
R%#*+G*8+Z0))%'F@++-)0$*22%++12'#$++X*22%I2**'+
b*%F*2#;&5+%'F+1.%)"%/0'+
NEWBio: Northeast Woody/Warm-season Biomass Consortium
>C+
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
?/"H%*+&'%#(:'=8-+#5(A+"#'(
Commodity Supply Chains
Biomass Production
Harvest & Collection
Conversion Plant
-!Cutting & hauling
-!Densification (baling, bundling or
chipping)
Farm gate
Plant gate
-!Grinding and formatting for
increased density
-!Fractionation, tissue separation, drying, or blending
for improved feedstock quality
-!Loads directly to transport vehicle
Handling &
Queuing Long-haul transport to
plant
Handling & Transportation
Off-site storage & pre-
processing
;j5kaa888E#3*%)E5#"E*F"a6#62+
Supply Chain Business Functions
A8+,"--(6+1=%#-8+1(I";8&8/5( J+91-/#%",(K7%#"/+#-(?077&8%#-(+G(;+1-/#0;<+1(9"-/%L(9++'5(F8+,"--L("1'(
"C#8;0&/0#"&(F8+,"--(
R0^520F"6$#l+ 435%6$#+0<+50)&69l+
An Example Project
•! !"L%2#+%'F+#9'L%#+;%.*+520.*'+520()*3%/6+&'+*m6&*'69@+60#$@+N+<"*)+9&*)F+•! -)$*2'%/.*)9@+#;02$+6;%&'+6%2(0H9)&6+%6&F#+6%'+(*+)*'L$;*'*F+$0+%6;&*.*+)0'L+
6;%&'+;9F206%2(0'#+02+0$;*2+30)*6")*#+<02+%.&%/0'+(&0<"*)#+
+•! R%2(0H9)&6+%6&F#+%2*+)08+60#$+%'F+50$*'/%))9+;&L;+9&*)F+•! R%2(0H9)&6+%6&F#+%2*+*'*2L9+F*'#*@+;%.&'L+<*8*2+BA+30)*6")*#+$;%'+%)60;0)#+•! R033*26&%)+5%2$'*2#+a+60#$+#;%2*k+
!! n*0R;*3+!! G0.0L9+!! R)*%':%'$%L*+
•! `'&.*2#&$9+5%2$'*2#k+!! 7*''+!$%$*+!! `'&.*2#&$9+0<+Z%8%&&+!! K%#;&'L$0'+!$%$*+`'&.*2#&$9+
1H5)0&/'L+$;*+R%2(0H9)&6+-6&F+7)%o023+OZ&L;+p&*)F+7%$;8%9#+$0+-.&%/0'+Q&0<"*)#P+
!"#$%&"'$(#)*"+,-.+,) )%&"'$(#)*"+,-.+,)
Experience and Track Record
I2*%$+#$"F*'$#+%$+$;*+6*'$*2+0<+&$+%))+
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
!2"(!>4(#$%%&''(C27D&%%72(7D(.?7$%E?%(F(!32&?B72(7D(!3%B>4?&(G@$?>E74(H2>@$>B&(C2752>A(34(.?7$%E?%I(C&44(0B>B&(@2$%%&''J&452"1%$"&@$(
!"##$%&'()*+%,#-./#+
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
#&%174%&(B7(K>%&(GL?3B>E74(
!M4>A3?(/3N2>E74(.N%72N&2%(OP$4&@(Q>%%(!>A1&2%R(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
!012&1.+3.*'..$45$6'..74/+8#9(11"-4'#+
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
S>B$2>'(Q7@&%(
-7$1'&@(Q7E74(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
:"'291.+3(#&1"9./.)-+")7+;"<.+:'4&"*"24)+
T7453B$@34>'(6>U&%(
P2>4%U&2%&(O09&>2R(6>U&%(
0$2D>?&(H2>U3BM(6>U&%(O=>B&2R( #>M'&359(0$2D>?&(6>U&%(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
%40)7+="7("24)+5'4/+%(/&1.+%40'9.+!47.1#+
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
A74717'&( @317'&( '>B&2>'(V$>@2$17'&(
W359&2(72@&2(?M'34@&2(A7@&%(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
%9">.'()*+45+:1").+;"<.#+
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
%40)7+="7("24)+5'4/+:1"-.#+?.<").#9.)-@+
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
0$1&2%743?(O2>@3>E74R( 0$N%743?(O&U>4&%?&4BR(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
%-")7()*+;"<.+="24A+=.B.924)+5'4/+C40)7"'(.#+
#&X&?E74(7D(>(=>U&(B2>34(D27A(2353@(N7$4@>2M(O%B>4@345(=>U&%R(
#&X&?E74(7D(>(=>U&(B2>34(D27A(%7Y(N7$4@>2M(O%B>4@345(=>U&%R(
#&X&?E74(7D(>(=>U&(B2>34(D27A(3A1&@>4?&((N7$4@>2M(O%B>4@345(=>U&(2>E7R(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
=.9-")*01"'+/./D'").#+
O+I+R( O)I+R(O+I)R( O)I)R(
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
E('901"'+/./D'").+FG.7+"-+-H.+'(/+
O*I+R( O+I+R( O)I+R(
O*I)R(
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
OZI+R( O+I)R(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
I)(2"1+E4)7(24)#+54'+%-'()*#+")7+!./D'").#+
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
%B2345( %'3?&(7D(A&AN2>4&(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
!47.+#H"&.#+54'+61.G0'"1+C.)7()*+45+"+C."/+7.&.)7+4)+-H.+D40)7"',+94)7(24)#+"-+-H.+.)7#J+
[2&&\[2&&( -'>A1&@\-'>A1&@( -'>A1&@\[2&&(
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
!47"1+")"1,#(#+'.#01-#+54'+-H.+<(D'"24)"1+/47.#+45+"+'"9K.-D"11+'"9K.-+
K&4@345(
0B2345(OA&AN2>4&R(
P72%374>'(
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
LG&.'(/.)-"11,+4D-"().7+M(D'"24)"1+!47.+%H"&.#+45+N0(-"'#+
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
M(D'"24)"1+!47.#+45+"+C..'+C4>1.+
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
O)(/"24)+45+-H.+-'")#(24)+5'4/+.<").#9.)9.+-4+&'4&"*"24)+54'+"+&"'2901"'+/47.J+PH.+#(-.+"1#4+94)-"()#+#.<.'"1+()-.'"92<.+")(/"24)#+()+!"#$%&"'(")*++E4/&0-"D1.+3490/.)-+64'/"-J+
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'(
!"#$%%&''((((((()*+,(-./(012345(6728%971(
]*(^(1>5&%(=3B9(>43A>E74%(3''$%B2>E45(>?7$%E?(>4@(U3N2>E74(19&47A&4>((O>43A>B&@(H_[(3A>5&%(=3B9(>??7A1>4M345(B&LBR(
(_4B&2>?EU&(1'7B%(>4@(>43A>E74%(OA7U&(%'3@&2(B7(?9>45&(U>23>N'&%R((T348%(B7(Q40P0D.+A7U3&%(=3B9(>?7$%E?%(>4@(U3N2>E74(@&A74%B2>E74%(
9:1;<<===">?%"1%$"&@$<@2$%%&''<@&A7%"9BA'((
@2$%%&''J&452"1%$"&@$((
