ØFþ ¾G0GFG0G ´ ¹ R æFþG{GGGaG %Ë
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ኟᏘ䛾ᮾ䜰䝆䜰䞉ኴᖹὒᇦ䛾䝻䝇䝡䞊(○)Ἴ䛸ỈẼ㍺㏦䠈㝆Ỉ ᇼஅෆṊ䠄ᾏ㐨Ꮫ ᆅ⌫⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㝔䠅 1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻 ୰⦋ᗘ⥲ࡢほⓗ࡞✵㛫ࢣࢫࡢẼ㇟ᨐ ࡣഴᅽᏳᐃㄝࡉࠋṦ㸪 ࢫࢺࢺࢡ࠸ࡘࡣ㛗ᖺࡢ✲◊ࡢ✚ ࠶ࡀࡋࠋࡋ㸪ഴᅽᛶࡢᙅ࠸ኟᏘ࠸࠾ ࡣᩍ⛉᭩ⓗ࡞ഴᅽᏳᐃᨐࡣẚ㍑ⓗᑡࡃ࡞㸪 ࠕษࡉ࡞ᙉࠋ࠸ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪ᒙ ࡢᨐ╔┠ࡋ㸪ኟᏘࡢᮾࢪす ኴᖹὒࡅ⥲ࡢほⓗ࡞㝆ỈỈẼ㍺㏦ ᗈ࠶ࡃࡣ⌮ゎࡢᯟᥦ♧ࡋ࠺ ࡍࡢ࠶ ࠋᅗ 1 ♧ࡍ࠺㸪ࡢࡇᮇࡢ㒊ᑐὶᅪ ࡣ40°N ㏆ࢪࢪ࠶ࡀࢺ㸪ኴ ᖹὒ ࡣmid Pacific trough ࡗ࠶ࡀ㸪 ࢥࢱࡣప⦋ᗘഃᙇฟࠋࡍࢪ ࢪࢺఏࢫἼࡇࡇࡣ㢖⦾○ Ἴ ࡍ ࡇ ▱ࡀ ࠸ (Postel and Hitchman, 1999) ࠋࡢࡇᮇࡣẼೃᏛⓗࡣᱵ㞵ᮇ┒ኟ ⤒⛅㞵ᮇ⮳ᮇ࠶ࠋኴᖹὒ㧗Ẽᅽ ᅇὶࡗప⦋ᗘỈẼ㍺ࡀ㏦ ࡉ㸪᪥ᮏ㏆ᾏ㝆Ỉࡓࡀࡍ㸪 ࡢࡑ⨨ᙉᗘࡣ᪥ࠎኚࡍࠋ௨ୗࡣ㸪 㒊ᑐὶᅪࡢࢫἼⓗ࡞ᨐࡢࡑࡀኚ ࡞ࡁᙳ㡪࠼ࡇ♧ࠋࡍኟᏘࡢ ᒙ ࡢࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ㸪㧗 ࡢୗࡢᏳᐃ(Hoskins et al., 1985) ࠺࠸⬦㸪ษ㞳పẼᅽ╔┠ࢣࡓࡋ ࢹࢱࢫࢫ࡞⾜ࡀࡀࡓࡁ㸦e.g., ᆤᮌᑠ㸪 1999㸧㸪ࡇࡇࡑࡣ࡞␗ࡣᥥീ♧ ࠋࡍ2. 䝕䞊䝍 ᮏ◊✲ ࡣ2001~2012 ᖺ ࡢ12 ᖺ㛫 ࡢ7,8 ᭶࠸ࡘゎᯒ⾜ࢹࡓ࠸⏝ࠋࡓࡗࡣࢱ㸪 TRMM (TMPA) 3B42 ࡢ㝆Ỉ ࢹ ࢱ㸪 NCEP/NCAR ゎᯒࢹࢱ࠶ࠋ3B42 㝆 Ỉࢹࡣࢱ㸪 TRMM ⾨ከ⾨ࡢ ࢡἼ㝆㞵ほ ⾨㉥እほ ຍ ࠼సᡂࡉࢹࡓࢱ࠶㸪50°S-50°N ࡢ⠊ᅖࡍࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣ᪥ᖹᆒ ศゎ⬟ⴠࡋ 0.5°×0.5°⏝ ࠋࡓࡋNCEP/NCAR ゎᯒࢹࡣࢱỈᖹศゎ⬟ ࡀ2.5°×2.5r㸪ᣦᐃẼᅽ㠃ᥦ౪ࡉ ࠸ ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣ᪥ᖹᆒࢹࢱ⏝ࡀࡓ࠸㸪 㐺ᐅ 6 㛫⏝࠸ጇᙜᛶ☜ㄆ ࠋࡓࡋ3. ᒙ䛾 ᨐ䛸㝆Ỉ䞉Ỉ㍺㏦ 350K ➼ࡢ㠃ࡣ⌫ⓗ 200 hPa ๓ᚋ ᅗ 1 ゎᯒᮇ㛫(2001~2012 ᖺ ࡢ7,8 ᭶)ᖹ ᆒࡓࡋ(a) SST (NOAA OISST; Υ), (b) 200 hPa ࡢᮾす㢼㸦Ⰽ; m/s㸧➼ᅽ㠃㧗 ᗘ㸦ࢥࢱ; m㸧㸪 (c) 350K 㠃㸦⣙ 200 hPa㸧 ࡢErtel (PVU) ࠋ107
Transcript of ØFþ ¾G0GFG0G ´ ¹ R æFþG{GGGaG %Ë
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( )
1.
140°N
mid Pacific trough
(Postel and Hitchman, 1999)
(Hoskins et al., 1985)
e.g., 1999
2.
2001~2012 12 7,8
TRMM (TMPA) 3B42NCEP/NCAR 3B42
TRMM
50°S-50°N
0.5°×0.5°NCEP/NCAR2.5°×2.5
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3. 350K 200 hPa
1 (2001~2012 7,8 )(a) SST (NOAA OISST; ), (b)
200 hPa ; m/s; m (c) 350K 200
hPa Ertel (PVU)
107
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2 PVU
2 1.5 PVU
(850 hPa)
1.5 PVU
2 2010 8 850 hPa 1kg/kg mm/day
350 K 1.5 PVU, 3 PVU
108
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1.5PVU 3PVU
3
350K 1.5PVU
0
120°E 18020°N 50°N
2.51.5PVU
10
1/3 7,8 3f 40°N
3a-d
3 350K 1.5PVU(a,b) 925 hPa, 850 hPa (c) (mm/day), (d) (c) (±20 ) (e) (Pa/s) (f)
109
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1.5 PVU
3e
7 86
3
2
2-
2
2 8 11
4.
Bretherton, 1966
PV(PPVI)
Robinson, 1989
15
4 3 Qlog-p
130 160°E
110
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SST 40°N
e-folding time 1
Q 2
1.5PVUQ
4 2PPVI
Q
2
Q
2(confluence)
4 Q
PPVI
20 30°N
5.
350 K 1.5 PVU
2( )
Knippertz (2013) “atmospheric river”
Atmospheric river
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5
350 K 1.5 PVU
111
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2
NCEP/NCAR
NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSDTRMM (TMPA) NASA web
Bretherton, F. P., 1966: Critical layer
instability in baroclinic flows. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 92, 325–334.
Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre, and A. W.
Robertson, 1985: On the use and significance of isentropic potential- vorticity maps. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 877-946.
Knippertz, P., H., Wernli, and G. Glaeser, 2013: A global climatology of tropical moisture exports, J. Clim., 26, 3031-3045.
Postel, G.A., M.H. Hitchman, 1999: A Climatology of Rossby Wave Breaking along the Subtropical Tropopause. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 359–373.
Robinson, W.A., 1989: On the structure of potential vorticity in baroclinic instability, Tellus, 41A, 275-284.
, 1999: , 46, 453-460.
5 3200 hPa
PV
112
