CH. 14 SEC. 1DICTATORS AND WAR

Objectives

Explain how dictators an militaristic regimes arose in several countries in the 1930s

Summarize the actions taken by aggressive regimes in Europe and Asia

Analyze the responses of Britain, France, and the U.S. to the aggressive regimes

Peace Unravels

1918-WWI ends 1919-27 nations meet-Treaty of Versailles

Germany resented treaty Italy and Japan expected more land

Totalitarianism-theory of govt in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people.

Soviet Union

1917-1st totalitarian state (Lenin) Stalin took power in 1924 Cruel and ruthless Wanted to turn SU into industrial power

and create state-run collective farms– Great Terror Purged Communist party of traitors

Italy

Didn’t get land on Adriatic coast after WWI from division of Austria-Hungary

Post-war depression Benito Mussolini

Fascist Party Followers known as Black Shirts Outlawed political parties, took over press,

secret police, suppressed strikes

After WWI-democracy, the Weimar Republic

Severe economic trouble and anger over Treaty of Versailles Rise of Nazi party…National Socialist German

Workers Party Adolf Hitler

Opposed the “ism” parties that promoted workers rights or class interests over German ethnic solidarity

Germany

Hitler Cont…

Book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)-national best seller! Stated his explanations for problems in

Germany Criticized many people, political

programs/ideologies, and mostly Jews Anti-Semitic-prejudice against Jews

1938-Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany

What Next? 1938The Western European democracies looked on helplessly as Nazi Germany swallowed up Austria and part of

Czechoslovakia in 1938, and Hitler’s juggernaut seemed unstoppable.

Japan

1920s-Democracy…ended in 1930s with Depression

Military leaders argued expansion throughout Asia would solve economic troubles 1931-Manchuria 1937-took control of Chinese rails

Did not become a totalitarian dictatorship, stayed constitutional monarchy

Dictators Turn to Aggression

League of Nations Weak b/c America didn’t join, no army, “long

on words, short in action” Hitler

Restored army and nullified Treaty of Versailles

Wanted to expand, 1935 seized Saar, 1936 Rhineland

Mussolini 1935 invaded Ethiopia

Appeasement

Policy of France and Britain against aggressive nations

Granting concessions to a potential enemy in hope it will maintain peace Caused fascist leaders to become more

aggressive Hitler-

Austria-no choice, union called Anschluss Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) Munich Conference-Munich Pact