ΥΛΙΚΟ ΕΙΣΑΓ ΗΥ Espa
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Transcript of ΥΛΙΚΟ ΕΙΣΑΓ ΗΥ Espa
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: . , . , . ,
. , . , . .
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2007
U
TU UT 10
TUH UT 10 TU UT 10 TU (buses)UT 10 TU (DMA-Direct Memory Access unit)UT 10
TU UT 10
TU UT 11 TU (cache memory)UT 11 TU ROMUT 11 TU UT 12 TU UT 12
TU UT 12
TU , UT 12 TU UT 13 TU UT 13 TU UT 15
TU UT 15
TU UT 15 TU UT 16 TU USBUT 16 TU UT 17
TU UT 17
TU UT 18 TU UT 20 TU UT 20
TU - UT 21
TUUT 21
TU UT 21
TUUT 22
TU (Modem)UT 23
TU (Scanner)UT 23
TU UT 23
TU Windows XPUT
-
TUUT 26
TU .UT 26
TU .UT 26
TU Windows XP. UT 27
TU . UT 27
TU Windows XPUT 29
TU UT 29
TU UT 30
TU UT 32
TU UT 33
TU UT 34
TU UT 35
TU UT 36
TU UT 37
TU UT 39
TU .UT 39
TU Windows.UT 40
TU .UT 42
TU .UT 43
TU / UT 43
TU Windows XPUT 47
TU UT 47
TU UT 48
TUUT 49
TU UT 52
TU UT 52
TU UT 53
TUUT 56
TU UT
TUUT 58
TU .UT 58
TU .UT 59
TU UT 60
TUUT 62
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-
TU UT 63
TU UT 63
TU UT 64
TU / . UT 64
TU (INTERNET)UT 65
TUUT 65
TU UT 66
TU UT 67
TU . UT 68
TUINTERNET EXPLORERUT 69
TUUT 69
TU Internet.UT 71
TU UT 75
TUUT 78
TU UT
TU OutlookUT 80
TU UT 81
TU UT 87
TUUT 88
TU UT 91
TU SPAM UT 95
TU MS WORDUT
TU 1UT 100
TU1.1 UT 100
TU1.2 UT 101
TU1.3 UT 101
TU 2UT 103
TU2.1UT 103 TU2.1.1 UT 103 TU2.1.2 UT 103
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TU2.2 UT 103
TU2.3 UT 104
TU2.4 UT 105
TU2.5 UT 105
TU2.6 UT 105 TU2.6.1 . UT 106
TU2.6.2 UT 106
TU2.7 i UT 106
TU2.8 UT 107
TU2.9 UT 107
TU2.10 rUT 108
TU2.11 UT 109
TU2.12 UT 110 TU2.12.. UT 110 TU2.12.. (Web) :UT 110 TU2.12.. UT 111 TU2.12 . UT 111
TU2.1 UT 111
TU 3UT 113
TU3.1 UT 113 TU3.1.1 iUT 113 TU3.1.2 UT 113 TU3.1.3 i UT 113 TU3.1.4 UT 114 TU3.1.5 UT 115 TU3.1.6 . UT 116 TU3.1.7 UT 117
TU3.2 UT 117 TU3.2.1 UT 117 TU3.2.2 UT 118
TU 4UT 120
TU4.1 UT 120 TU4.1.1 UT 120 TU4.1.2 UT 121 TU4.1.3 UT 121 TU4.1.4 UT 121 TU4.1.5UT TU UT 121 TU4.1.6 UT 122 TU4.1.7 UT 122 TU4.1.8 UT 122 TU4.1.9 UT 123 TU4.1.10 UT 123 TU4.1.11 UT 123 TU4.1.12 UT 123 TU4.1.13 UT 123 TU4.1.14 UT 124
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TU4.1.15 Word UT 124 TU4.1.16 UT 124
TU4.2 UT 125 TU4.2.1 UT 125
TU4.3 UT 125
TU4.4 UT 127 TU4.4.1 UT 127
TU4.5 UT 127
TU4.6 UT 128
TU4.8 UT 129 TU4.8.1 UT 129 TU4.8.2 . UT 129 TU4.8.3 UT 130 TU4.8.4 UT 130 TU4.8.5 UT 130 TU4.8.6 UT 130 TU4.8.7 UT 130 TU4.8.8 UT 130 TU4.8.9 UT 131
TUUT 132
TU MS EXCELUT
TU ExcelUT 134
TUUT 135
TU1. UT 137
TU, I UT 137
TU2. . UT 140
TU :UT 140
TU3. UT 140
TU4. UT 142
TU5. UT 143
TU6. TUT 145
TU7. .UT 147
TU7.5 UT 148
TU8. UT 148
TU9. UT 150
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TU10. UT 152
TU11. UT 153
TUUT 157
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8 157 2007
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9 157 2007
.
(hardware),
(software)
.
.
:
.
:
-.
.
.
(Main Memory), , ,
, .
- (Input - Output Unit - I/0),
.
(Bus).
. :
.
: ,
:
, ..
, :
, , ..
..
-
-
10 157 2007
H
(Central Processing Unit-CPU)
(processor) :
(Arithmetic and Logic Unit -LU)
(Control Unit).
.
,
.
(Registers). ,
, .
,
.
(buses)
.
.
(DMA-Direct Memory Access unit)
, .
:
.
.
.
, .
.
:
( )
, :
-
-
11 157 2007
(, )
BIOS
,
.
( ):
(RAM-Random Access Memory)
(ROM-Read Only Memory).
RAM
.
: p (write) (read)
.
, (words). .
, ,
,
(block frame), (
512 Bytes).
DRAM (Dynamic RAM - RAM),
, bit.
.
(DRAM) :
FPM DRAM
D RAM
SDRAM
DDR (Double Data Rate). n
, SDRAM
(RDRAM -Rambus).
(cache memory)
RAM .
(L1, L2, L3).
ROM
X
.
( -non volatile).
:
-
-
12 157 2007
ROM
PROM (Programmable ROM- ROM)
EPROM (Erasable PROM- PROM
EEPROM (Electrical Erasable PROM- PROM
Flash ROM
ROM .
BIOS.
.
D (Dual In-Line Memory Module),
.
,
.
,
, ,
(expansion slots),
. , ,
, modem.
,
PCI
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect -
)
.
PCI.
-
-
13 157 2007
PCI
AGP
AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port - )
PCI
.
1971,
Intel 4004 2.300 transistors (MSI),
8086 1981 ( o ) 8088.
,
Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium II, Pentium IV Intel
(35 . Transistors), Xeon 6 Athlon AMD.
Intel AMD
Celeron Pentium,
.
H (motherboard)
, ,
.
.
.
:
(expansion slots).
AGB .
chip - (Basic Input-Output System,
BIOS)
(Jumpers).
,
(serial port) .
(parallel port).
ID
-
-
14 157 2007
IDE, , CD-ROM ...
' (Floppy disk controller),
34 .
PS/2
USB
. .
.
-
-
15 157 2007
.
(chipset).
,
, - , USB,
. ,
.
,
,
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, ,
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,
, . .
, ,
( ) USB
PS/2. ,
.
.
.
USB.
.
.
, ,
cd-rom .
D 25 .
-
-
16 157 2007
PS/2 () ().
USB.
,
Centronics D25
(serial port) RS-232
, Modem,
.
, D25 D9
.
(D25 D9 )
USB
(Universal Serial Bus),
127 ( )
.
-
-
17 157 2007
USB ( plug & play)
.
,
, ,
, , .
( ).
, .
( ) .
, :
, ,
.
,
( Mbyte )
, :
CD
DVD
.
-
-
18 157 2007
(Hard Disk)
(Floppy Disk)
.
(tracks) ,
0
. , ,
( bytes )
(sectors), 512 Byte.
.
(Format).
(cluster) ,
, .
,
.
Windows
, FAT, FAT32, NTFS.
(Hard Disk)
(disk pack),
.
(cylinder).
-
-
19 157 2007
(.. 7200 rpm),
1 mm, .
:
.
ID
SCSI, .
, SATA(Serial AT Attachment).
(floppy disks)
,
.
1.44 MB 3
.
-
-
20 157 2007
.
Laser ,
pit ( ) land ()
0 1.
, pits lands
.
,
:
(Compact Disc, CD).
(CD-Recordable, CD-R).
(CD-ReWritable, CD-RW).
video (DVD-Digital Versatile Disc),
(DVD R DVD RW).
CD-RW (CD-ReWritable)
DVD
DVD ,
CD :
Laser .
.
.
DVD (DVD -R & DVD +R)
DVD RW.
-
-
21 157 2007
Jaz Iomega
(USB)
Flash.
-
, ,
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
.,
pixel (picture element).
.
(resolution) .
,
.
1. (CTR-Cathode Ray Tube),
.
CRT
2. LCD (Liquid Crystal Displays),
-
-
22 157 2007
.
, , () () LCD
,
LCD TFT (Thin Film Transistor).
3. - (Gas-Plasma Display),
:
.
(dot matrix)
,
.
.
.
, .
(inkjet),
,
.
.
.
(toner)
,
.
-
-
23 157 2007
.
,
.
(Modem)
Modem (Modulator Demodulator)
PSTN ..
ISDN ,
( netMode) USB .
(Scanner )
.
.
, (OCR Optical
Character Recognition) .
,
.
(CD, ..),
MIDI.
,
, .
-
Windows XP 25 157 2007
Windows XP
-
Windows XP 26 157 2007
U .
(hardware)
(software). (/),
, , ..,
/
.
.
, ,
, , ..
/,
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.
,
, ,
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U .
/
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(, , ..),
/ (..
), ,
, , ..
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, Unix,
Linux, MS-DOS, .. ,
/ .
, Unix
. Linux
(source code), .
.
, Microsoft
(Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP),
(mouse) , ,
, , ..
.
-
Windows XP 27 157 2007
U Windows XP.
Windows Microsoft
( Windows XP Professional)
( Windows XP Home edition).
.
; :
.
, ,
, ,
, , , ..
.
(Internet), , , .. ,
web
.
. (firewall)
, ,
Windows
, .
.
,
.
. Windows XP
(CD),
.
,
.
.
. ,
.
. Windows
, , ,
(hibernate)
.
.
,
,
.
.
U .
Windows XP.
-
Windows XP 28 157 2007
( ) Windows XP
.
(network domain)
.
, . / ,
(user account)
(user name) (password) , .
,
/ ,
, ..
/
. , ,
Windows
XP / . ,
,
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.
Windows .
(log off)
Windows XP /.
, .
:
,
.
Windows XP
.
/ Windows XP.
Windows XP
.
Windows :
,
Windows
:
Windows XP. Windows XP
/.
/ .
Ctrl+Alt+Del.
(hibernate) /, /
.
-
Windows XP 29 157 2007
Window s XP
U
Windows
(desktop) ( 1) ,
(task bar).
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, , ..,
(start),
, (/L),
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, Windows
.
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, ,
, .
,
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1. .
-
Windows XP 30 157 2007
,
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,
,
.
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, ,
,
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(C:)
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,
. ,
, , , ..
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(mouse),
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.
()
.
..
,
.
,
.
, :
-
Windows XP 31 157 2007
CTRL+C .
CTRL+X .
CTRL+V .
CTRL+Z .
DELETE .
SHIFT+DELETE
.
CTRL .
CTRL+SHIFT
.
F2 .
CTRL+
.
CTRL+
.
CTRL+
.
CTRL+UP ARROW
.
CTRL+SHIFT
.
SHIFT
,
.
CTRL+A .
F3 .
ALT+ENTER
.
ALT+F4
.
ALT+Enter
.
ALT+
.
CTRL+F4
.
ALT+TAB .
ALT+ESC ,
.
F6
-
Windows XP 32 157 2007
.
F4
" "
Windows.
SHIFT+F10
.
ALT+
.
CTRL+ESC .
ALT+
.
.
F10
.
.
.
F5 .
BACKSPACE
"
" Windows.
ESC .
(F1, F2,).
U
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Windows XP 33 157 2007
U
Windows XP
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Windows XP 34 157 2007
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Windows XP 35 157 2007
Windows
. ,
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( 4),
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, ...
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WORD
(WORD)
.
.
,
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4. .
,
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, ,
Internet windows
media player,
.
,
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:
(cascade), , .
(tile horizontally), ,
(Tile Vertically), .
-
Windows XP 36 157 2007
U
( ) ,
( 5).
/. ,
(Internet Explorer)
(Outlook Express) Microsoft,
.
()
.
,
.
.
( , ,
, ..), ,
, , ..
,
. ,
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5. .
-
Windows XP 37 157 2007
.
U
(Recycle Bin) ( 6)
.
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6: .
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Windows XP 38 157 2007
7: .
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, ,
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Windows XP 39 157 2007
U .
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(,, doc , xls ..).
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( )
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( , CD,
, ..) ,
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Windows XP
:
1. Documents and Settings ( )
, .
/. (user profile)
, ,
.. .
(
).
Windows XP , ,
:
,
.
,
.
.
-
Windows XP 40 157 2007
, (, , ..)
.
,
/.
,
.
Cookies, (text),
/
Internet.
,
Internet,
.
2. Program Files ( ),
/.
3. WINDOWS,
/.
,
.
U Windows.
(, , , ) /
Windows ( 8). .
/
.
,
, .
.
/
Windows :
, ,
Windows, .
,
, .
(.. )
(.. (C:)), ..
, .
-
Windows XP 41 157 2007
8. Windows.
(+),
(-).
.
,
,
( )
.
Windows
( ). :
,
,
,
, ,
.
Windows XP , , ,
, , .
,
, ..
-
Windows XP 42 157 2007
U .
, ,
, , , .. ,
( zip) .
.
.
:
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. , ,
,
.
,
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Windows
.
,
,
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,
.
,
Delete.
,
( zip)
,
.
CD, , ..
, Shift,
.
.
,
Ctrl.
,
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.
,
-
Windows XP 43 157 2007
.
, , .
U .
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,
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9. .
,
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, .
, ,
, , , , ..
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Windows . :
.
, , ...
, .
-
Windows XP 44 157 2007
.
.
.
Windows
.
CD-ROM.
CD-ROM ,
, , /
,
.
.
( 10)
.
10: .
.
.
.
. (File)
(Exit).
Alt F4.
Windows XP
,
/.
, ..
,
.
,
. ,
WordPad . WordPad
, Windows
XP. ,
, .
-
Windows XP 45 157 2007
Windows XP
WordPad .
, ,
. ,
,
.
:
, ,
Windows, . ,
,
: , ...
,
.
,
.
, ,
,
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, ...
, , ,
, .. Windows XP, ,
.
WordPad
rtf (rich text format)
. ,
(NotePad), WordPad
txt (text).
, ,
.. bmp, JPEG,
GIF, TIFF PNG.
,
( 11).
-
Windows XP 46 157 2007
11. .
-
Windows XP 47 157 2007
Window s XP
U
/
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,
, ( 12).
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,
,
/. , :
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/
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Windows XP 48 157 2007
, ,
,
Windows, ..
,
()
. ,
800 600, ,
(.. 12001024) .
,
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:,
.
, ,
, /, ..
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, , , ..
/
(plug and play).
(device driver)
,
(wizard). ..
:
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,
, . ,
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,
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.
() / ,
CD-ROM, Internet, , ..
(autorun) , setup.exe.
() .
,
:
-
Windows XP 49 157 2007
13. .
, ,
CD-ROM ,
Microsoft,
Windows, Internet, Outlook Express, o Windows Media Player,
, ..
U
Windows XP
() (CD), (DVD)
. Windows
Media Player WMA
3, DVD,
, CD
, (), ..
CD
, :
CD CD-ROM,
Windows Media Player .
CD,
( )
.
.
-
Windows XP 50 157 2007
14. Windows Media Player.
, ,
, .. .
, :
, Windows Media
Player.
Windows Media Player ,
. ,
Windows
.
,
.
DVD /, DVD-ROM,
, DVD
Windows XP.
DVD , Windows Media
Player DVD.
Windows XP ,
Windows Movie Maker, ,
,
.
, Windows Movie
Maker.
/, / :
,
.
-
Windows XP 51 157 2007
,
.
, (
, ..).
15. .
, ,
( )
. ,
.
-
Windows XP 52 157 2007
U
/, ,
.
/
.
/.
,
, :
(users) (guests), ,
(power users) ,
(administrators) , (backup users)
,
(remote users) , ..
,
. ,
, ,
.
(firewall) /
,
. Windows XP
Internet Connection Firewall .
. ,
, .
Windows ( 16),
, ,
, ,
. ,
Windows,
Internet.
-
Windows XP 53 157 2007
16. Windows.
,
( )
/,
.
U
Windows XP
.
, :
(Windows Update) / ,
, / .
.
/ , ,
. ,
Microsoft ..
,
.
,
, ..,
, ..
.
,
-
Windows XP 54 157 2007
. , ,
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/ .
, ,
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, ...
/ , ,
, ,
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.
-
Windows XP 55 157 2007
17. .
,
/ /. , , CD
700 . Windows XP
CD ,
, , .., ,
CD (CD-R)
DVD.
:
, ,
Windows, . ,
CD
,
CD. ,
CD
CD
CD, .
-
Windows XP 56 157 2007
1. Microsoft Windows XP.
, 2002.
2. Microsoft Windows XP.
Siechert, Carl, Bott, ..
, 2002.
3. Windows XP.
Levine, Young, ..
. , 2002.
4. Windows XP Professional Complete.
J. Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2002.
5. Easy Microsoft Windows XP.
Shelley. O Hara, ..
Pearson Professional Education, 2003
6. Windows XP.
Chris, Fehily.
Pearson Professional Education, 2005.
7. TUwww.learnthat.comUTT
8. TUwww.helpwithpcs.comUT
9. TUwww.baycongroup.comUT
10. TUwww.microsoft.comUT
11. TUwww.computer-training-software.comUT
12. TUwww.homeandlearn.co.ukUT
-
-- 57 157 2007
-
-- 58 157 2007
U .
.
, () ,
.
.
, ,
..,
,
(data)
, , , ...
, ,
, ,
.
, , ,
, .. ( ,
, ..).
,
:
Simplex ( ),
.
Half duplex (),
, .
Full duplex (),
.
, :
-
-- 59 157 2007
(bit rate)
(bps),
(baud rate)
baud.
, :
(bandwidth),
.
.
.
() .
U .
, .
,
( 1),
(UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair), (STP Shielded
Twisted Pair) .
Khz
Mhz .
1.
-
-- 60 157 2007
( 2), ,
.
.
2.
1000 hz
.
.
, (fiber optics)
( 1Gbps) ,
.
.
,
.
U
. (radio waves)
.
(5
hz), (50 Ghz)
,
(radio spectrum)
.
.
20 , ,
-
-- 61 157 2007
,
.
( 3.) , ,
.
(fiber optics).
3.
,
' ,
.
, ,
, VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminals).
,
.
(PDA)
. , ,
,
(capacity)
. 56 Kbps,
Mbps. ,
-
-- 62 157 2007
6 . (resolution)
150 x 150 pixels.
, HTML ,
(animations) applets. ,
(browser)
.
.
,
. 1997,
4 (forum)
. WAP (Wireless
Application Protocol) ,
, ..
WAP
(WWW), , ,
...
(, ,
, .)
. (,
, , , ..), (,
,..) (Ethernet, TCP/IP,..)
.
-
-- 63 157 2007
, -,
:
U
(Local Area Network - LAN)
( 1Gbps) (, , ,
..) 200 , .
(server) ,
(
) . ,
.
4.
.
LAN Ethernet, Token Ring.
U
(Metropolitan Area Network- MAN)
,
. MAN , ,
. ,
, .
-
-- 64 157 2007
U
(Wide-Area Networks - WANs)
/
- ( ,
, ). WAN ,
, ..
WAN, , LAN ,
.
WAN ,
modems, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL),
Frame Relay, ..
U / .
, C (Network Interface
Card) ( 4). PCMCIA
, , .
, ,
,
, ( MAC).
(Hub)
.
,
100 .
5. (NIC).
-
-- 65 157 2007
( INTERNET)
U
Internet ()
.
,
,
.
(ARPAnet)
.
1983,
.
(World Wide Web),
, (e-mail).
CERN 1989.
TCP/IP
.
, ,
, World Wide Web Consortium.
TCP/IP
.
190.6.200.120 ,
(domain name system),
(.. www.ekdd.gr).
,
:
com
co
-
-- 66 157 2007
edu
gov
mil
net Internet
org
gr
uk
fr
de
U
,
,
:
(server) ,
FTP (File Transfer Protocol).
(downloading)
, , , ..
(newsgroups)
,
(, , ,).
,
.
(mailing lists)
.
(Internet Relay Chat)
.
, ...
.
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2. Curtis Frye (2003), EXCEL 2003 -, Microsoft Press,
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