Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted...

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Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

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Transcript of Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted...

Page 1: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Page 2: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause

change◦ Occurs in various forms◦ Can be converted to another form◦ Forms important to biological

systems are chemical, thermal, electrical and mechanical energy

◦ Free energy is the energy in a system that is available for work

Energy and Matter

Page 3: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

Atoms are in constant motion The rate at which atoms or molecules in a

substance move determines its state

States of Matter

Page 4: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

◦Solid Molecules are tightly linked. Little energy

◦Liquid Molecules are not as

tightly linked Medium amount of energy

States of Matter

Page 5: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

◦GasMolecules have little or no attraction to each otherFill the volume of the occupied containerMove most rapidly

To cause a substance to change state, thermal energy (heat) must be added to or removed from a substance

States of Matter

Page 6: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

Living things undergo thousands of chemical reactions as part of the life process

Energy and Chemical Reactions

Page 7: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

Many are very complex involving multistep sequences called biochemical pathways

Chemical equations represent chemical reactions◦ Reactants are shown on

the left side of the equation

◦ Products are shown on the right side A + B C + D

Energy and Chemical Reactions

Page 8: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

Much of the energy organisms need is provided by sugar (food)◦ Undergoes a series of

chemical reactions in which energy is released (cell respiration)

The net release of free energy is called an exothermic reaction

Energy Transfer

Page 9: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

Reactions that involve a net absorption of free energy are called endothermic reactions

Photosynthesis is an example

Energy Transfer Mix Barium hydroxide and aluminum salt, and the products dissolve in water of hydration. This is VERY COLD!

Page 10: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

Most chemical reactions require energy to begin

The amount of energy needed to start the reaction is called activation energy

Energy Transfer

Page 11: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

Certain chemical substances (catalysts) reduce the amount of activation energy required

Biological catalysts are called enzymes

Catalysts

Page 12: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

Enzymes are an important class of catalysts in living organisms◦ Mostly protein◦ Thousands of different kinds◦ Each specific for a different chemical

reaction

Catalysts

Page 13: Energy ◦ The ability to do work or cause change ◦ Occurs in various forms ◦ Can be converted to another form ◦ Forms important to biological systems.

Enzymes work on substances called substrates

Substrates must fit into a place on an enzyme called the active site

Enzymes are reusable!

Enzyme Structure


Insight Presentation To Email (Converted)

Insight Presentation To Email (Converted)

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