Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs ...
-
Upload
sheena-wilkins -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs ...
![Page 1: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Edit By Ali Aldujaily
![Page 2: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control Actions to take
![Page 3: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Family Reoviridae Genus Orbivirus
24 serotypes worldwide 5 serotypes isolated in the U.S.
Non-contagious Insect-borne viral disease Ruminants: Primary host is sheep Others infected: Cattle, goats, deer
![Page 5: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
First described in South Africa Broad distribution worldwide
Mediterranean outbreak, 1997-2002
![Page 7: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Trade restrictions Imposed by BTV-free countries Animals and animal products
Cost to U.S. Greater impact on cattle industry
Reservoir for virus $125 million per year
Lost trade and animal testing
![Page 8: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sheep Severity of disease varies
Breed Strain of virus Environmental stress
Morbidity: up to 100% Mortality: usually 0-50%
![Page 10: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cattle, goats Morbidity: up to 5% Death is rare
Deer, antelope Severe infection Morbidity: up to 100% Mortality: 80-90%
Animals may remain lame
![Page 11: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Biting midges Genus Culicoides Principal vector
C. variipennis var. sonorensis
Ticks, sheep keds In utero Mechanical Venereal?
![Page 13: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Incubation period: 5-20 days Fever, depression, salivation Facial swelling, dyspnea, panting, nasal
discharge Hyperemia of muzzle, lips, ears Pregnancy: Reabsorption, abortion,
“dummy” lambs
![Page 15: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Oral erosions and ulcerations Tongue
Swollen, protuding Cyanotic
= “blue-tongue” Feet
Sore hooves, lameness Coronitis
![Page 16: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Salivation
Nasal discharge
Facial swelling
![Page 17: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Coronitis Inflammation of
coronary band
Lameness Painful hooves
![Page 18: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cattle and goats Usually subclinical Erosions, crusts around
nose and teats Coronitis Reproductive failure
Antelope and deer Hemorrhage, death
![Page 19: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sheep: Face and ears edematous Dry, crusty exudate on nostrils Coronary bands hyperemic Internal hemorrhaging Hydranencephaly, cerebellar dysplasia
Cattle Skin: Edematous, ulcerated, dry, thick folds Mouth: Vesicles, ulcers, necrosis
![Page 20: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Foot-and-mouth disease Vesicular stomatitis Peste de petits ruminants Malignant catarrhal fever Bovine viral diarrhea Contagious pustular dermatitis Sheep pox Foot rot Actinobacillosis
![Page 21: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Clinical signs History
Season when insects are active Wasting or foot rot
Laboratory Virus isolation in cell cultures ELISA, PCR, IFA, VN Serology Complement fixation Examination of proteins
Differentiation from related diseaseswww.usda.gov
![Page 22: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
No specific treatment Supportive therapy
Protection from the elements Fluids and electrolytes given Antibiotics
Prevention of secondary infection Control of vectors by insecticide
Reduce transmission Protect susceptible animals
![Page 23: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Not a significant threat to humans One human infection documented
Reasonable precautions should be taken Disease in humans is not fatal Treatment is supportive care
![Page 25: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Quarantine and movement controls Prevent spread of virus
Animals confined indoors (i.e., barn) When vectors are active
![Page 27: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Disinfection Does not stop virus
transmission Cleaning the premises
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) 3% Sodium hydroxide (lye)
Insect control
![Page 28: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Available Serotype specific
Adverse effects Fetal malformations Recombination
New strains of virus
![Page 29: Edit By Ali Aldujaily. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a08665/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)