Early African Societies. Early Africans travelled in small hunter-gathering groups. Each group...
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Transcript of Early African Societies. Early Africans travelled in small hunter-gathering groups. Each group...
Early African Societies
Early Africans travelled in
small hunter-gathering groups.
Each group had its own language, customs, and beliefs.
Some of these groups still exist today.
Hunting-Gathering Societies
The oldest male of the
group served as the leader. Although a leader, he is not
a chief, and individual families within the band make decisions.
They are not governed by formal written laws and instead rely on discussion and the wisdom of the elders.
Social Structure
The societies do not have a centralized
system of power. Instead, power is shared and balanced
between families of similar prestige and respect.
The eldest family member has the final say in all disputes.
Stateless Societies
Descent determines a
person’s inheritance (2 types)
Patrilineal where inheritance is passed from father to son. (Like in Europe)
Matillineal where inheritance comes from the mother’s side (Men however still hold the positions of authority)
Africa has both of these.
Family Descent
Age-Sets are groups
of people who were born during the same time period and in the same region.
Many African tribes emphasize these groups because they are going through the stages of life together.
Age-Set System
Few Early African
Societies had written languages.
Griots are story-tellers who are responsible for passing down the stories and history orally from generation to generation.
Griots and Story-Telling
Africa must wake up
The sleeping sons of JacobFor what tomorrow may bring
May a better day comeYesterday we were Kings
Can you tell me young onesWho are we today
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfdAJxUXgYI
Africa Must Wake Up
The black oasisAncient Africa the sacred Awaken the sleeping giant
Science, Art is your creationI dreamt that we could visit Old KemetYour history is too complex and rigid
For some western criticsThey want the whole subject diminishedBut Africa's the origin of all the world's
religionsWe praised bridges that carried us over
The battle front of Sudanic soldiersThe task put before us
Chorus
Africa Must Wake Up
Who are we today?The slums,deceases, AIDSWe need all that to fade
We cannot be afraid So who are we today?
We are the morning afterThe make shift youth
The slave ship capturedOur Diaspora, is the final chapter
The ancetral lineage built pyramidsAmericas first immigrant
The Kings sons and daughters from Nile watersThe first architect, the first philosophers, astronomers
The first prophets and doctors was
Africa Must Wake Up
Now can we all prayEach in his own way
Teaching and LearningAnd we can work it outWe'll have a warm bed
We'll have some warm breadAnd shelter from the storm dread
And we can work it outMother Nature feeds allIn famine and drought
Tell those selfish in waysNot to share us out
What's a tree without rootLion without toothA lie without truthyou hear me out
Africa Must Wake Up
Africa must wake up
The sleeping sons of JacobFor what tomorrow may bring
May a better day comeYesterday we were Kings
Can you tell me young onesWho are we today
Ye lordAfrica must wake up
The sleeping sons of JacobFor what tomorrow may bring
May some more love comeYesterday we were KingsI'll tell you young blood
This world is yours today
Africa Must Wake Up
Oral Story Telling Activity
Islam and Africa
Founded by the Prophet
Muhammad who is believed to have received teachings from God through the angel Gabriel. (640 AD in Mecca)
Islam in a monotheistic religion.
People living in the Middle East really related to a prophet who was like them and related to their culture.
Founding of Islam
Beliefs and worship in Islam revolve what is called
the 5 Pillars. 1. Faith – to recognize there is one God and
Muhammad is his prophet. 2. Prayer – 5 times a day towards Mecca 3. Alms – Support the less fortunate 4. Fasting – During the Month of Ramadan to remind
them that spirit is more powerful than body 5. Pilgrimage: All must go to Mecca at least once on
their lifetime.
Beliefs of Islam
Two Major Sects: Sunni
and Shi’a Split over a dispute over
who should succeed Muhammad as political leader of the Muslim Community.
Today the majority of Muslims are Sunni
Split of Islam
Muslim Cities became
centers of learning and innovation in areas such as art, architecture, literature, math, and science.
Women have a limited role with men mainly in charge of all affairs.
Islamic Law became the law of the land in these nations.
Islamic Society
While stateless societies
existed south of the Sahara, North Africa was being conquered and ruled by Muslim leaders.
As these Muslim nations grew, more and more African leaders began to convert to Islam.
Muslim States
A group of Muslim
Scholars who created an Islamic Empire that controlled a large part of North Africa and Spain.
They also spread Islam to Spain and African Empires south of the Sahara.
The Almoravids
Group of Muslim Reformers who seized power from the Almoravids because they believed that the Almoravids were not following the teachings of Islam strict enough.
The Almohads
In groups of 3 you will read a little bit about the origins
of Islam. Pgs. 263 to 268 1. Divide the reading into three parts, one for each
person. 2. Read your part only and take notes summarizing the
key points. 3. You will then meet with people who read the same
part but are in other groups and you will share and refine what you wrote.
4. Finally you will come back to your original group and present your part of the reading to your group members as they take notes.
Islam Reading and Jigsaw
1. Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes 2. The Prophet Muhammad 3. Beliefs and Practices of Islam
Suggested Split
Travels of Ibn Battuta