FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE RENAISSANCE:

SHIFTING PERSPECTIVES

Perspective: prefix per- means through root spec means to see or look and suffix –ive means performing a specified action

" We see things as we are, not as they are." —Leo Rosten

PEEER Paragraphs PREVIEW:

How did European society change as a result of the new questions, ideas, and ways of thinking brought on by the Humanist mindset of the Renaissance?

How might the beliefs, questions, or ideas of Humanists promote new ideas or traditions within your own civilization in order to make it more successful? Think about your civilization's government, belief system, and culture (architecture, arts, education, etc.).

MOVING FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE RENAISSANCE: WHAT DO YOU SEE?

Drawing on what you already know about the Medieval and Renaissance eras, please

determine which time period you think each painting is from, and together we’ll offer

specific reasons to support our claims.

Era you think the painting is from:

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Era you think the painting is from:

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What specific things do you see in the painting? What specific things do you see in the painting?

How did we gradually switch from one historical lens to the other?

3 Key Events thatContributed to the Fall of Feudalism:

1.

2.

3.

Chief Causes of the Renaissance:

1. _______________________________________________

(Think: friends’ houses and grocery shopping.)

2. _______________________________________________

(Think: self-rule and extra $$.)

3. _______________________________________________(Think: An interest in nature, the individual, and the larger society.)

Now let’s take a look at a true “Renaissance Man” whose life

exemplifies a wide range of interests and accomplishments. We’ll

discuss how his ideas relate to our world today.

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#1 THE “DECODING” CENTER

As you will soon see, Leonardo was very interested in “mirror writing” for a number of reasons.

LEONARDO’S MIRROR WRITING: YOUR TASK

Please use the mirrors on the desk to break da Vinci’s code and fill in the blanks on the da Vinci Code Worksheet.

Once you have completed the worksheet, try your hand at writing a line like Leonardo did.

The Code Exercise Worksheet also includes a quick WebQuest and Reflection Questions as well.

When you hear the lute, please move on to the next station.

HAVE FUN!

http://legacy.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/LeonardoRighttoLeft.html

Please copy this sentence in the space provided:

Then please visit: http://legacy.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/write.html to discover an even easier way to

write like Leonardo da Vinci.

QUICK REFLECTION:

Why do you think Leonardo used code?

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What professions use code today? Why?

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#2 VIRTUAL FROG DISSECTION CENTER

During his lifetime, Leonardo made thousands of pages of notes and drawings on the human body.

He wanted to understand how the body was composed and how it worked.

But at his death in 1519, his great treatise on the body was incomplete and his scientific papers were unpublished. Based on what survives,

clinical anatomists believe that Leonardo's anatomical work was hundreds of years ahead of its time, and in some respects it can still

help us understand the body today.

A skull drawn by Leonardo in a notebook dated 1489

A modern day digital image of the skull

THE SCIENCE AND ART OF DISSECTION: YOUR TASK

Please visit: http://www.surgery-games.org/dissect-a-frog-2/

and follow the online instructions for completing a virtual frog dissection. In addition, please sketch the frog’s organs on the Virtual Frog Dissection Worksheet and answer the Reflection Questions.

When you hear the lute, please move on to the next station.

HAVE FUN!

VIRTUAL FROG DISSECTION WORKSHEET

While greatly influenced by the writings of the ancient Greeks and Romans, Leonardo, unlike many of his contemporaries, saw the limitations of seeking the truth solely in those writings or the Bible. Instead, he took the startling approach of actually observing nature and asking deceptively simple scientific questions like, "How do birds fly?" To finish the bill, he then systematically recorded their solutions in his sketches.http://legacy.mos.org/leonardo/scientist.html

Please begin by sketching the frog’s internal organs here:

QUICK REFLECTION:

How did you feel conducting the dissection?

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How might looking at a body’s interior tellyou more about its exterior?

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In what ways does the process of dissectionreflect the values and ideas of the Renaissance?

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#3 THE “PAINTING” CENTER

Leonardo da Vinci was a brilliant painter who studied light and color.

Look at the painting Mona Lisa on the poster in front of you.

Look at the detail and rich color he was able to create.

Unfortunately, we do not have the same paints he used, so we cannot create the same colors; however, we do have

markers, crayons, and colored pencils.

LEONARDO’S MONA LISA: YOUR TASK

There are coloring pages of the Mona Lisa in this notebook, and you have 10-15 minutes to color this painting. Please use the closest

colors possible to those used in the original Mona Lisa.

Some things to keep in mind:

Once completed, there should not be any white space on your coloring

page.

Please fill the page completely.

Please answer theReflections Questions

on the Mona Lisa Worksheet.

When you hear the lute, please move on to the next station.

HAVE FUN!

LEONARDO DA VINCI’S MONA LISA

The Mona Lisa was one of Leonardo's favorite paintings, and he carried it with him until he died. Today, it is regarded as the most famous painting in the world, and is visited by many thousands of people every year.

Who is this familiar figure? Many suggestions have been made, but the most likely candidate is Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a Florentine silk merchant.

Another more unlikely - but popular - theory is that the painting was a self-portrait. There are certainly similarities between the facial features of the Mona Lisa and of the artist's self- portrait painted many years later. Could this be why Leonardo gave the subject such an enigmatic smile?

JUST FOR FUN:

Take a virtual tour of the Louvre and learn more about the Mona Lisa:

http://musee.louvre.fr/oal/joconde/indexEN.html

Mona Lisa stencil graffiti, Oxford 2004

Did you know that the Mona Lisa was once stolen? To get the scoop, please check out:

http://www.pbs.org/treasuresoftheworld/a_nav/mona_nav/main_monafrm.html

QUICK REFLECTION:

While “painting” the Mona Lisa, what newthings did you notice about the portrait?

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How do you interpret the expressionon Mona Lisa’s face?

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Can you think of any modern day portraits that may have been influenced by the Mona Lisa?

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During the Renaissance, European artists began to study the model of nature more closely and to paint with the goal of greater realism. They learned to create lifelike people and animals, and they became skilled at creating the illusion of depth and distance on flat walls and canvases by using the techniques of linear perspective.

DID YOU NOTICE? Leonardo used a technique known as Sfumato - the blurring of sharp edges by blending colors - to leave the corners of the eyes and the mouth in shadow. This technique makes the Mona Lisa's expression ambiguous.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&docid=kwrzzUpc20nw0M&tbnid=B4h4rZyyH4T9EM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.simply-san-juan.com/art-coloring-pages-san-juan-islands-washington.html&ei=A8JmU_CYI8naoATgooKYBw&bvm=bv.65788261,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNFt1QQslYElpGYcOxwsaGenpI4QoQ&ust=1399329645481462

#4 THE “INVENTION” CENTER

Leonardo Da Vinci was famous for imagining inventions that would not exist until hundreds of years after his death.

Some of these inventions included the submarine, the machine gun,the airplane, the tank, and the parachute.

These ides can be found in Leonardo’s journals, but they were never published.

These inventions were amazingly advanced for the time Leonardo lived, and they are still admired today.

LEONARDO’S PARACHUTE: YOUR TASK

Yes! You are going to build a parachute justlike the one in Leonardo’s Codex Atlanticus.

On the table in front of you there is a model of the parachute, directions, glue, thread, and scissors—everything you need for the parachute! Please also complete the Parachute Reflection page. When you hear the lute, please place your parachute in the designated spot and move on to the next station.

Some things to keep in mind:

Please stand up and simply drop the parachutes from your highest reach.

(Please do not throw or toss the parachutes to test them.)

Please write your nameon your parachute!

HAVE FUN!

THE INVENTION CENTER

STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR BUILDING LEONARDO’S PARACHUTE:

1. Fold along the dotted lines of the template.

2. Use a glue stick to glue the parachute into a hollow three-dimensional pyramid with four sides. (Please see Leonardo’s sketch below.)

3. Beginning with any one of the holes that have been made in each of the parachute’s four corners, please tie the thread with a double knot creating a loop close to the parachute.

4. Extend the thread approximately 9 inches.

5. Repeat this process in the other three corners.

6. Turn the parachute upside down and pull the four hanging threads so they are of equal lengths. Make sure that the parachute hangs level; all of the strings should be about the same length. This is critical for the success of the parachute!

7. Then twist all the threads at the bottom and tie them into a single knot.

8. Take a paperclip (small or large) and tie the strings to the top SINGLE LOOP SIDE of the paperclip.

9. Cut out the human figure and attach her or him to the paperclip.

10. Stand up and see if your parachute works. (Please only stand on the floor and reach as high as you can.)

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&docid=mde_rJyE-XxCgM&tbnid=sLxy8VYh68B-rM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.funstuffonly.com/renaissance_learning/lessons/science_para_template.htm&ei=xsZmU9ztJc-EogStuIDADg&bvm=bv.65788261,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNGVRXkOfQq-A434jEvX52hMfRfFhw&ust=1399330881554474

LEONARDO DA VINCI’S PARACHUTE REFLECTION

TRIAL FLIGHTS:Try both a large and small paperclip as a weight to see which one works best with the parachute. If the parachute does not work well, make sure that the shape of the pyramid is not distorted. How does the weight of the paperclip affect the parachute’s flight? Why do you think this is?

Like many of da Vinci’s ideas, this invention was never actually built or

tested by Leonardo himself. But, in 2000, daredevil Adrian Nichols constructed a

prototype based on da Vinci’s design and tested it. Despite skepticism from experts, da Vinci’s design worked as intended and Nichols even noted that it had a smoother

ride than the modern parachute.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1704849/Leonardo-da-Vincis-parachute

QUICK REFLECTION:

What are parachutes used for today?

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How might Leonardo’s parachute representpeople’s shifting perceptions from the

Middle Ages to the Renaissance?

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What modern inventions can be tracedback to Leonardo’s notebooks?

(See: http://legacy.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/InventorsWorkshop.html)

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PEEER Paragraph Time

PEEER PARAGRAPH #1:

How did European society change as a result of the new questions, ideas, and ways of thinking brought on by the Humanist mindset of the Renaissance?

Position:Make a claim about how European society changed as a result of the new questions, ideas, and ways of thinking brought on by the Humanist mindset of the Renaissance. (In other words, How did the Humanist ideals challenge Medieval thought and how did this affect people?)

Explain:How did people think differently in the Renaissance? What new ideas changed people's attitudes about the world?

Evidence:Please cite specific examples from art, philosophy, science, literature, and/or engineering that support your claim. Show the reader some of the new developments and advancements that took place during the Renaissance.

Explore:Analyze how the ideas you discuss changed European society. Please use the compare and contrast words below to explain how these ideas differed from those of the Middle Ages.

Compare Signal Words:Similarly, similar to

As well asAt the same timeIn the same way

BothLikewise

AlsoMuch as

Too

Contrast Signal Words:Although

As opposed toDifferent from

In contrastHowever

ButThoughUnlike

On the other hand,

Restate:Tell us, in a fresh way, why how the Humanist ideas of the Renaissance changed European society and why this shift was so important.

PEER PARAGRAPH #2:

How might the beliefs, questions, or ideas of Humanists promote new ideas or traditions within your own civilization in order to make it more successful? Think about your civilization's government, belief system, and culture (architecture, arts, education, etc.).

Position:Make a claim about how the ideas of Humanism might promote new ideas or traditions within your own civilization to make it more successful.

Explain:Discuss a few of the attitudes of Humanism and suggest ways that your civilization might benefit from incorporating these ideals.

Evidence:Please cite specific examples from your laws, belief system, and culture that would be changed by the questions or ideas of Humanism. For example, your laws might be revamped to more fully recognize the dignity of every individual or your belief system might include a mix of scientific investigation and faith (to make room for the discoveries of people like Copernicus...). Please offer at least two or three examples of how Humanist ideas might make your civilization even stronger.

Explore:Analyze how Humanist ideas in the examples you offer would change your civilization for the better. How might these ideas help your civilization improve and thrive? Please use at least two adjective clauses in your response:

Signal Word Refers to Examplewho people He is the thinker who claimed

the earth rotates.(Remember: He claimed the

earth rotates.)whom people The Pope, to whom Copernicus

dedicated On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, may have not been flattered. (Remember:

Copernicus dedicated On The Revolutions of the Heavenly

Spheres to him.)

whose people/ownershippossessive

Leonardo, whose talents are undeniable, was a true

Renaissance Man.that people or things He is the one that I admire most.

which things Humanist ideas, which we just studied, are credited to

Petrarch.

where location Italy, where Humanism was said to have developed, is a beautiful

country.when time The Renaissance, when some of

the most amazing artistic advances too place, lasted

roughly from 1300 to 1600 C.E.

Restate:Tell us, in a fresh way, how and why your society would be even more successful by incorporating some ideas or traditions inspired by the Humanists.

Humanism and the Renaissance Paragraph RUBRIC

The following criteria have been used to grade your Humanism and Renaissance paragraphs:

PARAGRAPH #1

Criteria Score (4, 3, 2, 1)The paragraph has a solid thesis that offers ways that European society changed because of the new ideas offered by Humanism during the Renaissance.

The paragraph offers specific examples of Humanist ideas and questions that would have affected people’s ways of thinking.

The paragraph cites specific examples from art, philosophy, science, literature, and/or engineering that support your claim and show advancements made in Europe during the Renaissance. Please use a proper quote sandwich.

The paragraph includes a restatement of the main idea (thesis) in light of all of the information discussed.

Grammar – Within the paragraphs, words are capitalized correctly. There are no misspelled words, and sentences are punctuated correctly. At least one or two of the compare and contrast words that we have studied are used within the paragraph.

PARAGRAPH #2

Criteria Score (4, 3, 2, 1)The paragraph has a solid thesis that describes ways Humanism might promote new ideas or traditions within your own civilization to make it more successful.

The paragraph offers specific examples of Humanist ideas and questions that would have an effect your civilization.

The paragraph cites specific examples from your laws, belief system, and culture that would be changed by the questions or ideas of Humanism. Please use a proper quote sandwich.

The paragraph includes a restatement of the main idea (thesis) in light of all of the information discussed.

Grammar – Within the paragraphs, words are capitalized correctly. There are no misspelled words, and sentences are punctuated correctly. At least two adjective clauses are used within the paragraph.