Divisions: Ocean is divided into two basic units. Pelagic environment - The ocean

water itself. 2% of organisms Benthic environment – The

bottom/seafloor. 98 % of organisms Provinces of Pelagic

Environment: Neritic - Shallow part of the ocean

above the drop-off of the continental shelf, shore line-200m

Oceanic – Open ocean; extends from the continental shelf beyond 200m

Oceanic Zones: Epipelagic –surface – 200m

(aka “sunlight zone”)

Mesopelagic - 200m – 1,000m (aka “twilight zone”)

Bathypelagic - 1,000m – 4,000m (aka “midnight zone”)

Abyssopelagic - 4,000m – 6000m (aka “abyssal zone”)

Hadalpelagic –6,000m – 10,000m (aka “hadal zone”)

Other Zones/Terms: Photic Zone: Enough light in which

photosynthesis can take place Apohtic: Not enough light for photosynthesis

to occur.

  Classifying Organisms:

Plankton (plankton/photosynthetic organisms) Nekton (free swimmers) Benthos (bottom dwellers)

Physical Anatomical or Structural

Flounder fish have eyes on one side of body, penguin wings reduced to flippers

Behavioral Something learned or innate

snails go up stalks to avoid high tide, female penguins hunt while male keeps the egg

Physiological Process

In sea turtles during long dives, blood is shunted away from tissues tolerant of low oxygen levels toward the heart, brain, and central nervous system. Male penguins can make milk.

Taxonomy - The science of classification of living things

Carolus Linnaeus - Devised a classification system for organisms based on structural similarity. Linnaeus’ Classification System:

*Remember by: King Phillip Came Over for Green Spaghetti

Binomial Nomenclature - Two-word naming system.

The first word: genus name; Second word: species name. Example: Common Name: Western

Cottonmouth Scientific Name: Agkistrodon piscivorous

Agkistrodon = genus piscivorous = species

piscivorous = “fish eater”

Eubacteria Archeabacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Anamalia

Kingdom ProtistaPhytoplankton

phylum dinophyta-dinoflagellates and diatoms

Zooplankton phylum sarcodena-radiolarians;

phylum cilophora-ciliatesPlant-like Protists

phylum chlorophyta-green algea; phylum phaeophyta-brown algae; phylum chrysophyta-golden algea; phylum heterokontophyta-giant kelp and oarweed

Kingdom PlantaePhylum angiospermaphyta: seagrasses and eel grass, turtle grass, mermaid fan plants, water lillies

Kingdom AnamaliaPhylum Porifera: spongesPhylum Arthropoda: insects, crustaceans such as lobsters, crabsPhylum Echinodermata: sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbersPhylum Cnideria: jellyfish, coral, anemones, Phylum Mollusca: snails, squid, octopus, clams, shellfish, sea slugsPhylum Chordata

Phylum ChordataClass Amphibia: frogs, salamanders, mud puppiesClass Reptilia: snakes, crocodiles, sea turtlesClass Aves: birdsClass Agnatha, Osteoichthyes and Chondrocthyes (fish): jawless fish, bony fish, sharks, skates and raysClass Mammalia: whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, manatees, narwhals

Dichotomous KeyA written set of choices that leads to the name of an organism and is used to identify organisms

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