Word Formqtion

Prelixes are syllables which we add before certainwords to form new words. The meaning of the new worddepends on the prefix that has been used.

antF = against (antisocial)bi- = two (biannual)co- = with (co-driver)

counter- = in the opposite direction (counteract)ex- - previous, former (ex-wife)

inter- = between (international)mis- = done wrongly or badly (misiudge)mono- = one (monologue)multi- = many (multicultural)noh- = nol (non-smoker)out- = more, betler (outgrow)ov€r- = (done) to a great extent (overconfident)post- - after (postgraduate)pre- = before (prehistoric)

Pro- = in favour of (proactive)ne- = again (reconsider)semi- = halt (semi-final)sub- = under, less (subzero,)

super- = big, more (supersfar)

trans- = (travel) lrom one side, group etc to another(transatlantic)tri- = three (triathlon)under- = not enough (undercooked)uni- = one (unicycle)

The prefixes below are used to express oppositemeanings.

de- deactivate,dehydrationdis- disability,disagreein- inactive, inexistent BUT il- (before l) illegible

im- (before b, m, p) imbalance,immoral,improbable ir- (before r) irregular BUT

non- unrealistic, unreliableun- non-smokefnon-stop

unemployed, unlucky

Some prefixes are added to words to form verbs.

en- circle - encircleBUTem- (before b, m, p) body-embody,empower

Suflixes are syllables which we add to the end ofcertain words to form new words.

- Nouns referring to people

. verb + -er/-orl-ar (manage - manager, invent -inventor, burgle - burglar)

. noun/verb/adjective + -lst (science - sclentist,pacify - pacifist active - activist)

. verb + -anU-ent (assisf - assisfant, correspond-correspondent)

. noun + -an/-lan (republic - republican, diet -dietician)

. verb + -ee (train - trainee)

- Nouns formed from verbs

- Nouns formed from adjectives

pack - packagearrive - arrivalaccept - acceptancealter - alterationreside - resldenceedit - editionbase - basementconclude - conclusionanalyse - analysisrecognise - recognitiondepart - departureunite - uni$

arrogant - arrogancefluent - fluencyconvenient - conveniencedirect - directionhappy - happinessconscious - consciousnessmajor - majoritycruel - crueltyhonest - honesty

rock - rockyweek - weekly

'age-al-ance-ation-ence-ion-ment-sion-sis-tion-ure-v

-ance-cy-ence-ion-iness-ness'ity-ty'v

-al-ic-ical-ish-ive-lul

Adjectives formed lrom nouns-ous danger - dangerous

-less breath - breafhless-ant dominance - dominant-able comfort - comfortable

envi ron ment - env i ro n m e ntalenfhusrast - enthusi asticauto b iog ra p hy - auto b i o g ra p h ica Ichild - childisheffect - effectivecare - caretul

'v-ly

access - accessibleexhaust - exhaustiveconsider - consideratedepend - dependentfrighten - frightening (describes whatsomeone or something is)

interest - interested (describes how

someone feels)

- Verbs formed from adjectivesshort - shortenmodern - modernise

- Verbs formed from nouns

Adjectives formed lrom verbs-able believe - believable-ible-ive-ate-ent'ing

-ed

-en-lse

l'

length - lengthen

Word Formqtion

23

Il Fill in the correct form of the words in bold using the appropriate prefix.

Students organised a(n) ............ protest against conflictsaround the world.Mary is ......... as she speaks both English and ltalian fluently.A ................ is always on board the aircraft to assist the captainduring a flight.The football team launched a ........... against their opponentand scored.After linalising their divorce, Jane has no contact whatsoever with her

6 United Airlines covers ......... flights in over 69 countriesworldwide.

7 Please don't ........... me; I don't mean to be rude.8 Jack is a ............ and owns his own private jet and island.9 Access to the swimming pool is prohibited to ...............

10 Jake always tries to ......... everybody else in the class.11 Make sure you don't ......... as you will miss the train.12 Matthew enrolled to do a ......... course after completing his

first degree.13 By attending a ................ young children learn important social

skills by interacting with other children.14 I was asked to ............... my assignment all over again as my

professor thought it was unsatisfactory.15 The Smiths thought it would be better to move into a .........

house in the suburbs.16 She used the ............. to get to the other side of the road much

safely.17 Spiderman is a fictional, comic book .......... who has lots of

special powers.18 Many police officers and firefighters often complain that they are

......... for the dangerous work that they do.19 This school requires all students to wear a ................ everyday.

El Fill in the correct form of the words in bold forming nouns referring to people.

1 A qualified ski ........... will show you how to use the necessaryequipment.

2 She hired a fitness ......... to help her get back into shape.3 Ralph pursued a highly successful musical career as a ...........

and composer.4 A Clinic is looking for an experienced ......... for its medical

office.5 Samantha is a qualified ............. and holds teaching seminars

in different countries around the world.6 Pedro claims to be a ......... of King Juan Carlos I of Spain.7 Jane is currently a medical ......... at Harvard University.8 David Copperfield is a world famous and successful ..............

who's won lots of awards.9 Local ......... decided to set up a neighbourhood watch.

10 The examiner asked the ............. to compare the two pictures.11 The radio station reported an increase in ............... this year.12 You should be careful when driving to look out for

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UNDERSTANDMILLIONAIREMEMBERSDOSLEEPGRADUATE

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PAIDFORM

INSTRUCT

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TYPE

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DESCENDSTUDYMAGIC

RESIDEEXAMINELISTENCYCLE

Word Formqtion

1

2

11

12

Et Fill in the correct form of the words in bold forming nouns from verbs.

To get to the caf6 you have to walk down a narrowThe campaign aims to draw people's ......... to the harmfuleffects of pollution on the environment.

3 There seems to be extreme ................ between the twocompanres.Whatever you choose is really just a matter of personal .................I have household ......... in case I ever get burgled.Jim has announced his .............. to step down as manager.They were very lucky to escape the accident withoutThe university required a letter of ............... ........ with my application form.The car broke down due to engineThis manual provides a clear ......... of how to install theprogram on your computer.We accept cards and cash as methods of ...............Our school puts great .... on communication and social skills.

H Fill in the correct form of the words in bold forming nouns from adjectives.

1 Her ......... as a film star has earned her much successwithin the industry.Sandra is trying to improve her ............. by cycling to workevery day.The ............ between NewYork City and Los Angeles is about3,960km.Many celebrities do not want their ........... invaded by reporters.The lawyer hoped that the new evidence would prove his defendant's

He tries to achieve ......... in everything that he does.Fred's ......... to his lriends is his best feature.Samuel had ............ in understanding the maths exercise.

El Fill in the correct form of the words in bold forming adiectives from nouns.

Susie is really .......... she paints the most beautiful paintings.It was great to see the villagers performing their ........... danceduring the festival.The ............ model of the computer costs less and has fewerfeatures.

4 My school was founded by a very ......... man who believededucation should be free.He's my favourite sportsman because he's such a(n) ............athlete.My dog might look mean but he's completely ............The Adder is the only ......... snake in Britain.Make sure you arrange the liles in ............... ............. order.My little brother is such a(n) ............ child; he's alwaysrunning around.I wish I could buy that watch, but it's too ............. for me.Sandra has an aquarium with lots of ............... fish inside.My father is a very sensible person, who always makesdecisions.

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INNOCENTPERFECTLOYALDIFFICULT

ARTTRADITION

BASE

WEALTH

BRILLIANCE

HARMPOISONALPHABETENERGY

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Word Formqtion

El Fill in the correct form of the words in bold forming verbs from adjectives/nouns.

1 You have to the screw as much as you can so it won't TIGHTcome loose.

ffiil Fill in the correct form of the words in bold forming adiectives from verbs.

1 I don't think this car is very lt keeps breaking down.2 Julie is a very ......... woman;she's so pretty.3 Susan is a(n) ......... girl that you can always rely on.4 lt was very ........... of you to help out at the fundraiser.5 That was a(n) . fitm. I reaily enjoyed it.6 Completing the marathon was a . experience.7 Tom was ............ ........ by the news that his sister was getting married.

The youth center started a campaign to ............... street out.You can do these simple exercises to ............... your muscles.Laura loves going out and ............ with her friends atweekends.Anne's nail varnish takes five minutes to ...............

1 He felt like he had been working ................ all year anddesperately needed a holiday.

2 I strongly ......... having to wait in long queues.3 Our trip to Venice was an ......... experience.4 The company's estimate of the cost of the project was completely

5 lt is quite .......... for her to be late for work.6 Some food starts to ............... when you leave it out of the

fridge.7 lt is ......... in most countries to drive under the age of 18.8 lt's almost ......... that we'll finish this task by the required

deadline.9 One ......... of living in the city is the lack of safe areas for

children to play in.10 Tim is reading a(n) ............ book about important events in

history.11 Consuming too many sweets and fatty foods can be seriously12 The fall in house prices could ......... the economy.13 This information is completely ......... to what we're

discussing here.14 Seeing James after such a long time was really an

surprise.15 With the unemployment rate going up, more and more people are feeling

......... about their jobs.16 Tom can be quite so I wouldn't count on him if I were

you.17 Jack is so .............. ..............; he can be really childish at times.18 Helen was being very .........;she wouldn't listen to me at all!19 I need to change my clothes;these ones are very20 Since it's already 6 pm, it's ....... that we'll get home by 7 pm.

RELYATTRACTRESPONDCONSIDEREXCELSATISFYDELIGHT

LEGALSTRENGTHsoctAL

HARD

STOP

LIKEFORGETTABLE

ACCURATEUSUALCOMPOSE

LEGALPOSSIBLE

ADVANTAGE

FICTION

HEALTHYSTABILISERELEVANT

EXPECTED

SECURERELIABLE

MATUREREASONABLECOMFORTABLELIKELY

234

Ef, Fill in the correct form of the words in bold forming the opposite from the words given.

'l

Word Formotion

El Fill in the correct form of the words in bold.

1

23

456

8I

1011

1213't4

15

16

Each part of the organisation operates ......... of the others.She leads quite an . life travelling and exploring new places.Leonardo da Vinci's ......... of the flying machine wasinspired by the flight of winged animals such as bats and birds.Samuel dreamed of becoming a ................ footballer one day.John made his first stage ......... on Broadway at the age of 13.We put all our camping ......... in the boot of our car andheaded off to the mountains.We're still in ............... with the management about the newchanges within the company.The ............ of the fire made me feel very sleepy.

......... enough, she agreed to lend me her car.She had the ............. to carry on even after she felt exhausted.The Da Vinci Code was one of the most ......... books I haveever read.His paintings are .......... of modern culture.The train system within the city of Melbourne follows a ................ .. loop.It is a basic ......... for us to have good knowledge of theFrench language.James is a member of his local ........... club where hespecialises in the long jump.Although we didn't believe him, he claimed that he was telling us nothing but the

We were amazed by Maria's ......... and stunning beauty.l'm working on a ........... project to save local wildlife.Danny lives in Astoria, NewYork, but is .......... from Sicily inItaly.The ............ of America was a turning point in European history.White water rafting is considered to be a dangerous and ............sport.Your life changes ......... when you have children.This mysterious masterpiece was painted by a(n)artist of the 19th century.Unfortunately, she is a(n) candidate for the required position.The new amusement park is bound to provide lots offor people of all ages.Medical experts stress the ............. of healthy eating andexercise for a person's well-being.The World Cup final in Brazil attracted more than 70,000

Her dreams had finally become a ................ when she signedher first record deal.Dishes in each region of ltaly have their own ........... flavours.Albert Einstein was a ......... in the field ol physics and isfamous for his theory of relativity.The prime minister promised that his government would maintain its commitment toeconomic ......... and growth.The ............ of their information can only be verified by theauthorities.His behaviour at times can be quite .......... - he often hasmood swings.We need to ............... that all our citizens receive adequatemedical care.

DEPENDENTADVENTUREINVENT

FAMEAPPEAREQUIP

AGREE

WARMSURPRISESTRONGFASCINATE

SYMBOLCIRCLEREQUIRE

ATHLETE

TRUEINTELLIGENTCONSERVEORIGIN

DISCOVERCHALLENGE

DRAMAKNOWN

SUITENTERTAIN

IMPORTANT

SPECTATEREAL

CHARACTERRESEARCH

STABLEACCURATE

PREDICT

SURE

171819

2021

2425

2223

26

27

28

2930

31

32

33

34

lu

Word Formqtion

3637

35 We've tried to make our new line of clothing more .......... .................. toyoung people.The ............ ......... in their features clearly indicate that they are siblings.Many people are concerned nowadays about the ............. ............... ofthe world's rainforests.

38 Germany is considered to be a leadingautomobiles.Belgium is well-known for its ......... of fine chocolate.The World Basketball ......... will be held in Madrid, Spainthis year.Toby hopes to pass his exams ......... and enter university.Tom has recently become the ............. of an internationalfinance company.

43 We'd be more than ......... to come over for dinner onSaturday night.

44 They support each other in every possible way and have a bond which seems

45 He has achieved remarkable ......... as an author ofchildren's books.

46 At our school, English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are......... subjects.

47 The seminar covered the ............. of popular music over theyears.

48 ln ............... to her other classmates, Cynthia was the onlystudent to have read over 50 books during the school year.

49 Tom's ......... at times can be quite appalling.50 New laws still do not offer adequate ......... for many

endangered species.Courses vary ........... in length and difficulty.Our cruise of the Caribbean lslands was a ...... experience.The substantial ............. in the number of jobs recenfly is sureto help the economy.There was not enough ......... to convict him of the crime.The council will finally fund the ......... of a sports centre.New investments in the company will enable it to compete ................Be careful driving home, the roads have got very ...........The school has made some ......... changes to its curriculumthis year.

59 ltaly is a Southern ......... country.60 Winning first place in the competition made him very ...........61 Ann works for a ........... sports wear company.62 He provided the police with some ......... information.63 Yesterday's opera performance was rather64 This ltalian restaurant offers a wide ........... of ltalian dishes.65 Your ........... is requested in the managers office.66 We had a special ......... at the fundraising event.67 lt's .............. that we won't get to see you when we are in town.68 Davie wants to be a(n) ......... and visit far off lands.69 lt took a(n) ............ effort by everyone involved to get the

project finished.70 Some people find shopping online very ...........

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