Country reportCountry reporton income generation and on income generation and poverty reduction for poverty reduction for development coursedevelopment courseMADAGASCARMADAGASCAR

1- general information1- general information1.1 History1.1 History

French colony in 1896.French colony in 1896.

Independence on the 26 the june 1960.Independence on the 26 the june 1960.

The original inhabitants of the island are The original inhabitants of the island are African,Malaya,Indonesia,Arab.African,Malaya,Indonesia,Arab.

1.2 Geography1.2 GeographyLocated south of the Equator in Located south of the Equator in Indian ocean ,Madagascar is Indian ocean ,Madagascar is separated from the southeast separated from the southeast Africa coast by Mozambican Africa coast by Mozambican channel , of 400km in wide.channel , of 400km in wide.

Its capital is Antananarivo .The town is Its capital is Antananarivo .The town is built at altitudes of between 1200 and built at altitudes of between 1200 and 1400 meters on series of series of hills in 1400 meters on series of series of hills in high plateau region. Crowned by 12 high plateau region. Crowned by 12 sacred hills , the capital with its beautiful sacred hills , the capital with its beautiful architecturearchitecture

It is also administrative ,polical and It is also administrative ,polical and economic centre of the countryeconomic centre of the country

1.3 Climate1.3 Climate

Madagascar has a tropical Madagascar has a tropical

-Dry and cool (June- September)-Dry and cool (June- September)

- Hot and Wet (November – march)- Hot and Wet (November – march)

-The south has semi-arid climate.-The south has semi-arid climate.

1.4 Population1.4 Population

Estimated of more than 19 000.000 Estimated of more than 19 000.000 inhabitants.inhabitants.

1.6 Industry1.6 Industry

There are many kinds of industries:There are many kinds of industries:

- Processing industry , - Processing industry , textile,sugar,beer. textile,sugar,beer.

- Mining industry: Precious stomes, - Mining industry: Precious stomes, chromium,graphique,mica…chromium,graphique,mica…

- Fishing industry:Tuna Fiching and - Fishing industry:Tuna Fiching and Shrimp Fishing. It is a generator of high Shrimp Fishing. It is a generator of high revenue and job creating activityrevenue and job creating activity

1.7 Environement1.7 Environement

The country is described as a living The country is described as a living sanctuary of nature 80% for Fuana sanctuary of nature 80% for Fuana species and 90% of the flora species are species and 90% of the flora species are endemic.endemic.

1.8 US CUSTOMS1.8 US CUSTOMS

The circumcisionThe circumcision Turning over the Dead (famadihana). It is Turning over the Dead (famadihana). It is

organised during the dry season.organised during the dry season. The worship of ancestorsThe worship of ancestors

2-Governement organisations 2-Governement organisations interventions related to income interventions related to income generation and poverty reduction generation and poverty reduction for developmentfor development

1-Responsible governance1-Responsible governance2-Connected infrastructure2-Connected infrastructure3-Educational transformation3-Educational transformation4-Rural development and a green revolution4-Rural development and a green revolution5-Health, family planning and the fight against 5-Health, family planning and the fight against

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS6-Full employment6-Full employment7-Cherish Environment7-Cherish Environment8-National solidarity8-National solidarity

The government is not alone to The government is not alone to implement the MAP , the implement the MAP , the collaboration of 3P: partnership, collaboration of 3P: partnership, public and private is very effective.public and private is very effective.

According to the MAP government According to the MAP government Interventions to promote income Interventions to promote income generation and reduction of poverty generation and reduction of poverty consist on.consist on.

3 – 3 – BEST PRATCTICES CONCERNING BEST PRATCTICES CONCERNING INCOME GENERATION AND POVERTY INCOME GENERATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION IMPLEMENTATION REDUCTION IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 3.1 Practice of HIMOPractice of HIMO (High labour (High labour Intensity)Intensity)

During the difficult period (between During the difficult period (between January to march before the harvest) January to march before the harvest) governement organize activities to help governement organize activities to help population by giving money and rice)population by giving money and rice)

3.2 The handcraft3.2 The handcraft

shows the cultural wealth of Madagascar shows the cultural wealth of Madagascar

3.4 POTTERY3.4 POTTERY 3.5 MAKING PIROGUES3.5 MAKING PIROGUES 3.6 IN FARMER FIELDS3.6 IN FARMER FIELDSCramming: apiculture , sericulture, avicultureCramming: apiculture , sericulture, avicultureSolicitude, endemic, cultureSolicitude, endemic, culture3.7 3.7 Agriculture fieldsAgriculture fieldsHorticulture, orchardHorticulture, orchard3.8Recycling of charcoal (ardent charcoal)3.8Recycling of charcoal (ardent charcoal)3.9 Making compost3.9 Making compost3.10 Tourisme3.10 TourismeUmbrella and Mat renting in the beachUmbrella and Mat renting in the beach

b/ Credits the macro finance activities help b/ Credits the macro finance activities help people but its covertures is not yet enough people but its covertures is not yet enough and need to expanding in all region of and need to expanding in all region of Madagascar.Madagascar.

C/ Lack of commercial issues : how to sell C/ Lack of commercial issues : how to sell products issue from income generating products issue from income generating activities is a big problems . Sometimes activities is a big problems . Sometimes many products didn’t see any takers.many products didn’t see any takers.

4- PROBLEMS, OPPORTUNITIES AND 4- PROBLEMS, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THOSE INTERVENTION IN CHALLENGES IN THOSE INTERVENTION IN MADAGASCARMADAGASCAR

4.1 Problems4.1 Problemsa/ Security Madagascar is a safe country, however a/ Security Madagascar is a safe country, however

in some parts of the country criminal activities in some parts of the country criminal activities persist. In 2003, National Plan for Security was persist. In 2003, National Plan for Security was created.created.

d/ Infrastructure road during raining d/ Infrastructure road during raining periode:In spite of a big effort to rehabilitee periode:In spite of a big effort to rehabilitee and to built new infrastructure particularly and to built new infrastructure particularly the road , there are yet many isolated the road , there are yet many isolated village. It make difficult the selling of village. It make difficult the selling of products and diminish the volunteer of products and diminish the volunteer of peasant to product more.peasant to product more.

e/ Traditionale/ Traditional

f/ Natural disasterf/ Natural disaster

4.2 CHALLENGE4.2 CHALLENGE

Madagascar aim is to reduce in half the Madagascar aim is to reduce in half the poverty within 10 years. poverty within 10 years.

Promote all activities of income generation Promote all activities of income generation

Ameliorate qualities and quantities of Ameliorate qualities and quantities of products from Income generation products from Income generation

Facilitate the selling of products.Facilitate the selling of products.

5/ 5/ OTHERS E.G REGIONAL STATISTICS OTHERS E.G REGIONAL STATISTICS FROM OUR COUNTRY FROM OUR COUNTRY

Development Goal and the Education for Development Goal and the Education for all declaration from the forum of Dakar in all declaration from the forum of Dakar in 2000 emphasize the commitment to the 2000 emphasize the commitment to the eliminition of illiteracy of adolescents and eliminition of illiteracy of adolescents and adults . As of 2006 in Madagascar adults . As of 2006 in Madagascar approximaly 48% of the population 15 year approximaly 48% of the population 15 year old and above are illiterate. old and above are illiterate.

There are more than 1 million young There are more than 1 million young people from 11 to 17 years who are people from 11 to 17 years who are illiterate . Training methodologies training illiterate . Training methodologies training such as AFI-D , Asana, and such as AFI-D , Asana, and Ambohitsoratra gave encouraging results Ambohitsoratra gave encouraging results but their scope needs to be broadened. but their scope needs to be broadened. Currently,financial resources from Currently,financial resources from government budget well as from government budget well as from international partners are limited.international partners are limited.

GoalsGoals Madagascar will reach the Millennium Madagascar will reach the Millennium

Development Goal of halving the illiteracy Development Goal of halving the illiteracy rate of adolescents adults from its level in rate of adolescents adults from its level in 1990 to 2015. Reducing illiteracy will also 1990 to 2015. Reducing illiteracy will also play catalyst role to promote self-fulfillment play catalyst role to promote self-fulfillment of rural young people, to develop of rural young people, to develop entrepreneurship spirit and to encourage entrepreneurship spirit and to encourage personal risk and initiative taking.personal risk and initiative taking.

StrategiesStrategies 1.To intensify literacy education activities 1.To intensify literacy education activities

outside the regular school programs to outside the regular school programs to target young and adult illiterate.target young and adult illiterate.

2.To provide specific curricula to 11-17 2.To provide specific curricula to 11-17 years old young illiterate people to allow years old young illiterate people to allow them to catch up with the regular school them to catch up with the regular school programs,particularly through ASAMA programs,particularly through ASAMA activities (alternative education).activities (alternative education).

3/ To carry out large campaign of awareness 3/ To carry out large campaign of awareness raising on fight against illiteracy .raising on fight against illiteracy .

4/ Develop a national strategy to reintegrate 4/ Develop a national strategy to reintegrate out-of-schoolchildren into the formal sector out-of-schoolchildren into the formal sector by providing literacy and life-skills training by providing literacy and life-skills training and counselling.and counselling.

5/ Train 14 000 literacy agents per year.5/ Train 14 000 literacy agents per year.

MISAOTRA TOMPOKOMISAOTRA TOMPOKO

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