© Copyright 2008 KERIS and IMS Global Learning Consortium All Rights Reserved. Issues in Common...

© Copyright 2008 KERIS and IMS Global Learning Consortium All Rights Reserved.

Issues in Common Cartridge and SCORM

Issues in Common Cartridge and SCORM

Yong-Sang ChoPrincipal researcher of KERIS(Korea Education and Research Information Service)[email protected]


Brief History and Challenges

Common Cartridge

Common Cartridge & SCORM

Success Factor and Issues in Common Cartridge


Brief History and Challenges


1996-9: - Moving the Computer-Based Training (CBT), programmed instruction model to the web: content/player centric approaches - Proliferation of learning technology start-ups of a wide variety

1999-2002: - Course Management Systems (CMSs) proliferate in higher education - Learning Management Systems (LMSs) gain a hold in corporate training, especially for self-paced, compliance-type training - CMSs focus on organizing supportive materials for courses - LMSs continue to focus on CBT model with features for human capital management - CMSs accepted as a mainstream enterprise application and also as the platform for improved distance learning in higher education segment - Most learning technology start-ups and many initiatives in the learning space by larger corporations do not survive the bursting of the Internet bubble - reality sets in as to the newness of using technology to support learning


2002-Now: - New web portals, enterprise applications, and online searching in the education segments supporting specific curricular areas, assessment, and faculty/teacher development - Open source CMSs have become a factor - Open content initiatives have become a factor - Renewed, more stable growth with consolidation

2006-Now: - Collaborative authoring and learning - Web 2.0 - Mobile rich media (iPods) - Social Networking (Second Life)

Future (prediction): - Continued proliferation and need for integration of educational resources and activities from a variety of sources - Continued domination of web sources and formats


System Integration: Proliferation of new learning applications that do not

provide for

exchange of data about users

Instructional Integration: Difficulty in combining learning activities from a

variety of

products, vendors, and sources into a coherent lesson plan

and/or

learning experience

Content Integration: Difficulty in using content from a multiplicity of publishers

and/or

teacher created content in the same learning system

platform

Assessment Integration: Proliferation of new learning and assessment

applications that

do not provide results of learning activities readily usable by

teachers or administrators

Quality of Learning: Achieving quality is about creating relevance of content to

the

learning context, not about the specific packaging of the

content


Common Cartridge


SCORM has and is focused on rather granular learning objects, typically used

in a self-paced computer-based learning paradigm,

Common Cartridge is focused on addressing the full range of online learning

content

and applications that support a more comprehensive instructor-led

learning

experience, such as a course, lesson, or seminar.

Over the last 10 years, the application of the Internet to support educational

experiences has skyrocketed.

- Instructor-developed content, such as syllabus, notes, presentations, etc.

- Pre-packaged digital content, such as publisher produced digital assets

- Online assessments, tests, quizzes, etc

- Online asynchronous discussion forums for student participation and

collaboration

- Launch and exchange of information with separate learning applications

and tools,

such as assessment systems, adaptive tutors, wikis, etc.

- Authorization to access all-of-the-above based on licensing scheme

Background of Common Cartridge


System Integration: Will support LTIv2.0 protocol for interactions among tools

and

learning or course management platforms

Instructional Integration: Enables collections of learning resources of various

types

and sources, including explicit support for collaborative learning

tools

Content Integration: Establishes course cartridge native formats endorsed by

educational publishers, and supports SCORM and a wide variety

of

established content formats, eliminating platform lock-in

Assessment Integration: Explicitly supports the most widely used standard for

exchanging assessment items

Quality of Learning: Fits within the educational context of enabling instructors

to

assemble lesson plans of various resources and publish those as

reusable

and changeable packages

Common Cartridge Learning Integration


Metadata – descriptive metadata for cartridges based on simple Dublin Core

Rich content

- html, xml, web links, SCORM

- Media files (mpg, jpg, mp3)

- Application files (e.g. Microsoft Office)

Integrated assessments

- Multiple choice (single or multiple response)

- True/false

- Essay

- Simple fill in the blank

- Pattern match

Discussion forums

Authorization for protected content

Common Cartridge Features


Common Cartridge File Structure

Cartridge

learningapplicationObjectFolder1

imsmanifest.xml

learning application object 1 resources

learning application object 1 associated content

cartridge web content

learningapplicationObjectFolderN

learning application object N resources

learning application object N associated content

.

.

.

filefolder

cartridge meta-data

Item Folder

Resource – web content

Resource – web link

Resource – discussion topic

Resource – SCORM package

Resource - assessment

Resource – question bank

Intra-package reference


Common Cartridge Conceptual Diagram

CMS/LMS/VLE/IMS

LMSDB/

Repository

Import Function

Runtime

Assessm

en

t

Tools

In

tero

pIn

terf

ace

Dis

cu

ssio

nForu

m

Au

thori

zati

on

SC

OR

M

En

gin

e

XM

LR

en

deri

ng

CommonCartridge

CommonCartridge

Web orEnterpriseLearning

Application

Learner

– Packaging of digital content– Metadata (tagging of content with descriptive attributes)– Question and test formats– Collaborative discussion forums set-up information– Invocation of web or enterprise application– 3rd party format (SCORM, MPEG, Quicktime, etc)– Cartridge authorization information

-Launch and data exchangewith standalone learning tools

Digital ContentAuthorization

Service


Common Cartridge Building Blocks

Builds upon the widely implemented IMS Content Packaging specification,

adding support for the following standards:

Metadata

- ISO 15836:2003: Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (mapped to the

corresponding elements in LOM)

- IEEE 1484.12.1-2002: Learning Object Metadata

- IEEE 1484.12.3-2005: LOM Schema binding (loose binding)

Content

- IMS Content Packaging v1.2

- IMS Question & Test Interoperability v1.2.1

- SCORM 1.2/2004

IMS Authorization Web Service v1.0


Enhanced assessment (QTI v2.1)

Web/enterprise integration with third-party tools and services (LTI v2.0)

Lesson plans (Common Cartridge K-12)

Competency maps based on educational standards (DICE: Dynamic

Instructional

Content Exchange)

Accessibility support

Convergence with Digital Textbook (eTextbook)

Future Evolution of Common Cartridge (started from 2007)


Common Cartridge & SCORM


Common Cartridge was designed to meet a very different need than SCORM - Common Cartridge was designed for online support of all forms of teaching and learning - SCORM was designed for self-paced computer-based training

The designers of Common Cartridge were product companies and publishers who had extensive experience with SCORM but found it inadequate to meet their needs

Common Cartridge was designed to be compatible with SCORM 2004 - SCORM 2004 3rd Edition (the latest version) shares two specifications with Common Cartridge: IMS Content Packaging & LOM Metadata - SCORM 2004 3rd Edition is based on IMS Simple Sequencing

Users of SCORM 2004 will find Common Cartridge very complementary - Those not using sequencing can convert directly to Common Cartridge - KERIS will test a SCORM 2004 engine that can be incorporated to play SCORM content with sequencing via an IMS TI interface


Feature SCORM Common Cartridge

Packaging standard IMS content packaging

IMS content packaging

Metadata standard IEEE LOM Dublin Core via IEEE LOM (And ISO MLR future ?)

Sequencing standard IMS simple sequencing

Sequencing not a requirement, exploring IMS Learning Design and Simple Sequencing

Tracking standard IEEE derived from AICC

QTI & IMS Learning Tools Interoperability

Assessment standard None IMS Question and Test Interoperability

Standard to integrate web 2.0 and other learning tools

None IMS Learning Tools Interoperability

Content authorization standard None IMS authorization web service

Support for collaborative forums

None IMS forum initiation

Support for curriculum standards

None IMS Reusable competencies & ed objectives and IMS vocabulary description & exchange

Support for outcomes reporting None IMS Enterprise, IMS Learner Information Package, IMS ePortfolio

Support for accessibility None IMS Access for All

Comparison of Common Cartridge and SCORM


Success factor and issues

in Common Cartridge


Based on 10 years experience in learning content interoperability.

Based on the most widely used interoperability standards for learning content and assessment.

Supported by the leading educational publishers, assessment organizations, and learning platform providers and leading open source/open content initiatives.

Easy to implement and flexible.

Enables mapping to things we use and understand: textbooks, lesson plans, courses.

Supports the overwhelmingly predominant educational and training paradigm: self-directed but guided learning with an instructor in the loop, coordinated with assessment and online communal learning (discussions).

Component standards are in a very healthy state of improvement and evolution to support future needs.


The most important issue in developing standards in an emerging market is a very high payback to the industry

Achieving engagement of a critical mass of organizational participants ※ The larger the number, the greater economy of scale that is achieved and the more likely the standard will change the market

Selection of the right set of interoperability points

Delivering a quality set of specifications, especially with respect to enabling conformance to interoperability

The segment and regional spread of Common Cartridge and how this will be achieved ※ IMS Korea launched and is researching how to use Common Cartridge in Korean education segment and industry


Thank You !!!Thank You !!!

© Copyright 2008 KERIS and IMS Global Learning Consortium All Rights Reserved. Issues in Common...

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