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Transcript of © Confederation of Indian Industry1 BASIC RESEARCH AND HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM byY.S.RAJAN...
© Confederation of Indian Industry 1
BASIC RESEARCH ANDBASIC RESEARCH ANDHIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMHIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM
byby
Y.S.RAJANY.S.RAJAN
Principal Adviser, CIIPrincipal Adviser, CII
(views personal)(views personal)
To be Delivered at the To be Delivered at the
CII National Summit on Quality in EducationCII National Summit on Quality in Education16-17 November 2006, Bangalore16-17 November 2006, Bangalore
© Confederation of Indian Industry 2
SOME MACRO STATISTICCSSOME MACRO STATISTICCS
PERCENTAGE SHARE OF NATIONAL PERCENTAGE SHARE OF NATIONAL
S&T EXPENDITURE 2002-2003S&T EXPENDITURE 2002-2003
Applied ResearchApplied Research 41.7%41.7%Experimental Dev.Experimental Dev. 34.0%34.0%Basic ResearchBasic Research 17.8%17.8%Other ActivitiesOther Activities 6.5% 6.5%
Courtesy : R&D Statistics, DST, September 2006Courtesy : R&D Statistics, DST, September 2006
© Confederation of Indian Industry 3
SOME MACRO STATISTICS SOME MACRO STATISTICS (contd..)(contd..)
National R&D ExpenditureNational R&D Expenditure
1998 - 991998 - 99 Rs.12473.17 CroresRs.12473.17 Crores
2002 - 032002 - 03 Rs.18000.16 CroresRs.18000.16 Crores
2004 - 052004 - 05 Rs.21639.58 Crores (estimate)Rs.21639.58 Crores (estimate)
(DST : Sept.2006)(DST : Sept.2006)
2006 - 072006 - 07 Budget estimates for major Budget estimates for major
Central Govt. agencies DRDOCentral Govt. agencies DRDO
Rs 29,600 crores Rs 29,600 crores (derived by (derived by YSR)YSR)
© Confederation of Indian Industry 4
SOME MACRO STATISTICS SOME MACRO STATISTICS (Contd…)(Contd…)
(S&T) Researchers per million people for selected (S&T) Researchers per million people for selected countries (1996-2002) DST September 2006countries (1996-2002) DST September 2006
Total Total ResearchersResearchers
ArgentinaArgentina 715 715 26455 26455
AustraliaAustralia 34463446 68920 68920
BrazilBrazil 324 324 55728 55728
CanadaCanada 34873487 108097108097
ChinaChina 633 633 805176805176
© Confederation of Indian Industry 5
SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd…)SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd…)
Total ResearchersTotal Researchers
FinlandFinland 74317431 37155 37155
GermanyGermany 32223222 264204264204
IndiaIndia 110 110 115936*115936*
JapanJapan 50855085 645795645795
KoreaKorea 29792979 140013 140013 SingaporeSingapore 43524352 17408 17408
UKUK 26912691 158769158769
USAUSA 45264526 1289910 1289910**includes 22,100 researchers employed in Higher Educationincludes 22,100 researchers employed in Higher Education
© Confederation of Indian Industry 6
SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)
Doctorate Degrees Awarded Faculty-wiseDoctorate Degrees Awarded Faculty-wise
2002-03 (DST September 2006)2002-03 (DST September 2006)
Science & Technology(A)Science & Technology(A)
FacultyFaculty 2002-20032002-2003
ScienceScience 44974497
Engg./TechnologyEngg./Technology 779 779
MedicineMedicine 243 243
AgricultureAgriculture 10421042
Veterinary ScienceVeterinary Science 153 153
Total ATotal A 67146714
© Confederation of Indian Industry 7
SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)
Other Disciplines(B)Other Disciplines(B)
FacultyFaculty 2002-20032002-2003
ArtsArts 50345034
CommerceCommerce 857 857
EducationEducation 554 554
LawLaw 138 138
OthersOthers 436 436
Total BTotal B 70197019
Total A+B = 13733Total A+B = 13733
© Confederation of Indian Industry 8
SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)
ESTIMATED STOCK OF S&T PERSONNELESTIMATED STOCK OF S&T PERSONNEL
(thousands)(thousands)
(DST SEPTEMBER 2006)(DST SEPTEMBER 2006)
Stock of S&T personnel at the beginning of yearStock of S&T personnel at the beginning of year
CategoryCategory 19911991 20012001 20062006Engg. Degree HoldersEngg. Degree Holders 519.6519.6 1024.41024.4
Engg. Diploma HoldersEngg. Diploma Holders 859.3859.3 1531.71531.7
Medical GraduatesMedical Graduates 310.3310.3 415.9 415.9
Agri. GraduatesAgri. Graduates 168.4168.4 238.6 238.6
© Confederation of Indian Industry 9
SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd)SOME MACRO STATISTIC (Contd) ESTIMATED STOCK OF S&T PERSONNELESTIMATED STOCK OF S&T PERSONNEL
(thousands)(thousands)
(DST SEPTEMBER 2006)(DST SEPTEMBER 2006)
Stock of S&T personnel at the beginning of yearStock of S&T personnel at the beginning of year
CategoryCategory 19911991 20012001 20062006
Veterinary GraduatesVeterinary Graduates 34.4 34.4 46.7 46.7
Science GraduatesScience Graduates 2430.3 2430.3 4024.94024.9Science Post GraduatesScience Post Graduates 482.0 482.0 805.0 805.0TOTALTOTAL 4804.34804.3 97859785
(projected by YSR)(projected by YSR)
Average Rate of Growth about 4%Average Rate of Growth about 4%
© Confederation of Indian Industry 10
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (? !)QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (? !)
SO MUCH FOR STATISTICSSO MUCH FOR STATISTICS What do we learn What do we learn ?? Bulk of /S&T funds in India only by Govt. Bulk of /S&T funds in India only by Govt.
(very little for Humanities/Social Sciences)(very little for Humanities/Social Sciences) Of the Govt. funds in S&T mostly it goes to Of the Govt. funds in S&T mostly it goes to
major laboratoriesmajor laboratories Industries about 25% of national expenditure is Industries about 25% of national expenditure is
in-house - units.in-house - units. So what about Higher Educational Sector ?So what about Higher Educational Sector ?
© Confederation of Indian Industry 11
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (? !)QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (? !)
Researchers in Higher Educational Sector is very Researchers in Higher Educational Sector is very low - that too crowded in IIT’s, IISc & a few low - that too crowded in IIT’s, IISc & a few other select Central Universities.other select Central Universities.
Naturally low Ph.D. out turnNaturally low Ph.D. out turn Also many questions as to what they are.Also many questions as to what they are.
Solutions :Solutions :TIFAC - REACHTIFAC - REACHIndustry RoleIndustry RoleAcademia RoleAcademia Role
© Confederation of Indian Industry 12
BASIC RESEARCHBASIC RESEARCH»What is it ?What is it ?
»Academic PerceptionAcademic Perception
»Industry perceptionIndustry perception
NEED FOR BRIDGING PERCEPTIONAL DIVIDENEED FOR BRIDGING PERCEPTIONAL DIVIDE
QUALITY INSTITUTIONS EYESQUALITY INSTITUTIONS EYES
OF PERCEPTIVE AND DISCERNINGOF PERCEPTIVE AND DISCERNING
OBSERVER (TIFAC - CORE Experience)OBSERVER (TIFAC - CORE Experience)
© Confederation of Indian Industry 13
HUMANITIESHUMANITIES CRUCIAL FOR KNOWLEDGE SOCIETYCRUCIAL FOR KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY Languages Basic for cognitional foundationLanguages Basic for cognitional foundation Knowledge about people, culture - Winning Knowledge about people, culture - Winning
Minds therefore marketsMinds therefore markets Traditional Knowledge bases - New Gold MinesTraditional Knowledge bases - New Gold Mines Continuing Education - Making it interestingContinuing Education - Making it interesting Many more for those who seekMany more for those who seek
© Confederation of Indian Industry 14